Chapter 10

I. Fill in the blanks:

1. The crime committed on the internet is called __

_CYBER CRIME_________

2. The process of making duplicate copy of the original

software illegally is known as ______SOFTWARE
PRIVACY_______________

3. Unwanted emails are called_ SPAMS__________________

4. A program which may corrupt the files/documents in

your computer is known as _______VIRUS__________

5. _______HACKERS_____________are the cyber criminals

who crack the password to access the information
from the internet.

6. __________ETHICS________ is a set of moral values,

which regulates the use of computers.

7. It is advised to have __ANTIVIRUS___________software

to protect system from viruses.

8. Cyber criminals are punished under ___CYBER

LAWS_____________.
9. ______MALCOIDES_________ is a threat which corrupts
the system and cannot be blocked by an antivirus
software.

10. _____ANTIVIRUS_________ can be used to protect any

document on the Internet.

Ans.

1. cybercrime

2. software piracy

3. spam

4. virus

5. Hackers

6. Ethics

7. antivirus

8. cyber laws

9. malicious code

10. antivirus

II. Write short notes on:

1. Software piracy

Ans.

When we purchase an original software, we become the

licensed user and we get the right to use it. However, we
cannot make copies of this software and load it in other
computers. Thus, when someone copies a software without
buying the appropriate license or copyright, it is known as
software piracy. Piracy can come in many forms:

i) Licensed user duplication for unlicensed users

ii) Illegal internet distribution

2. Spam

Ans.

Sometimes when we connect to a website and open our email

account, we find that our inbox is filled with many unwanted
emails. Often, the titles of these messages are very
fascinating and they compel us to read the message. Such
messages are called spam and they contain commercial
advertising, dubious products or get-rich-quick schemes.
Spam messages waste the valuable time of the users and
also occupy memory space of the system. Sometimes spam
may also come with virus files that corrupt the systems.

3. Cyber crime

Ans.
 Crimes such as illegal copying of software, computer viruses,
stealing of hardware data and other computer related crimes
or online computer crimes are called Cybercrimes. Cyber
criminals take advantage of the lapses and negligence in the
computer system and gain unauthorized access and retrieve
data from other people’s computers. Cyber criminals can be
divided into various groups on the basis of their objectives as
follows:

 Organised hackers
 Professional hackers / crackers
 Discontent employees

4. Hacking

Ans.

The skills and knowledge of computer systems are applied in

illegal activities like breaking passwords, releasing viruses to
corrupt the system or stealing valuable data. Hackers are
people who use their computer expertise to gain illegal
access to confidential data in the systems. Hackers run
publicly available programs that automate attempts to break
into systems. Hackers also merge wrong information, viruses
or corrupt data in the users’ data and thus corrupt the
computer systems.

Hacking is usually done due to one of the following reasons:

 Theft of services
 To take valuable files
 For thrill and excitement
 Mental disease
 For knowledge and experiment
 5. Software copyright

Ans. Intellectual property means “Ownership of Ideas” i.e.

the software/program that is originally developed by the
person(s), becomes the intellectual property of the
developers.Copyright prohibits the users of a software
program from making copies of it without the permission of
the person or the company concerned which issues the
license for the program

6. Cyber Law

Ans.

 The ‘Information Technology Law’ is also known as Cyber

Law. Thus, cyberlaw is the area of law that deals with the
Internet’s relationship to technological and electronic
elements, including computers, hardware, software and
Information Systems.
 Cyberlaws prevent or reduce large scale damage from
cybercriminal activities.
 They protect Privacy, Intellectual Property and Freedom of
Speech related to the use of Internet, Cell phones, Computers
(Hardware and Software).
 Since cyberlaws vary by jurisdiction and country,
enforcement is challenging and punishments for Cybercrimes
can range from fines to imprisonment.

III. Answer the following questions:

1. What do ethics mean? Mention at least five ethical

values related to computers.
 Ans. Ethics is a set of moral principles that govern the
behaviour of a group or an individual. Some common issues
of computer ethics include Intellectual Property Rights,
Privacy concerns and how computers affect society. Some of
the following ethical values are necessary to foster good
relations with the concerned people, which will help to make
a healthy environment.

 Software must not be installed or uninstalled without the

permission of the owner.
 Follow the rules and regulations while working in a computer
lab.
 Secret information should not be stolen from other
computers.
 Unpaid software and proprietary software must not be copied
or used.
 Confidential documents should be protected using a
password.

2. How will you protect your data on the internet?

Ans. The following precautions must be followed to protect

data:

 Passwords and account information must not be disclosed to

others.
 Unwanted or free software must not be downloaded. It may
corrupt the system.`\\\\\\\\\
 Unwanted emails offering different schemes and free gifts
must not be opened.
 Install high quality antivirus programs of a reputed company
in the computer to protect it against viruses.

3. What is meant by malicious code?

 Ans. Malicious code refers to a new kind of threat, which
cannot be blocked by using an antivirus software and which
corrupts the system in due course of time. Malicious code is
any program that acts in unexpected and potentially
damaging ways (e.g. Trojan Horse). It can attack the
infrastructure of a system and can change, delete, insert or
even transmit data outside the institution. Malicious code
may hide in different forms and enter our system while:

 Working on Emails
 Surfing websites
 Downloading files/documents/software

Antivirus tools and code blocking are not comprehensive

solutions for malicious code. Protection from malicious code
involves limiting the capabilities of the server and web
applications to only functions necessary to support the file.

4. How will you protect your system from malicious

intent and malicious code?

Ans. The following precautions can protect the system

against malicious code.

 Using high quality antivirus or signature-based antivirus

 Suppose the downloading of software seems suspicious, then
stop downloading immediately.
 Avoid the use of pirated and unauthorised software since it
causes great damage to the system.
 Avoid using other peoples pen drives, memory cards etc
which may be virus infected. If necessary, scan and use
them.
 Emails from unknown sources should not be opened. They
should be deleted before opening.
 5. What are the advantages of Cyber law? Mention any
five.

Ans.

 Cyberlaws prevent or reduce large scale damage from

cybercriminal activities.
 Cyberlaws protect Information Privacy and also ensure
Hardware and Software security.
 Cyber laws allow governments to issue notification on the
web.
 Cyber laws allow companies to carry out electronic
commerce using the legal infrastructure provided by laws.
 Cyber laws also regulate the Freedom of Speech related to
the use of Internet, Cell phones, Computers.

6. How will you avoid software piracy? Explain.

Ans.

Software piracy can be avoided by taking the following

preventive steps:

 Software bought must always be from a reputed organisation.

If doubtful, [email protected] should be contacted.
 Confirm that newly bought software comes with a license
agreement, original disk and authentic packaging.
 Buying multiple software titles from different publishers on a
single disk must be avoided.
 If the seller provides a serial number other than the one
mentioned in the package, it indicates that the software is
not authentic.

7. What are the different ways to stop spam?

 Ans. Spam causes serious problems to our system. However,
spam can be stopped by installing a good antivirus software
(also known as filters) in our computer system. Some useful
filters are Spam attack, Spam Hater etc. Reading email
messages from unrecognized senders must be avoided and
they must be deleted.

8. What role can you play to stop Cybercrimes?

Explain.

Ans.

Precautions against cybercrimes can be listed as follows:

 Personal identity or personal information should not be

disclosed online.
 Personal photographs and files should not be sent to
strangers and online friends.
 The updated and latest antivirus software must be used to
guard against virus attacks.
 A back-up of data must be maintained to prevent loss of data
due to virus contamination.
 Credit / Debit card numbers should not be entered in sites
that may not be secure.
 Web servers running public sites should be separated and
protected from the internal corporate network