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Basic Programming Terminology

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37 views23 pages

Basic Programming Terminology

Uploaded by

mohammad taslim arif suman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Programming Terminology

Presenter: Steve Baskauf


[email protected]
vanderbi.lt/codegraf

Digital Scholarship and


Communications Office (DiSC)
• Unit of the Vanderbilt Libraries
• Support for data best practices (DMP tool, repositories), GIS, copyright,
Linked Data (including Wikidata), tools (GitHub, ORCID, Open Science
Framework, etc.), and Open Access publishing.
• Offers on-demand educational programming, consultations, web resources
• Typically offering lessons on Python, R, and GIS
• More online at: vanderbi.lt/disc
• Email: [email protected]
vanderbi.lt/codegraf

What is CodeGraf?
Terms for programs
a program #data = readDict('vanderbilt_units.csv')
#print(json.dumps(data,indent=2))

while True: # infinite loop


print('Time checked:',
datetime.datetime.utcnow().isoformat())

• a generic term for with open('last_run.txt', 'rt',


encoding='utf-8') as fileObject:
a complete set of date_last_run = fileObject.read()
print('Date last run:', date_last_run)
instructions that date_now_utc = generate_utc_date()
does something print('UTC date now is:', date_now_utc)

if date_now_utc > date_last_run:


run_all_queries()

# Update the date last run


with open('last_run.txt', 'wt',
encoding='utf-8') as fileObject:

fileObject.write(generate_utc_date())

print('done')
print()

# wait an hour before checking again


sleep(3600)
#data = readDict('vanderbilt_units.csv')
#print(json.dumps(data,indent=2))

code while True: # infinite loop


print('Time checked:',
datetime.datetime.utcnow().isoformat())

• instructions with open('last_run.txt', 'rt', encoding='utf-


8') as fileObject:
that make up date_last_run = fileObject.read()
print('Date last run:', date_last_run)
a program date_now_utc = generate_utc_date()
print('UTC date now is:', date_now_utc)

if date_now_utc > date_last_run:


run_all_queries()

# Update the date last run


with open('last_run.txt', 'wt',
encoding='utf-8') as fileObject:

fileObject.write(generate_utc_date())

print('done')
print()

# wait an hour before checking again


sleep(3600)
an application (app)
• one or several
programs working
together for the end
user
a script
• instructions in a programming language that need to be interpreted

R script
in RStudio
Python script
in a Jupyter notebook
Command-line interfaces (CLI)
consoles
• A console is a program that sends text commands and receives text
output

• The typical console for Macs is called Terminal


• The typical console for Windows is called Command prompt
the shell

shell console

• A shell is the program that receives and processes text commands


from a console

• bash is a shell that processes commands in the Linux operating


system
• Python and R both have shells

Image from https://www.clipart.email/


CLI vs. GUI
• A command-line interface (CLI) is basically synonymous with a shell.
• A CLI is in contrast to a graphical user interface (GUI)

command-line interface for Git


graphical user interface for Git
Variables and objects
variables
• variables are named locations where we store data
• example a variable named "basket" that is a list that can store
multiple alphanumeric strings
classes and objects
Classes are abstract categories
of things.
Objects are particular instances
or individuals of a class.

Class: Car

object: toyotaPrius object: ferrari object: volkswagenBeetle


classes and objects
Classes are abstract categories of data
structures. item[0]
Objects are particular data structures. item[1]
The type of an object is the class to item[2]
item[3]
which it belongs. …
Class: list
There are technical distinctions
between variables and named objects
but we will use them interchangeably.

'apple' 3593 True


'orange' 269 False
'banana' 45801 False
'lemon' 2804
'lime'
object name: fruits object name: ids object name: in_stock
type: list type: list type: list
Executing code
while True: # infinite loop

Statements print('Time checked:', datetime.datetime.utcnow().isoformat())


with open('last_run.txt', 'rt', encoding='utf-8') as fileObject:
date_last_run = fileObject.read()
print('Date last run:', date_last_run)

• Code is made up of date_now_utc = generate_utc_date()


print('UTC date now is:', date_now_utc)

statements if date_now_utc > date_last_run:


run_all_queries() a statement
• A statement performs a # Update the date last run

particular action. with open('last_run.txt', 'wt', encoding='utf-8') as fileObject:


fileObject.write(generate_utc_date())

• A "line of code" is roughly print('done')


print()

the same as a statement # wait an hour before checking again


sleep(3600)

R code
# Relationship between age of starting smoking and closeness
# create a factor out of closeness, box and whisker plot, then t-test of means
closeness_factor <- factor(with_maternal$maternal_closeness,
levels = c(0, 1),
labels = c("distant", "close"))
plot(with_maternal$H4TO2 ~ closeness_factor) a statement
t.test(with_maternal$H4TO2 ~ closeness_factor, var.equal=TRUE, conf.level=0.95)

# Relationship between number of days/month smoking and closeness


plot(with_maternal$H4TO5 ~ closeness_factor)
t.test(with_maternal$H4TO5 ~ closeness_factor, var.equal=TRUE, conf.level=0.95) Python code
interactive vs. script mode
• In interactive mode, one statement is run at a time in the shell.
Immediate feedback is given after each line.

• In script mode, the entire script is run at once. Feedback is only given
when explicitly required by the script.

• Both R and Python can be run in either mode.


Writing code with an editor
Code editors
• Code editors are text editors on steroids.
• They are "aware" of the language in which you are coding.
• They generally have syntax checking and highlighting.
• They may help with automatic formatting.
• Some code editors have capabilities for running the code and are
essentially integrated development environments (IDEs).
Access to digital collections 24/7

Remote
Support for Skype consultations with your
subject librarian
Teaching and
Research Ask a Librarian: an easy way to
Needs submit a question via email

Live chat available from the


Library home page
NEED HELP? ASK A LIBRARIAN!
https://www.library.vanderbilt.edu/ask-librarian.php

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