Deo :

Date :

Expt. No. PagY No.

ASsIGN MENT

MATHEMATTCAL PHYSTCS

Name- SURYA PRATAP STNGH JoYA

Class M.SC. I SEM, CPHYSTCS)

SESSTON
2023- 94

Teachar's Slgnaura :
 clASSAte
Date

TENSOR ANALYSIS Page:

TntXo ductiom of Tensox- Scalars afe Specitied by

magmitude.
Onl
ony> Vectors have magmitude as le Well
as diectiom. But Tensoss xe associ ated ith Magmitude
two or more dixections.

6f
Tensor Amalysis
mortusal laws in
is Suitable for mathematica) to Tmu lation
toSns
ons Lhich are invatiet with sespect
to dtfefent tames of Yefexence. That is Lohy Eimstein us
Tensos for the formulation of his thealy of Relativity.
Scalax oSdes tensox
A Vecto is Qxst -oXdes temsor,

COVARENT VECTORS ;
CONTRA VARIENT WECTORS AND
ot m Quamtities A-,
(aCosn+ Xà Vatient Vectors - Consider a Set
A, A, A4 An in a system ot
A1
Vaxiables these quantities have Values
and let
A2 A 3 im amothex CooXdinate system ot
AN
obey the txamstotmation
Variables rlu, TA these quamtities
Xelatiom

qe Said to be the CompoNents of

A'
then the quamtities a Comtxa VaTient temsoX _of tiXst
ContaVqtiemt Vecto oS
Q
Cank.
Comsider q Set of m quantities A4, Ag
,A
-
Cb) CoVarient Vectons A4,----An in a system of Vaxiables
Vaxiables , TE
relation
obey the tsams fo tmation
these quantities Au= r/94A:
A; qre Sqíd to be the Com po ments ot
then the
94antrties
CoVaTient tensor of fro
CovqTient Vectoo or q
q
 clASSMAte
Date
|Page:

TENSORS OF HIGHER RANkS :

The laus ot
ComtxaVariemt
txantomation yectoss ane
Covarient

(a)ll ComtÐa var)emt tenso ot Secomd Kank: let us Considex n)2

quantities AiJ Chefe i amd
Jtake the yalues fom 1 to m n in dependemtly) in a a system ot
Varia bles gi and let these quan tities have Valyes as in
anathe System of Variables gelee,
T£ these quantities obey the txansfomation equations

thenthe 9uamtitiesA Qe said to be the.: Con Ments

ot Q ContaVaiant tenso ot Secomd amk.
Comsider m)2
b) CovazienttemsoS of Secomd. Kankk let ys
quamtities A; hexe i
J take the Vglues toom 1 to m independently) inq system
Aln
Cf varia bles i and let these quamtities have Valyes
ly
system of Vatiables
Ingmothe
the se
ystemtities bbey the tamsfomatian eguations.
ALn= Caxi/axu) Cxi/a)A
of a
Sad to be the Components
then the quantitiesA ale amk.
Secomd
Covaxiamt temSor of

second Tank i It (n)2 quantities A in a

MixeA tenSoX f f Vaxiables Qe Xela ted to
m Qmotheosystem of Varibles
quantities A
Cn)2 tiamsfotnatiom
Qnothex the eguations
 lASSMAte
Date :
Page:3

them the quamtities A;! qre Said

to be Comp0memt otq mixed
temsox of Second ank.

(3)TemsoT of highes Kenksi The tensors ot

higher Camks qre
defined by Similar las. The Xamk
of a tensor omly indicates the mymbeY indices qttached
to its pes Component. FoX example Ap qre the compomemts
mixed tensox ot ank 4; C0ntTavaient ot Tamk 3
qnd couaxi qmt ot xamki, if they transfotm Qccofdmg to
the e9yation
A'tr= Coxl4/s)(axl/9i) (ox/ax/K)Cae/axl2)Aik
RANK OF A TENSOR:The rank ot a tensor Jhen Xaised
as pooex to the mum be o dimem sions
Sues the mumbes of compomemts of the tenso, For exam<le
q tensox of ank ? in mdimesiona space has Cn)r
Compomemts
Thus the Yank otfa temsor gives the nMber ot the mo de
when om
of
chmge of a physical quan tity passing
rotation elative to
0me
the tirs
System to the othex ohich is in
guantity that emains Lmcha nged when
axesDbviousy
are Sota ted is a tensor zedo
of nk
invaa4mt
The
md
tensoxs
ank Vectos.
of Yank 0me are
temsoS
Similary the
 clASSMAte
Date:
Page: 4

ANTTSYMMETRIC TENSORS !
SYM METRTC ANO Covaxiant
TÂ t s Contta Vaxiamt ox
SyMmetXic Tensox- be intechanged toitho
imdices Cam be
is Said
said to be
hen the tensor S
altermg the temo
tlo mdices..
SyMMetrìc tith Yespect to these
Fr example, if

then the ContTavariamt temsox

symmetric.
Q Covaiat temsot A ls Said to be
tensos or Skes SyMmetric tensors: A temsox, whose
Antisymmet xic egch Compomemt
ContxaVaTient
but not in Maqmi tyde then t o
Altexs im sign Qe mteKchanged is Said to beskes
o Cov qèient indices
ntisymmetsic LDith espect ' to these too
Symmetxic o
imdíces For example if A =- Adi

then Contaatient tengos oX CavqTiemt temsor A;;

of Second ank s antisymmetric or fora tensor of hig her
amk A,k,
TENSORS:
ALGERBRTC OPERATTONS ON of
The Qddition and Sybtxgction
)Addiiom and Subtsa ctiom -
tensoks is defned only in the Case
Sank and Same Hpe.
of ten SoXs ot Same XGnk on
Seme
temsos 0+ the
The sum ox ifesemce ot tlo
and sa Me
also Qte sor ot the SqMe emk
is alsa
is
Same type
 (6)|
cd)Tnnex (c)Contsact
Outer
tenso looered isb tensos, Aiven
The tensos.
APplying Consider example,
For md
to The the temsos. Pooduct
oter Poocuct ion
me) Called
temsoTS thein -
process ot
AB
Cky
tensoContaction two Whose The
poduct qmd - tensos-
outer Thus 0utex
AJ SD temsoss The
inner
isllocoedto
otes ifxand amk
the ies ot called the The Pooduc
nd ije
process Product
A is
B = these i pro b÷
D,2 amd the duct a the
0peration
alfebric
amk by
Lsil x!
bytwo prodct actiom.
Contas ot
inner
poodyct Cq Bpg ine ot
ContXactiom ae
Setting f be Sum teoo
Mew tensor the ate of
of a tensos
tenso mulAiplicat two tesor the
too tensor
mixed Page: Date
MEL, is amke cIASSMAte
iS
Ar teNsoYSesultstensoS ot Xanks 5
the of iB ot Q
e
ibn Which
q at
Samk t0o temso
obtain of
to mew