2018 DepEd Makati Mathematics Intensive Learning Enhancement for Students

180 MILES Supplementary Materials Grade 8 Session 6

Relations and Functions

Let’s start by saying that a relation is simply a set or collection of ordered pairs.
A relation is a function if there are no vertical lines that intersect its graph at more than one
point. This is called the vertical line test.
A function is a correspondence between two sets (called the domain and the range) such that
to each element of the domain, there is assigned exactly one element of the range.
 The domain is the set of all x or input values. We may describe it as the collection of
the first values in the ordered pairs.
 The range is the set of all y or output values. We may describe it as the collection of
the second values in the ordered pairs.
 A relation is said to be one-to-one if each element in the domain is paired with only one
element in the range.
 A relation is said to be one-to-many if at least one element in the domain is paired with
more than one element in the range.
 A relation is said to be many-to-one if each one element in the domain is paired with only
one element in the range, but two or more elements in the domain are paired with the same
element in the range.

The Vertical Line Test

• If all vertical lines intersect the graph of a relation in at most one point, the relation is also a
function. One and only one output exists for each input. If any vertical line intersects the graph
of a relation at more than one point, the relation fails the test and is not a function. More than
one value exists for some (or all) input value(s). In general, we say that the output depends on
the input.
Output variable = Dependent Variable
Input Variable = Independent Variable
If the relation is a function, then we say that the output is a function of the input.
• A linear function is a polynomial function of the first degree whose graph is a straight
continuous line, thus the domain and range of the linear function is the set of all real
numbers.
Because 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), the function forms 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 and 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 mean the same.
The linear function form, 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 is also called the slope – intercept form of the
straight line where 𝒎 is the slope of the line and 𝒃 is the y – intercept.
A linear function is a function of the form
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃
Where m (the slope) and b (the y – intercept) are real numbers
The linear function can also be written in the form 𝑨𝒙 + 𝑩𝒚 = 𝑪 called the standard form of the
equation of a straight line. If the line is given in this form, it is easy to transform this to the
function form 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃 by simply solving for 𝒚.

If the graph of a function crosses the y – axis, it intersects the y – axis at the point(0, 𝑏), where 𝑏
is called the y – intercept. The y – intercept 𝑏 is the value of the function 𝑦 or 𝑓(𝑥) when 𝑥 is
equal to zero.

On the other hand, if the graph of a function crosses the x – axis, it intersects the x – axis at the
point(𝑎, 0), where 𝑎 is called the x – intercept. The x – intercept 𝑎 is the value of 𝑥 when
𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑓(𝑥) is equal to zero.

Thus, to solve for the x – intercept 𝑎, solve for the value of x when y is equal to zero and to
solve for the y – intercept 𝑏, solve for the value of y when x is equal to zero.

I. A. Find the domain and range of each relation. Then identify whether or not the
relation is a function.
1. { (-2,3), ( 4,6), (7, -18), ( 8, 41), (13, 15)} 3.{(8, 28), (-5, 47), (8, -16), (-5, 8), (8, -9)}
2. { (-3, 4), ( 28, 4), (-7, 4), (12, 4), (0, 4)} 4. {(0, -4), (13, -4), (8, -12), ( 4, 58)}
5. D -3 6 8 12 6 6. D -1 -6 7 12 1 7.
R -5 -3 -4 2 5 R -5 2 -4 2 -5

Prepared by: Editha P. Cuenco, MSHS SY: 2018-2019 MILES PROGRAM

8. 9. 10.

B. Which one of the following graphs represents a function?

1. 2. 3. 4.

C. Find the domain and range of each relation.

1
1. y = 2x + 6 3. y = √𝑥 − 3 5. y = 𝑥−2
2. x = -3 4. y = 2 6. 2x – y + 6 = 0

D. Write Linear if the function is a linear function, if the function is not linear write Not
Linear.
1 x2  1
1. y  1  3x  x 2 5. y  3x  8. f ( x ) 
3x x 1
2. y  2 x  3 6. f ( x)  5x  1
2 1 1 2
3. y  x 7.   5  0
3 2 x y
E. Rewrite each linear functions to the form 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃 and determine the values of the
slope 𝒎, and the intercepts 𝒂 and 𝒃.
x y x y 1
1. y  2x  4 5.  1 9.  
2 7 3 8 7
2. 2 y  3x  7  0 6. 27 x  24 y  11 10. x  y  2  x  y
4 3  6y 1
3. 5x  3 y  15  0 7.  2  x  
3 8  4
4. 3x  4 y  20 8. 10 x  3 y  12
F. Evaluate the function at each specified value of the independent variable and simplify.
1. 𝑔(𝑦) = 7 − 3𝑦
2
a. 𝑔(0) b. (3 ) c. 𝑔 ( 𝑠 + 2)
2
2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 5
a. 𝑔(2) b. 𝑔(𝑡 − 2) c. 𝑔(𝑡) − 𝑔(2)
2𝑡 2 +3
3. 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑡 2
a. 𝑔(2) b. 𝑔(0) c. 𝑔(−𝑥)
𝑓
G. Find (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) , (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥), (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) , (𝑔)(𝑥).
1. (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 5 , 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 − 𝑥 4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 , 𝑔(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 6
𝑥
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1 , 𝑔(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 4 5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 , 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
1 1
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 , 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
II. Solve each item.
1. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4 , find (𝑓 + 𝑔)(2).
2. Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2, find 𝒇(𝟓).
3. Given the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 , 𝑔(𝑥 − 2).
4. Find the domain of the following functions.
a. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 7 b. 𝑔(𝑥) = √2 − 𝑥
5. Let (𝑥) = 3 − 4𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5 , find
𝑓
a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) b. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) 𝑐. (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) 𝑑. (𝑔)(𝑥)

Solve each item.

1. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, find 𝑎 and 𝑏, if 𝑓(0) = 1 and 𝑓(2) = 4.
2. Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2, find 𝑓(2), 𝑓(𝑓(2)) and 𝑓 (𝑓(𝑓(2))).
3. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 3, and 𝑓(1) = 6, find 𝑓(𝑎).
4. Given the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1, find 𝑔(𝑥 + 1) − 𝑔(𝑥 − 1).
5. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥, find 𝑓(𝑔(2)).

Prepared by: Editha P. Cuenco, MSHS SY: 2018-2019 MILES PROGRAM

Prepared by: Editha P. Cuenco, MSHS SY: 2018-2019 MILES PROGRAM