TLE-EPAS 10

Quarter 1/ Week 1
LC: Servicing Consumer Electronic Products And Systems-Domestic Electronic Code
Appliances; Rechargeable And Electronic-Controlled Lighting Units(SCEP-DEARE)
What I Already Know?
Welcome to this Learning Competency. Before start exploring the lesson, you are required
to answer the given Pre-Assessment to test your knowledge in Electronics.

Pre-Assessment
Multiple Choice
Directions: Read each statement carefully and select the letter of your answer. Write the letter on the
space provided before each number. Check your answers using the Answer Key on page 10.

1. A type of electronic diagram that shows the pictures of actual components.

a. Schematic diagram b. Lay out plan c. Pictorial diagram d. Wiring diagram
2. This uses electronic symbols to show the interconnection of components.
a. Schematic diagram b. Lay out plan c. Pictorial diagram d. Wiring diagram
3. The diagram that shows wiring connections in a simplified easy to follow manner?
a. Schematic diagram b. Lay out plan c. Pictorial diagram d. Wiring diagram
4. It is an electronic component that reduces 220v. AC into a lower AC voltage.
a. Capacitor b. Diode c. Resistor d. Transformer
5. The electronic component has the ability to store electrical charge or voltage.
a. Capacitor b. Diode c. Resistor d. Transformer
6. A component that allows current to flow only in one direction.
a. Capacitor b. Diode c. Resistor d. Transformer
7. Which electronic product is considered as rechargeable device?
a. Rice cooker b. Oven toaster c. Miner’s Headlight d. Washing Machine
8. Which electronic product can be considered as motion sensor activated device?
a. Burglar alarm b. Electric flat iron c. Radio Receiver d. Mobile phone
9. It is a manual that instructs users how to use the product.
a. Product Manual b. Installation Manual c. Service Manual d. Flow chart
10. This is a manual that shows how to set- up or install a product.
a. Product Manual b. Installation Manual c. Service Manual d. Flow chart
11. A handbook which gives information on troubleshooting, maintenance, and repair of electronic
products.
a. Product Manual b. Installation Manual c. Service Manual d. Flow chart
12. This diagram shows how a process was done or taken place.
a. Product Manual b. Installation Manual c. Service Manual d. Flow chart
13. It is an equipment used to measure resistance, voltage, and small unit of current.
a. Ammeter b.VOM tester c. Galvanometer d. Signal generator
14. A handtool use to remove the insulation of electrical wire.
a. Screw driver b. Wire stripper c. Flat file d. Torx wrench
15. Which handtool is classified as cutting tool?
a. Hack saw b. Allen wrench c. Flat file d. 12 v. mini drill

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 Refresher
Lesson
Preparing and Interpreting Technical Drawings (PITD)

Learning Outcome: Identify different kinds of technical drawing (TLE-IAEPAS9-12PITD-Iia-12)

Lesson Objectives: After going through the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Identify electronic components according to symbols and functions.
2. Interpret electronic diagrams according to description and illustration.

What I Know? (Ask Yourself)

1. What is an electrical or electronic symbol?
- It is graphical representation of basic electrical and electronic devices or components.
2. How important of knowing electronic components with their symbols?
- These are commonly found in different electronic products, so a learner must understand their functions
and how they are presented in electronic diagrams.

Discussion:
Common Electronic Components’ Symbol and Function

Kinds Of Electronic Diagram

1. Pictorial diagram
It shows the pictures of the actual components and wiring connections although it does not provide the
exact size of components. It shows exact shape in proportion to the actual component or device.

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 Fig. 1: Sample of pictorial diagram
2. Block Diagram
This form usually uses block of squares, rectangles or triangles to represent components, group of
components or units of equivalent. Block diagrams are particularly used to represent internal components
of a circuit.

Fig. 2: Sample of block diagram

3. Schematic Diagram
It shows the components used in their interconnection. Each graphic symbol is also accompanied with a
reference designation to distinguish it from other similar symbols. It does not illustrate the physical size,
shape or chassis location of the component parts and devices.

Fig. 3: Sample of schematic diagram

4. Wiring Diagram
It shows wiring connection in a simplified, easy to follow manner. It may show either internal or external
connections or both and is usually drawn as simple as possible to trace out the connection of a circuit. The
components of the circuit are identified by name or are represented by means of pictorial illustrations that
do not follow any well-defined standard form.

Fig. 3: Sample of wiring diagram

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 TLE-EPAS 10
Quarter 1/Week 1
INFORMATION SHEET
Lesson 1 OPERATIONS AND PARTS OF RECHARGEABLE LIGHTING DEVICE

Learning Outcome 1.A: Acquire manuals and service information required for installation as per standard
procedure (TLE- IAEPAS9-12SCEP-DEARE-IVa-b-42)

Lesson Objectives: After going through the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Discuss the operation of rechargeable lighting device as requirement before installation and
servicing electronic product.
2. Identify the components used in rechargeable lighting device based from its electronic
diagrams.
3. List down electronic products classified under rechargeable lighting device with their uses.

Introduction
Growing demand for the saving of electricity, a device was designed on the principle of providing
light when the power is cut off. This is accomplished by the use of automatic charger which charges the unit
when 220v. AC power supply exists. When the battery is fully charged it stops charging. In case of power
failure, the LED or bulb glows automatically with the supply provided by the charged battery.

Sample images of Rechargeable Lighting Device

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF RECHARGEABLE LIGHTING DEVICE

You will understand better how the device operates using the following diagrams with simplified
explanations:
A. Flow Chart:
When AC is ON, the flow shows that battery will be charge. When AC is OFF it turns on the LEDs
as shown in the flow diagram.

AC YES Battery
On Charge

NO
AC
Off

YES
NO Turn On Lights

2
B. Functional Block Diagram
Power supply block is connected with relay and if the supply is OFF it will turn ON LEDs/bulbs.
When supply is ON it charge the battery continuously. Functional Block diagram describe as below.

Explanation Of Each Block

MAJOR PARTS AND FUNCTIONS

Stage Main Components Used Symbols and Images

1. Power Supply Circuit a. Transformer

- It reduces the 220v. AC - step down transformer which
to a lower voltage AC. consumes 230 volts as input
Then converts this AC (primary side) and reduces lower
voltage into DC. output voltage in its secondary.
- This circuit is responsible
in charging the battery and
supplying the relay circuit
as well. b. Rectifier Diode
-two-terminal electronic component
with asymmetric conductance; it has
low (ideally zero) resistance to
current in one direction, and high
(ideally infinite) resistance in the
other. Its function is to convert AC
into pulsating DC
c. Electrolytic Capacitor
-a passive two-terminal electrical
component used to store energy
electro statically in an electric field. It
purifies the pulsating DC into pure
DC

3
2. Relay Circuit a. Relay
- the circuit is responsible -works as a switch. There are three
in shifting the relay contact terminal NC (Normally Close) and
point, if power supply is NO (Normally Open) and Common.
ON it connects with NO Here we connect NC terminal to the
terminal and charge the rechargeable battery and Common
battery and when there is terminal is connected with the
no power supply from LEDs/bulbs
220v AC, NC terminal is
connected with the battery
and LEDs/bulbs will be
ON.

3. Rechargeable Battery Commonly used rechargeable

- sometimes called storage batteries:
battery, or secondary cell, a. lead-nickel-cadmium (NiCd) b.
or archaically accumulator. nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) c.
It is a type of electrical lithium-ion (Li-ion)
battery which can be d. lithium-ion polymer (LiPo)
charged, discharged into a e. rechargeable lead acid battery
load, and recharged many
times from a power
charger

4. Lightings a. Light bulb

-these can be either light -electric lamp consisting of a
bulbs or LEDs. Most transparent or translucent glass
modern designed housing containing a wire filament
rechargeable lights use (usually tungsten) that emits light
LEDs when heated by electricity
b. Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
-a basic PN-junction diode, which
emits light when activated.

4
 Sample Design of Rechargeable LED Light

Schematic diagram of Rechargeable LED Light

Operation of circuit Diagram

The step down transformer reduce the high AC (in the range of 110V or 230V) and the diode bridge
rectifier convert voltage to 6v. DC voltage.
The diode D5 prevents the battery charge from flowing back, it acts as a freewheeling diode too.
In the presence of electricity, the relay contact connects the NO (Normally Open) terminal to battery.
Thus battery charges during this time.
Use Green LED as the charging indicator which glows when the emergency light battery is charging.
When supply failure occurs, relay connects the NC (Normally Closed) terminal to the battery.
The LED arrays are connected to NC terminal; thus they glow by using the charge stored in the
battery.

Circuit Diagram With Operational Details

1. Transformer:
For Converting High AC voltage to Low AC voltage we used 0-6v Transformer.

2. Bridge Circuit:
-To convert 6V AC to DC voltage, we use 4 Diode 1N4007. It has high current capability and
low forward voltage drop. The value of capacitor is 470µF. So we get rectified output.

Fig.1: Bridge Circuit Power Supply

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3. Relay:
-Relay is working as a Switch. To operate relay, we need DC supply so that we are using a
transformer.

Fig. 2: Relay

4. Rechargeable Battery:
-For Rechargeable battery, Nominal Voltage of Li-Ion battery is 3.7 Voltage. Standard
capacity is 1950mAh. Charging voltage is 4.2V. Constant current 0.2C5A.

Applications of this project:

• Use as an alternative source of light at the time of power failure.
• It is suitable for domestic applications.
• Use in remote residential areas

References:
TESDA-Competency Based Learning Materials in Electronic Products Assembly and Servicing(EPAS).
https./research.net/publication/ (PDF)Automatic LED Emergency Light by Vatsal N Shah
https://www.emergencylighting.com/blog/index.php/the-four-different-types-of-rechargeable-batteries
 6
TLE-EPAS 10
LESSON 1/ WEEK 1
Read Me First
Instructions:
1. Read and understand the content of the Information Sheet from page 1 to 6.
2. Accomplish all the activities in this Activity Sheet from page 7 to 9. Answer all items in every activity,
don’t leave any part unanswered.
3. Return/submit the Activity Sheets for purpose of recording your scores. Keep the Information Sheet or
the discussion part as your reviewer and for your references in the succeeding lessons. All Information
Sheets will be collected at the end of the first quarter.

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Student Name: Grade Level/Section:

Self-Check
After reading the Information Sheet, get ready to do the following Activities.

What’s More

Activity 1. “Do You Know Me?”

Direction: Supply the table with the component’s name and symbol from the diagram of rechargeable
lighting unit that was presented in the information sheet.

Component’s Image Component’s Name Electronic Symbol

Example:

Carbon Resistor

1._____________________ 6._______________________

2._____________________ 7._______________________

3._____________________ 8._______________________

4._____________________ 9._______________________

5. _____________________ 10._______________________

What I Have Learned

Activity 2. “Sum It Up”
Direction: With the knowledge that you have acquired in the lesson, share your thoughts by answering the
following questions.
 7
1. How does a rechargeable lighting device operate?

2. What are the important use of rechargeable lighting device?

What I Can Do

Activity 3. “Name The Picture”

Direction: Name the following rechargeable devices shown in the table below.

Device Image Name of Unit/Device

1._________________________________

2._________________________________

3. _________________________________

4._________________________________

Additional Activity

Activity 4. “Search me at home”

Directions: List down rechargeable devices that you are using in your home and indicate their uses.

Gadgets/Appliances: Use(s):
 8
Post Assessment

(This part was removed

9
 Answer Key

Pre-Assessment What’s More

1. c
2. a 1. Filter Capacitor 6.
3. d
4. d
5. a 2. Relay 7.
6. b
7. c
8. a
3. Transformer 8.
9. a
10. b
11. c
12. d 4. Rectifier Diode 9.
13. b
14. b
15. a 5. LED 10.

What I Can Do Post Assessment

1. Emergency Light 1. b
2. a
2. Flashlight 3. c
4. b
3. LED Lamp/Lantern 5. c
6. a
4. Miner’s Headlight 7. d
8. a
9. c
10. a
11. b
12. a
13. c
14. a
15. b
 10
TLE-EPAS 10
Quarter 1/ Week 2
Lesson
2 OPERATIONS AND PARTS OF ELECTRONIC CONTROLLED LIGHTING DEVICE

Learning Outcome 1.A: Acquire manuals and service information required for installation as per standard
procedure (TLE- IAEPAS9-12SCEP-DEARE-IVa-b-42)

Learning Objectives: After going through the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Explain the operation of electronic controlled lighting device as requirement
before installation and servicing electronic product.
2. Identify the components used in electronic controlled lighting device based from its electronic
diagrams.
3. Prepare schematic diagrams of electronic controlled lighting device.

Discussion/Notes:
MEANS OF CONTROLLING LIGHTS ELECTRONICALLY
The controlling of indoor and outdoor light is typically operated manually using analog type switch
as a traditional way. Nowadays, the manpower for controlling or switching operation of lights can be
lessened or even eliminated by using automatic sensor circuit that rely on motion created or intensity of
light detected by sensor components.

Electronic controlled street light LED light IR remote dimmer controlled

Sample images of Electronic Controlled Lighting Unit

I. Light Activated Control Circuit

The light sensor control circuit is a simple electrical circuit, which can be used to control the (switch on and
off) electrical load appliances like lights, fans, coolers, air conditioners, street lights, etc., automatically. By
using this light sensor circuit, we can eliminate manual switching as the loads can be controlled
automatically based on the daylight intensity. Hence, we can describe it as an automatic light sensor as
shown in the flow chart.

Fig.1. Flow chart that illustrates how the light sensor circuit controls the lamp.
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There are different types of light sensors available such as photo-resistors, photo-diodes, photo-
voltaic cells, photo-transistors, charge coupled devices, and so on. The light sensor circuit helps to evade
the manual control of the street lights erected on highways which is risky and also causes wastage of
power. This circuit consists of major electrical and electronic components such as light sensor, Darlington
pair, and relay.
To understand the working operation of the light sensor circuit, we must know a brief information
about the components used in designing the light sensor circuit.

COMMON ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS USED AS SENSOR

Component Description/Operation Applications

An LDR or light dependent This resistor is used as light sensor

resistor is also known as photo for devices that include alarm clocks,
Light Dependent Resistor resistor, photo-conductive cell, street lights, light intensity meters,
(LDR) or photo- conductor. It is one burglar alarm circuits.
type of resistor whose resistance
varies depending on the amount
of light falling on its surface.
When the light falls on the
resistor, then the resistance
changes.

This resistor is often used in

many circuits where it is required
to sense the presence of light.
This resistor has a variety of
functions and resistance. For
Image instance, when the LDR is in
darkness, then it can be used to
turn ON a light or to turn OFF a
light when it is in the light. A
typical light dependent resistor
has a resistance in the darkness
of 1Mega Ohm, and in the
brightness a resistance of a
Electronic Symbol
couple of Kilo Ohm.

Photo Diode Photodiode is in the class of This diode is used in consumer

photo junction device which is electronics devices like light switch,
basically a PN junction light smoke detectors, compact disc
sensor. It is generally made from players, televisions, and remote
semiconductor PN junctions controls in VCRs, DVDs etc.
which is sensitive to visible light
and infrared light. When light is
Imag
incident on a Photodiode, the
e
electrons and holes are
separated and will allow the
junction to conduct.

Electronic Symbol
 12
Phototransistor It is an electronic switching and Phototransistors are widely used in
current amplification component different electronic devices for
which relies on exposure to light detecting light such as infrared
to operate. When light falls on receiver, lighting control (highways
the junction, reverse current etc.), smoke detectors, lasers, security
flows which are proportional to systems etc.
the luminance. Phototransistors
are used extensively to detect
light pulses and convert them
Image into digital electrical signals.
These are operated by light
rather than electric current.

Electronic Symbol

Passive Infrared (PIR) It is an electronic sensor that Use in Remote Controlled Light Switch
Sensors measures infrared (IR) light application where a remote is used to
radiating from objects in its field turn ON or OFF an AC Light. It can be
of view. This IR sensor can used also in televisions, DVD players
measure the heat of an object as and other appliances the use remote
well as detects the motion. control.

Image

Electronic Symbol

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAMS OF SENSOR CIRCUITS

A. Light Dependent Resistor(LDR), Photo Diode, and Photo Transistor
These are components used for detecting light. During nighttime the component used as sensor
send the signal to the PLC which switches ON the light of the area where darkness is detected. At daylight
where light condition in the same area is high, the sensor send signal to PLC to turn the lights OFF. In
some ordinary circuits the PLC is not included since relay circuit is already been incorporated in the light
controlling circuit(LCC) that controls the light.
 13

B. Pyro-electric Infra-Red (PIR) Motion Sensor

Motion detectors block is used to detect the presence of persons or people in the room by
monitoring the movement of the persons in the room. It serves the purpose of detecting whether anybody
is present in a certain place of the room or not and gives feedback to PLC. The PLC is programmed to turn
off the appliances when there is no presence detected.

SAMPLE DESIGN OF LIGHT ACTIVATED CIRCUIT USING LDR AS SENSOR:

Schematic diagram of Light Control Circuit

Working Operation Of Light Sensor Circuit

The light sensor circuit is an electronic circuit designed using (light sensor) LDR, Darlington pair,
relay, diode, and resistors which are connected as shown in the light sensor
circuit diagram. A 230v AC supply is provided to the load (in this case, the load is represented with a lamp).
The DC voltage required by the light sensor circuit is supplied from a battery or by using a bridge rectifier
circuit. This bridge rectifier circuit converts the 230v AC supply into a 6v DC. The bridge rectifier circuit
utilizes a step-down transformer to step-down the 230v into 6v.

Main Components:
1. Light Dependent Resistor(LDR)
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During the daytime, the light sensor LDR has very-low resistance of around a few 100Ω. Thus, the
supply passes through the LDR and ground through the resistor and variable resistor as shown in the light
sensor circuit. This is due to the fact that the resistance offered by the LDR during daytime or when the light
is illuminated on LDR is less compared to the resistance of the remaining part of the circuit (that is through
relay and Darlington pair). We are aware of the principle of current, that the current always flow in the low
resistance path.
Thus, the relay coil does not get enough supply to get energized. Hence, the load is switched off
during the daylight.
Similarly, during the night time (when the light illuminated on LDR is very less), the LDR resistance
increases to a very high value of around a few Mega ohms (approximately 20MΩ). Thus, due to very high
resistance of LDR the current flow is very less or almost zero like an open circuit condition. Now, the
current flows through the low-resistance path such that it increases base voltage of Darlington pair to reach
more than 1.4v. As the Darlington pair is activated, the relay coil gets enough supply to get energized, and
hence, the load is switched on during night time or when no light is illuminated on LDR.

2. Darlington Pair Transistor

-The back-to-back connection of two transistors is called as a Darlington pair, this Darlington pair transistor
connection is used in this light sensor circuit.

Darlington Pair

This Darlington pair transistor is also considered as a single transistor that has very high current
gain compared to the general transistor gain. The product of input current and gain of the transistor gives
the input given to the load through the Darlington pair. We know that, if the base voltage must be greater
than 0.7v, then the transistor switches on – but, in case of Darlington pair, the base voltage must be 1.4v as
the two transistors are required to be switched on.

3. Relay
-A relay plays a vital role in the light sensor circuit for activating the load or for connecting the load to the
light sensor circuit as well as to the AC mains.
Generally, the relay consists of a coil, this coil gets energized whenever it gets enough supply (required
amount of supply depends on the rating of the relay).

Applications of the Project:

1. Night switch
2. Smoke detector
3. Burglar alarm (motion sensor switch)
 15
II. Light Dimmer Control Circuit

Dimmers are devices connected to a light fixture and used to lower the brightness of light. By
changing the voltage waveform applied to the lamp, it is possible to lower the intensity of the light output.
Although variable-voltage devices are used for various purposes, the term dimmer is generally reserved for
those intended to control light output from resistive incandescent, halogen, and (more recently) compact
fluorescent lights (CFLs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

Pictorial Diagram of a Light Dimmer Showing Components’ Connections

MAIN COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS

Component Description Application

DIAC The DIAC is a full-wave or bi- It is widely used to assist even

directional semiconductor triggering of a TRIAC when used in
switch that can be turned on AC switches. DIACs are mainly
in both forward and reverse used in dimmer applications and
polarities. The DIAC gains its also in starter circuits for florescent
name from the contraction of lamps.
the words DIode Alternating
Current.

TRIAC The TRIAC is a three It is an ideal component to use for

terminal semiconductor AC switching applications because
component for controlling it can control the current flow over
current. It gains its name both halves of an alternating cycle.
from the term TRIode for
Alternating Current. It is
effectively a development of
the SCR or thyristor, but
unlike the thyristor which is
only able to conduct in one
direction, the TRIAC is a bi-
directional component.
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Sample Design of Light Dimmer Control Circuit

Working Operation of Light Dimmer Circuit

A light dimmer works by essentially chopping parts out of the AC voltage. This allows only parts of
the waveform to pass to the lamp. The brightness of the lamp is determined by the power transferred to it,
so the more the waveform is chopped, the more it dims. Main power is comprised of an alternating current
that flows in one direction and then in the other, along the cable, at the rate of 50 or 60 cycles per second
(known as Hertz). By chopping the waveform at the zero-crossing point, smooth dimming can be achieved
without the lamp flickering.

Main Components Used:

1. DIAC Component
It conducts a break-over voltage. When the device exceeds the break over voltage, it enters the
region of negative dynamic resistance. The diode remains in its conduction state until the current through it
drops below what is termed the holding current. Below the holding current, the DIAC reverts to its high
resistance. Its behavior is bi-directional and therefore its operation occurs on both halves on AC Cycle.

2. TRIAC Component
It can be imagined from the circuit symbol that the TRIAC consists of two thyristors back to back but
with a common gate terminal, and the cathode of one thyristor connected to the anode of the other, and
vice versa. When the voltage on the MT1 is positive with regard to MT2 and a positive gate voltage is
applied, one of the SCRs conducts. When the voltage is reversed and a negative voltage is applied to the
gate, the other SCR conducts. This is provided that there is sufficient voltage across the device to enable a
minimum holding current to flow.

Applications of the circuit:

1. Lampshade
2. Room lights

References:
TESDA-Competency Based Learning Material in Electronic Product Assembly and Servicing(EPAS).
https://www.electronicshub.org/light-sensors/Feb. 2, 2015
www.elprocus.com/ldr-light dependent resistor circuit and working principle
https://www.elprocus.com/phototransistor-basics-circuit-diagram-advantages-applications
www.slideshare.net/light-dimmer-circuit-using-diac and triac
 17
TLE-EPAS 10
LESSON 2/ WEEK 2
Read Me First
Instructions:
1. Read and understand the content of the Information Sheet from page 1 to 7.
2. Accomplish all the activities in this Activity Sheet from page 8 to 11. Answer all items in every activity,
don’t leave any part unanswered. If done with all the activities, check your answers using the Answer Key
on page 12.
3. Submit the Activity Sheets for purpose of recording your scores. Keep the Information Sheet or the
discussion part as your reviewer and for your references in the succeeding lessons. All Information Sheets
will be collected at the end of the first quarter.

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Student Name: Grade Level/Section:

What’s More
Activity 1. “Complete My Table”
Direction: Name the electronic components being described in the table below and draw their symbols.

Component’s Name Component’s Symbol Brief Description of Component

Example: It is an electronic switching and
current amplification component
1.___Photo-transistor_______ which relies on exposure to light to
6._______________________ operate.

Its resistance varies depending on

the amount of light falling on its
2._________________________ surface
7._______________________
An electronic component that
measures infrared (IR) light
3._________________________ radiating from objects in its field of
8._______________________ view and can detect heat and
motion.
This is generally made from
semiconductor PN junctions and is
4.________________________ 9.______________________ sensitive to visible light and
_ infrared light.
A three terminal bi-directional
component use for AC switching
5._________________________ applications because it can control
10.______________________ the current flow.

What I Have Learned

Activity 2. “Sum It Up”
Direction: Share your ideas based from the information that you have studied by answering the following
questions.
1. What are the possible ways of controlling lights?

2. How does a light activated sensor circuit operate?

 18
3. What are common applications of light dimmer control circuit?

What I Can Do

Activity 3. “Circuit Analysis”

Direction: Analyze carefully the diagrams and identify the main or key component used and also the
application of each circuit. The first circuit diagram was already done for you.

Diagram 1 Diagram 2
Component used: Infrared (IR) sensor 1. Component used:
Application: Light sensor switch ____ 2. Application:

Diagram 3 Diagram 4
3. Component used: 5. Component used:
4. Application: 6. Application:

Diagram 5 Diagram 6
7. Component used: 9. Components used:________,__________
8. Application: 10. Application:_______________________
 19
Additional Activity
Activity 4.“I Can Do It”
Direction: From the pictorial diagram of light dimmer below, create your own schematic diagram. Always
indicate the part number or value of every component in the diagram.
Pictorial Diagram:

Your Schematic Diagram Design:

 20
Post Assessment

(This part has been removed)

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Answer Key

What’s More

1. Photo transistor 6.

2. LDR 7.

3. Passive Infrared (PIR) 8.

4. Photo diode 9.

5. TRIAC 10.

What I Can Do Post Assessment

1. Photo diode 1.
2. Light sensor switch 2.
3. Light Dependent Resistor(LDR) 3.
or Photo resistor 4.
4. Light sensor switch 5.
5. Photo transistor 6.
6. Light sensor switch 7.
7. Passive Infrared(PIR) 8.
8. Motion sensor switch 9.
9. DIAC and TRIAC 10.
10. Light dimmer control 11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
 22
TLE-EPAS 10
Quarter 1/ Week 3
Lesson ELECTRONIC HANDTOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR INSTALLATION AND REPAIR
3

Learning Competency (L.O 1): Prepare unit, tools, and workplace for installation and repair
(TLE- IAEPAS9-12SCEP-DEARE-IVa-b-42)

Learning Objectives: After going through the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Discuss the importance of a well-organized handtools , equipment and materials in the
workplace.
2. Identify different electronic handtools, equipment, and materials needed in installing and servicing
electronic products.
3. Classify electronic handtools and equipment according to their usage.

Discussion/Notes:
In order that you will be able to assemble, install, and service electronic devices that were
presented in the previous lessons, you need a good work area, as well as handtools, equipment and
electronic supplies. A well-organized and safe work area makes someone feel comfortable and free from
any hazards while doing work. A work area is defined as a place where tasks are performed. These are the
guidelines in choosing a right work area for electronics work:

1. A work area should consist of a large workbench, desk, or table preferably wooden for performing circuit
assembly, with household electrical power of 220 volts AC readily accessible to power soldering equipment,
power supplies, and any test equipment.

2. Avoid a metal-surface desk, as the electrical conductivity of a metal surface creates both a shock hazard
and the very distinct possibility of unintentional “short circuits” developing from circuit components touching
the metal tabletop. Vinyl and plastic bench surfaces are to be avoided for their ability to generate and store
large static-electric charges, which may damage sensitive electronic components. Also, these materials
melt easily when exposed to hot soldering irons and molten solder droplets.

3. The work area should be well-lighted and ventilated. Make sure that there is enough amount of light and
good circulation of air.

4. The right handtools and equipment needed in the workplace should be readily accessible. A clean and
orderly work area should start with a well-organized handtools, equipment and materials. You can easily
organize handtools and equipment in your workplace by classifying them according to their uses as follows:

Boring- handtools needed in drilling and enlarging holes of materials.

Cutting- handtools used to remove excess portions material from a workpiece.
Driving-are used to insert and drive screws, nails, nuts and bolts into surfaces with manual force.
Gripping- are primarily used to bend, hold, stretch, and twist objects like electrical wires and component
electrodes/terminals.
Measuring- instruments used to measure any quantity are known as measuring instruments. If the
instruments can measure the basic electrical quantities, such as voltage and current are known as basic
measuring instruments.
Soldering- hand tools used to heat to melt solder so that it can flow into the joint between two workpieces.
Additional tools are included here like the one used to suck melted soldering leads from the printed circuit
boards and the stand where the iron is placed during usage.
Auxiliary- additional hand tools that are helpful in doing electronic works.
PPE- used as protection to any parts of the body while at work.
23
A. Electronic Handtools and Equipment
In many types of work, handtools are used everyday. They make work easier and allow people to
be more efficient. These are the most common hand tools for installation and servicing electronic products:

1. Screwdrivers
- hand tools specifically designed to insert and tighten, or to loosen and remove screws. A
screwdriver comprises a head or tip, which engages with a screw, a mechanism to apply force by rotating
the tip, and some way to position and support the screwdriver, the tip of which is shaped in to fit a particular
type of screw.

Types:
a. Slotted/Flat Screwdriver
- is used to drive or fasten negative slotted screws.
b. Phillips Screwdriver
– used to drive or fasten positive slotted screws. It is a screwdriver that could take greater torque
and could provide tighter fastenings.
c. Jeweler's/Precisions Screwdriver Set
– is a set of small screw drivers composed of slotted and Phillips screwdrivers.

2. Soldering Iron
– is a device for applying heat to melt solder in attaching two metal parts. A soldering iron is
composed of a heated metal tip and an insulated handle. For electrical work, wires are usually soldered to
printed circuit boards, other wires, or small terminals. A low-power iron (20-30 Watts) is suitable for this
work.

3. Soldering Tool Stand

– is a place where the soldering iron is placed during usage. This will keep the soldering iron away
from flammable materials. The stand often comes with a sponge used in cleaning the tip of the soldering
iron.

4. Desoldering Tool
- used in removing soldered wires and components on printed circuit boards for troubleshooting and
repair purposes.
 24
5. Pliers
-these consist of a pair of metal first-class levers joined at a fulcrum positioned closer to one end of
the levers, creating short jaws on one side of the fulcrum, and longer handles on the other side. They are
useful for holding, bending, cutting and compressing a wide range of materials.

Types:
a. Long Nose
- is used for holding, bending, and stretching the lead of electronic component or connecting wires.
b. Diagonal/Side Cutter
-is a wire-cutting pliers, though they are not used to grab or turn anything, but are used to cut wires.
c. Combination/Lineman’s plier
-a multi-purpose plier, combining gripping jaws with wire cutters. It can be used for gripping,
compressing, bending, twisting, extracting and cutting various materials.
c. Wire Stripper
-is a pair of opposing blades much like scissors or wire cutters. The addition of a center notch
makes it easier to cut the insulation without cutting the wire.

6. 12V Mini-Drill
– is used to bore or drill holes in the printed circuit board (PCB) with sizes from 1/32” – 1/16”.

7. Portable Electric Drill

-used for boring hole(s) in plastic or metal chassis with the used of drill bits having sizes from 1/6” to
approximately 1/4”.

8. Metal Files
-These are hand tools having a series of sharp, parallel ridges or teeth. Most files have a narrow,
pointed tang at one end to which a handle can be fitted.

Types:
 a. Flat File
-is parallel in width and tapered in thickness; they are used for flat surfaces and edges.
b. Half Round File
-is tapered in width and thickness, coming to a point, and is narrower than a standard half round
and used for filing inside of rings.
c. Round File - is also called rat-tail file which is gradually tapered and used for many tasks that
require a round tool, such as enlarging round holes or cutting a scalloped edge.
25
9. Utility Knife
- a common tool used in cutting various trades and crafts for a variety of purposes.

10. Hacksaw
- used for cutting metals. Some have pistol grips which keep the hacksaw firm and easy to grip. The
small hand-held hacksaws consist of a metal arch with a handle that fits around a narrow, rigid blade.

11. Socket wrench

- a wrench usually in the form of a bar and removable socket made to fit a bolt or nut.

12. Allen wrench

- an L-shaped hexagonal metal bar either end of which fits the socket of a screw or bolt.

13. Tweezers
- are small tools used for picking up objects too small to be easily handled with the human fingers

14. Magnifying Glass

-is a convex lens which is used to produce a magnified image of an object. The lens is usually
mounted on a frame with a handle.

15. Paint Brush

 - made of bristles set in handle, used for cleaning dirty parts of a circuit or an object.

26
16. Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)
- is a protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the
wearer's body from injury or infection.

B. Electronic equipment
Aside from hand tools, some equipment are also needed for more accurate and quality output. In
this connection, three of the most used equipment are presented here for you to be familiar with their uses
and the proper way of maintaining them:

1. Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter/Multimeter Tester
- an equipment that combines three functions: as a voltmeter that measures both ac and dc
voltages; an ohmmeter that measures resistance; and milliammeter that measures small amount of dc
current.

Analog VOM Digital VOM

As safety precautions in the maintenance of this instrument, the following should be observed:
 Always rest the function switch at 250V AC if an OFF position is not available in the instrument.
 For current and voltage measurements, always set the function switch in the correct setting which is
a little higher than the expected current or voltage present in the circuit.
 Place the instrument in a cool dry place, away from any magnetic devices, and free from vibrations.

2. Oscilloscope
-commonly abbreviated CRO, for cathode-ray oscilloscope, or scope) is a piece of electronic test
equipment that allows signal voltages to be viewed, usually as a two-dimensional graph of one or more
electrical potential differences (vertical axis) plotted as a function of time or of some other voltage
(horizontal axis).

3. Signal generator
- a device that can produce various patterns of voltage at a variety of frequencies and amplitudes. A
common use is to test the response of circuits to a known input signal.
 27
C. Electronic Materials

1.Solder lead
-is used in electronics to connect metals. Solder, the soft metal that’s used to create solder joints, is
an alloy of tin and lead. Most solders are 60 percent tin and 40 percent lead, but that ratio may vary a bit.

2. Solder Flux
-used to aid the soldering process, another substance known as flux also called as solder paste is
used. Flux removes the oxide film from the surface of metals to be soldered. It forms a protective layer that
prevents re-oxidation. Flux gets rid of oxidation and helps clean the surface.

3. Assorted Electronic Components

-during the course of building many circuits and servicing, you will accumulate a large number of
small components like switches, resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, microchip..etc. One technique for
keeping these components organized is to keep them in a plastic “organizer” box

References:

K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module (Grades 7/8
Electronics).https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/experiments/chpt-1/setting-up-a-home-lab
https://makeradvisor.com/how-to-set-up-an-electronics-lab-tools-and-equipment
 28

TLE-EPAS 10
LESSON 3/ WEEK 3
Read Me First
Instructions:
1. Read and understand the content of the Information Sheet from page 1 to 6.
2. Accomplish all the activities in this Activity Sheet from page 7 to 9. Answer all items in every activity,
don’t leave any part unanswered. Check your answers using the Answer Key on page 10.
3. Submit the Activity Sheets for purpose of recording your scores. Keep the Information Sheet or the
discussion part as your reviewer and for your references in the succeeding lessons.

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Student Name: Grade Level/Section:

What’s More

Activity 1. “Know Me More”

Directions: Name the handtools and equipment and classify them according to their usage.

Handtools/ Equipment Image Name of Handtool/ Handtool /Equipment

Equipment Classification
Example:
Phillip Screw driver Driving tool

1._____________________ 8._____________________

2._____________________ 9._____________________

3._____________________ 10._____________________

4._____________________ 11._____________________

5._____________________ 12.____________________
6.____________________ 13._____________________

7.____________________ 14.____________________

29
 What I Have Learned

Activity 2. “Give Your Thoughts”

Direction: With the knowledge that you have acquired from the information sheet, share your opinions by
answering the following questions.

1. What advantage does a worker get from a clean and well-organized work area?

2. How important are the electronic handtools and equipment in doing electronic tasks?

3.Why is it important for an electronic learner to be familiar with the use of the different electronic handtools
and equipment?

What I Can Do

Activity 3. “Let’s Fix It”

Directions: Given below are electronic appliances with their specific defects. List necessary electronic
handtools, equipment and materials that you think are needed to repair such defects.
A. Defective AC-DC Power Supply
Trouble: No output voltage Handtools and Materials Needed

Handtools/Equipment:
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Material(s):
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________

B. Defective Rice Cooker

Handtools and Materials Needed
Trouble: Cut off thermal Fuse
Handtools/Equipment:
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Material(s):
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________

30
 Post Assessment
(This part has been removed)

31
 Answer Key

What’s More

1.Desoldering tool 8. Soldering tool

2.Multimeter/VOM tester 9. Measuring instrument
3. Portable Electric Drill 10. Boring tool
4. Magnifying Glass 11. Auxiliary tool
5. Long Nose Plier 12. Gripping tool
6. Soldering Iron 13. Soldering tool
7. Hacksaw 14. Cutting tool

What I Can Do Post Assessment

A. Power supply
Handtools and Equipment: Checking will be done by your
-Screw drivers ( phillips, slotted) teacher.
-Pliers ( Long nose, side cutter, combination)
-Soldering iron
-Desoldering tool
-Soldering tool stand
-Utility knife
-Multimeter/VOM tester
Materials:
-Solder lead
-Assorted components
B. Rice Cooker
Handtools and Equipment:
-Screw drivers ( phillips, slotted)
-Pliers ( Long nose, side cutter, combination)
-Utility knife
-Multimeter/VOM tester
Material:
-Thermal fuse

32
 TLE-EPAS Lesson
Quarter 1/Week 4
Learning Competency Code
LO 2. Install consumer electronic products and systems TLE- IAEPAS9-12SCEP-
I. Materials necessary to complete the work are obtained in accordance with job DEARE-IVb-f-43
requirements
II. Install electronic products and systems in accordance with manufacturer’s
instruction, requirements, and without damage to surrounding place or environment.
What Do I Know
Welcome to this Learning Competency. Before start exploring the lesson,
you are required to answer the given Pre-Assessment to test your knowledge in Electronics.

Pre-Assessment
Multiple Choice
Directions: Read each statement carefully and select the letter of your answer. Use lower case(small)
letter in writing your answers. After answering, check your answers using the Answer Key on page 8.
1. This is a handbook provided by manufacturers which cover the servicing, maintenance, and
repair of their products
a. Almanac b. Encyclopedia c. Service Manual d. Electronic Diagram
2. It is a simplified conventional graphical representation of an electrical circuit.
a. Almanac b. Encyclopedia c. Service Manual d. Electronic Diagram
3. The diagram that shows image of components and how they are connected in the circuit.
a. Schematic diagram b. Lay out plan c. Pictorial diagram d. Wiring diagram
4. An insulating board containing conductive tracks for circuit connections.
a. Breadboard b. Whiteboard
c. Printed Circuit Board d. Printed Wiring Board
5. It is sometimes called solderless board, used in assembling a prototype circuit.
a. Breadboard b. Whiteboard
c. Printed Circuit Board d. Printed Wiring Board
6. A process of joining two metallic surfaces to make an electrical contact by melting tin and
lead across them.
a. Brazing b. Riveting c. Soldering d. Welding
7. It is measuring equipment used to measure resistance, voltage, and small unit of current.
a. Ammeter b.VOM tester c. Galvanometer d. Signal generator
8. Sequence of operations intended to verify the correct operation or malfunctioning of a piece of
equipment or system.
a. Assembling b. Installing c. Testing d. Troubleshooting
9. Systematic approach to locate the cause of a fault in an electronic circuit or system.
a. Assembling b. Installing c. Testing d. Troubleshooting
10. This refers to building an electronic project out of diagrams.
a. Assembling b. Installing c. Testing d. Troubleshooting

33
 TLE-EPAS 10
Quarter 1/ WEEK 4
Lesson
4 Importance of Service Manual and Electronic Diagrams

Learning Competency: Install consumer electronic products and systems (TLE- IAEPAS9-12SCEP-DEARE-IVa-b-42)
LO 1: Materials necessary to complete the work are obtained in accordance with job requirements.

Learning Competency After going through the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Explain the importance of service manual and electronic diagrams in assembling, installing, and
servicing electronic products.
2. Identify electronic components in a given electronic diagram.
3. Prepare components lay out plan based from the schematic diagram of the circuit.
Discussion/Notes:
I. Service Manual
This is also known as workshop manual, instructional manual, shop manual or repair manual which
is provided by the manufacturer or other publisher. It provides service procedures, troubleshooting and
diagnosis, and specifications for a particular product. In order to understand the operation of the unit, a
detailed instructions and multiple diagrams showing the parts are also included.
Service personnel before doing installation or repair must have a knowledge on the operations and
function of the parts of electronic product. This service manual is of a great help especially for a beginner.

Sample image of Service Manual

II. Electronic Diagrams
These drawings use standard symbols that allow electronic learners, designers, technicians, and
engineers to quickly understand how a circuit is constructed, what function it performs, and how to
troubleshoot the equipment. Schematics are also sometimes called prints or blueprints in electronic
works. Each electrical component has a universally recognized symbol, and schematic drawings typically to
show the connections between the components. As you learn how the different types of components can
be connected, you’ll begin to recognize common circuit configurations that occur repeatedly in many
different types of electrical equipment. Knowing these circuit conventions and configurations will help you
quickly spot likely problems based on the type of equipment and the symptoms you observe. You’ll also
know how circuits can be modified to alter their function, add capabilities, or improve their behavior.
Electronic technicians are often called on to install and maintain hundreds of different types of
devices. As these devices have grown in variety and complexity, a system of symbols and conventions
evolved to describe the circuits in a shorthand method of documentation. This allows engineers, designers,
and technicians to understand how the circuits that make up a device work, and how its components
connect with each other. Although the schematic diagram is the most common document for this function,
there are also block diagrams and wiring diagrams. Each of these documents has a unique function in
describing the circuit to aid in understanding and troubleshooting.
34
Sample Diagrams of Rechargeable and Electronic Controlled Lighting Unit
A. Sample Design of Rechargeable LED Light Circuit

1. Schematic Diagram:

Components Part list

Quantity Unit Electronic Component Part Number/Value

1 piece Capacitor
C1 (Electrolytic type) 470uf/16v.
7 pieces Rectifier Diode
D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 1N4007
D7 1N5333
4 pieces Resistor (all are ¼ W unless otherwise specified)
R1 1 kilo ohm
R2 1 kilo ohm
R3 330 ohms
R4 330 ohms
6 pieces Light Emitting Diode (LED)
L1 LED5MM(Green)
L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 LED5MM(White/Super Bright)
1 piece Relay
K2 G5L 12v.,SPDT(Common, Normally
Closed/Connected),6A.
1 piece Power Transformer 220v. prim., 0-12v. sec., 500mA
1 piece Power Switch Single Pole, Single Throw (SPST)
1 piece Rechargeable Battery Li-Ion battery with nominal voltage of 3.7
v. Standard capacity is 1950mAh

35
B. Sample Design of Light Activated Sensor Circuit
1. Schematic Diagram:

Components Part list

Quantity Unit Electronic Component Part Number/Value

3 pieces Resistor (all are ¼ W unless otherwise specified)

R1 1 kilo ohm
R2 330 ohms
R3 LDR
1 piece Rectifier Diode
D1 IN4001
2 pieces Transistor
Q1 & Q2 BC547
1 piece Relay 6v SPST/ 12 amps. relay
1 piece Light bulb with socket 220v. AC /10 watts light bulb
4 pieces Battery (size AAA) 1.5 volts each ( 4 x 1.5= 6 volts)

2. Components Lay out Plan:

Note: Capacitor 470 Mf/16V, Diode 1N 4001, and transformer are not included in the schematic diagram,
they are intended for the power supply of this circuit instead of using a 6 volts battery.

Revised Components Part list

Quantity Unit Electronic Component Part Number/Value
3 pieces Resistor (all are ¼ W unless otherwise specified)
R1 1 kilo ohm
R2 330 ohms
R3 LDR
2 pieces Rectifier Diode
D1 & D2 IN4001
1 piece Capacitor
C1(Electrolytic type) 470 uF/16v.

36
 2 pieces Transistor
Q1 & Q2 BC147
1 piece Relay 6v SPST/ 12 amp. relay
1 piece Lightbulb with socket 220v. AC /10 watts light bulb
1 piece Transformer 220v. primary/0-6v. secondary 200mA

C. Sample Design of Light Dimmer Control Circuit

1. Schematic Diagram:

Components Part list

Quantity Unit Electronic Component Part Number/Value
4 pieces Resistor (all are ¼ W unless otherwise specified)
R1 1 kilo ohm
R2 100 kilo ohm (trim pot.)
R3 1 kilo ohm/1W
R4 100 ohms
3 pieces Capacitor
C1(Ceramic type) 0.05 uF/ 1kv
C2(Ceramic type) 0.1 uF/ 1kv
C3(Polyester type) 0.1 uF/ 1kv
1 piece T1 (TRIAC) BT136
1 piece D1 (DIAC) DB3202
1 piece Lightbulb with socket 220v. AC LED Bulb
1 piece Line fuse with holder 2A. mini fuse

2. Components Lay out Plan:

References:
TESDA-Competency Based Learning Materials in Electronic Products Assembly and Servicing(EPAS).
https://the repair manual.com/
https://www.workforcedevelopment.com/pdf/sample/Sample-Lesson-Understanding-and-Using-Electronic-
Diagrams.
https./research.net/publication/ (PDF)Automatic LED Emergency Light by Vatsal N Shah
https://www.electronicshub.org/light-sensors/Feb. 2, 2015
www.slideshare.net/light-dimmer-circuit-using-diac and triac
37
 TLE-EPAS 10
LESSON 4/ WEEK 4
Read Me First
Instructions:
1. Read and understand the content of the Information Sheet from page 1 to 4.
2. Accomplish all the activities in this Activity Sheet from page 5 to 9. Answer all items in every activity,
don’t leave any part unanswered.
3. Submit the Activity Sheets for purpose of recording your scores. Keep the Information Sheet or the
discussion part as your reviewer and for your references in the succeeding lessons.

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Student Name: Grade Level/Section:

What’s More
Activity 1: “Make A List”
Directions: From the schematic diagram below, complete its components part list table to determine how
many electronic components are used in the circuit that will serve as a basis when assembling the project.

Diagram of Rechargeable Emergency Light

Components Part List
Qty. Unit Electronic Component Part Number/Value

38
 What I Have Learned
Activity 2: “Sum It Up”
Directions: Share your ideas related to the lesson by answering the following questions.

1. What is the difference of service manual from any other kind of book?

2. What are the different types of electronic diagrams?

3. How important are the service manual and electronic diagrams in doing electronic works?

What I Can Do

Activity 3: “Create My Design”

Directions: In the Performance Task worksheet, redraw the components lay out plan of a Light sensor
circuit and position the components’ symbols according to their proper place as shown in the schematic
diagram.

Materials Needed:
-Pencil
-Ruler
-Pen
-Eraser

Schematic Diagram of Light Activated Sensor Circuit

39
Components Lay out/PCB Foil Pattern

Note: The Diode 1N4001, Capacitor 470Uf/16v. and transformer are included in the lay out plan in
replacement of the 6v. battery as the power supply of the circuit. To start this activity, Resistor 2, Resistor 3
and relay were already placed in the lay out plan. Position the remaining electronic components found in
the schematic diagram to complete its PCB
component lay out.
“Create My Design”
Performance Task
Name: Score:
Year & Section: Date:
Components Lay out/PCB Foil Pattern of Light Sensor Circuit:

40
SCORING RUBRICS
Accuracy SCORE
Complete design and components’ symbol with labels. 10
With only one (1) symbol missing/incorrect placement/incorrect label 8
With two (2) symbols missing/incorrect placement/incorrect label 6
With three (3) symbols missing/ incorrect placement/incorrect label 4
With four (4) symbols missing/ incorrect placement/incorrect label 2
No drawing. 0
Neatness
Component’s symbol properly drawn/legible components label /precise foil lay out 10
With one symbol not properly drawn/illegible component label/incorrect foil lay out 8
With 2 symbol not drawn properly /illegible component label/incorrect foil lay out 6
With 3 symbol not drawn properly /illegible component label/incorrect foil lay out 4
With 4 symbol not drawn properly /illegible component label/incorrect foil lay out 2

Post Assessment
(This part has been removed)

41
 Answer Key

What’s More Post Assessment

6 pieces Resistor
R1= 1KΩ The teacher will do the checking.
R2= 1KΩ
R3= 680 Ω
R4= 1KΩ
R5= 22Ω
R6= 2Ω/2W
3 pieces Diode
D1= 1N4007
D2= 1N4007
6 pieces Transistor
Q1= BC548
Q2= SL100
Q3= 2N3055
1 piece Transformer
220v. primary, 0-9v. secondary, 1 ampere
1 piece Rechargeable Battery
6 volts
1 piece Bulb
6 volts,25W

42
 TLE-EPAS 10
Quarter 1/ Week 5
Lesson
5 Assembling An Electronic Circuit

Learning Competency: Install consumer electronic products and systems (TLE- IAEPAS9-12SCEP-DEARE-IVa-b-42)
LO 2: Assemble/Install electronic products and systems in accordance with manufacturer’s
instruction, requirements, and without damage to surrounding place or environment.

Learning Competency: After going through the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Discuss the importance of following proper procedures and safety practices in assembling
electronic circuit.
2. Analyze the sequence in assembling an electronic circuit.
3. Design components layout plan based on a given schematic diagram.

Discussion/Notes:
The heart of electronics is building things. One of the reasons for learning electronic theory is so
that you can practice the art by actually building circuits and putting them to use. This lesson contains
information that you should bear in mind while putting into practice what you are learning in electronics
such as doing assembly, installation and repair of electronic devices.
The success in assembling an electronic products depend on good planning and determination to
complete it. These are the predictable sequence of steps that you need to follow:

1. Decide what you want to build.

Before you can design or build an electronic project, you must have a solid idea in mind for what
you expect the project to do, what you want it to look like, and how human beings will interact with it.

Image of a learner analyzing a circuit in front of a computer

2. Design the circuit.
Once you’ve settled on what you want to build, you need to design an electronic circuit that gets the
job done. The end result of this step is a schematic diagram.

Sample diagram of electronic controlled lighting using LDR

43
3. Build a prototype.
Before you invest the time and materials needed to build a permanent circuit, it’s a good idea to first
build a prototype, which lets you quickly test the circuit to make sure it works. Usually, you build the
prototype on a solderless breadboard.

Image of automatic night lamp using LDR as a sensor installed in a breadboard

4. Build a permanent circuit.
Once your prototype is working, you can build a permanent version of the circuit. Usually, you build
the permanent version by soldering components onto a printed circuit board (PCB).

5. Finish the project.

To finish the project, you mount the circuit board along with any other necessary components such
as power supply, switches, etc. in a suitable enclosure.

Safety Precautions To Take When Working With Electronic Equipment

Before start dealing with any electronic devices you should always remember “Safety First” since
working with electricity comes with huge risks that should never be taken lightly. If you’re a hobbyist who
loves working with electronic components at your workplace, safety should always come first.
To avoid personal injury, possible damage to equipment or danger of fire, all work on electronic
equipment should be conducted following these safety procedures.
I. General Safety
Before working on any electronics, consider following these basic safety precautions to help reduce
any hazards:
1. Remove any electronic equipment you’re testing or working on from the power source.
2. Never assume the power circuit is off. Always test the circuit with a voltmeter to confirm.
3. Don’t connect power source to a circuit until you’re done working on it and rechecked the work.
4. Always use the right electronics repair and maintenance handtools and equipment.
44
II. Personal Safety
 It’s important to ensure that you’re safe when working on electronic circuits. Here are some
personal safety precautions to keep in mind:
1. Always keep your work area dry.
2. Always work in a well-ventilated area.
3. Don’t work with metallic jewelry on your hands like watches, rings and bracelets.
4. Don’t use bare hands to remove hot parts.
5. Don’t hold the metal part of test prods of the VOM tester when measuring AC voltage DC.
6. Always wear safety goggles and other PPEs appropriate to the work.
7. Be careful when handling large capacitors as they can still hold high voltage even after you’ve
disconnected the circuit from power.
8. Don’t take chances doing what you’re not sure about. Seek assistance of a person who is
knowledgeable and competent to the job.

III. Fire Safety Precautions

When working with electronic devices, there is often a risk of fire caused by a short circuit or other
reason. Follow these precautionary steps:
1. Avoid anything that would cause a fire around your working area like paper, cloth or other combustible
materials.
2. Look out for damaged wire insulation, overheating of electronic equipment, damaged circuit boards and
corrosive components like batteries.
3. If there is a burning smell on your electronic equipment, disconnect the power source immediately.
4. Always check your circuit to be sure that everything is okay after repairs or maintenance before
connecting power.

IV. Electric Shock Precautions

One of the major hazards when working with electronic equipment is electric shock. To avoid this,
you should take these few safety precautions:
1. Always read safety procedures that come with every electronic equipment you’re about to work on.
2. Recheck all wires for bad connections.
3. Always make sure that all parts of electronic equipment are well-mounted to prevent accidents.
4. Keep electronic equipment away from water and other liquids.
5. Use special safety rubber gloves and shoes.

Guidelines In Assembling and Testing Electronic Circuits

1. Before you start installing or assembling circuits, you need to have knowledge about the electronic
circuit.
2. Use appropriate sources to obtain the required specifications, circuit diagrams, component assembly and
test information.
3. You need to obtain the correct tools and equipment for the assembly and test operations, and check that
they are in a safe and usable condition.
4. Apply appropriate methods and techniques to assemble the components in their correct positions.
5. Assemble and secure the components, using the specified connectors, securing devices and soldering
techniques.
6. Wire and terminate cables to the appropriate connections on the circuit boards
7. Use appropriate test methods and equipment to check that the completed assembly is safe and meets all
aspects of the specification.
8. Deal promptly and effectively with problems within your control, and seek help and guidance from the
relevant people if you have problems that you cannot resolve.
9. Dispose properly waste materials and clean your workplace.
-Leave the work area in a safe and tidy condition upon completion of work.

References:
TESDA-Competency Based Learning Materials in Electronic Products Assembly and Servicing(EPAS).
https://www.dummies.com/programming/electronics/the-process-of-building-an-electronic-project
http://www.blog4safety.com/safety-precautions-to-take-when-working-with-electronic-equipment
https://www.ukstandards.org.uk/PublishedNos/Assembling-and-testing-electronic-circuits-SEMPEO236.pdf
https://www.google.com/search?q=images+of+night+circuit+in+a+breadboard&tbm

45
TLE-EPAS 10
 LESSON 5/ WEEK 5
Read Me First
Instructions:
1. Read and understand the content of the Information Sheet from page 1 to 3.
2. Accomplish all the activities in this Activity Sheet from page 5 to 8. Make sure to answer all items in
every activity. You check your answers in some of the activities using the Answer Key on page 4.
3. Submit the Activity Sheet for purpose of checking your outputs and recording the scores. Keep the
Information Sheet or the discussion part as your reviewer and reference in the succeeding lessons.

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Student Name: Grade Level/Section:

What’s More
Activity 1. “What’s Next?”
Directions: Below are the scrambled steps on how to assemble electronic project. Arrange them from first
until the last step by writing letter a to i. Write the letter on the space provided before each number.
______1. Recheck wiring and component connections and test the functionality of the project.
______2. Bore holes for the components in the printed circuit board (PCB).
______3. Design components lay out based from the schematic diagram.
______4. Etch the printed circuit board using ferric chloride.
______5. Transfer the foil pattern design in a permanent circuit board.
______6. Decide what electronic circuit you want to assemble and prepare the needed
materials.
______7. Mount and solder all the electronic components in the PCB.
______8. Install the electrical wirings, switch, and power supply of the circuit.

What I Have Learned

Activity 2. “Sum It Up”
Direction: With the knowledge that you have acquired from the lesson, share your ideas by answering the
following questions.

1. Give at least two (2) behaviors that you need to exercise to be able to successfully build a functional
electronic project. Why do you think these are important? (4pts)

2. Enumerate at least three (3) possible hazards that an electronic hobbyist may encounter if not following
safety practices in the workplace? How can this be avoided? (6 pts.)

46
What I Can Do
Activity 4: “Make My Circuit”
Directions: From the schematic diagram of a light dimmer control circuit below, complete the unfinished
PCB components lay out plan by positioning the electronic components in their proper place. Always
indicate the part number or value of every component. The lamp/bulb and fuse were already drawn in the
lay out plan. Redraw the components lay out plan with components electronic symbol and parts
number/value in the Performance Task worksheet for your final output.

Materials Needed:
-Pencil
-Ruler
-Pen
-Eraser

Schematic Diagram

Components Lay out Plan

47
“Make My Circuit”
Performance Task
 Components Lay out/PCB Foil Pattern of Light Dimmer Circuit:

Criteria Ratin
g
Accuracy
Neatness
Speed N/A
Total

SCORING RUBRICS
Accuracy SCORE
Complete design and components’ symbol with labels. 10
With only one (1) symbol missing/incorrect placement/incorrect label 8
With two (2) symbols missing/incorrect placement/incorrect label 6
With three (3) symbols missing/ incorrect placement/incorrect label 4
With four (4) symbols missing/ incorrect placement/incorrect label 2
No drawing. 0
Neatness
Component’s symbol properly drawn/legible components label /precise foil lay out 10
With one symbol not properly drawn/illegible component label/incorrect foil lay out 8
With 2 symbol not drawn properly /illegible component label/incorrect foil lay out 6
With 3 symbol not drawn properly /illegible component label/incorrect foil lay out 4
With 4 symbol not drawn properly /illegible component label/incorrect foil lay out 2

48
 Post Assessment
(This part has been removed)

49
 Answer Key

What’s More Post Assessment

1. i
2. e 1. c
3. b 2. d
4. d 3. a
5. c 4. d
6. a 5. d
7. f 6. b
8. g 7. b
8. c
9. b
10. a
11. b
12. c
13. d
14. a
15. b

50
 TLE-EPAS 10
Quarter 1/ Week 6
Lesson
6 Troubleshooting Guides and Techniques

Learning Competency: Diagnose faults/defects of consumer electronic products and systems (TLE-
AEPAS9-12SCEP-DEARE-IVf-h-44)
LO: Identify system defects/faults symptoms using appropriate tools and equipment &
troubleshooting techniques in accordance with safety procedures

Learning Competency: After going through the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Explain the importance of a good troubleshooting techniques in diagnosing faults of
electronic devices.
2. Determine possible defects of rechargeable and electronically controlled lighting unit in a
given situation.
3. Identify appropriate handtools and equipment needed in troubleshooting.
4. Create a flow chart illustrating a troubleshooting techniques.

Discussion:
One thing that should be understood in the field of electronic is that it’s not a hundred percent all the
time that a circuit or device is functional once assembled or installed. This often challenge your mind and
that’s how troubleshooting comes in.
This lesson covers basic troubleshooting techniques as guide for beginners. If you keep on doing
electronic related works like assembling and servicing, you will encounter more electronic circuit troubles
and component’s faults. Be calm and try to recall those theories that you learned, apply them and you will
discover how to isolate and solve circuit problems. The experiences in dealing with electronic circuits will
eventually lead you to become competent in this field of specialization.

Troubleshooting Guide Chart

I. Rechargeable Lighting Unit
Troubles Possible Causes Inspection To Be Made Possible Remedies
Unit indicates no Defective AC cord Test the continuity of AC Repair/replace defective
power during power cord using ohmmeter power cord
charging tester
Defective main Test the continuity of switch Repair/replace defective
power switch using ohmmeter tester power switch
Blown fuse Test the continuity of the fuse Replace blown fuse with
using ohmmeter tester same rating
AC-DC power Measure DC output of the Replace defective
charger circuit power charger circuit using component(s) with same
problem voltmeter. If no output values or specifications
voltage, test each component
of the circuit.
Unit doesn’t light Busted LEDs or Test LEDs or bulbs using Replace busted LEDs or
after charging bulbs ohmmeter tester bulbs
Defective power Test the continuity of power Replace defective power
switch/ relay switch/relay using ohmmeter switch/relay
tester
Defective/dead Test battery to determine if it Replace defective battery
rechargeable produces enough voltage and
battery current using voltmeter and
ammeter
Unit easily Defective/weak Test battery to determine if it Replace defective battery
discharge rechargeable produces enough voltage and
battery current using voltmeter and
ammeter

51
 Rechargeable Faulty components Measure DC output of the Replace defective
battery could not in the DC power power charger circuit using component(s) with same
be charged charger circuit voltmeter. If no output voltage value or specification
or lesser than normal, test the
components in the circuit
(step down transformer,
rectifier diodes, capacitor,
resistor) using VOM tester to
isolate faulty part.
Faulty components Test the relay and other Replace defective
in the relay circuit components in the circuit component(s) with same
using ohmmeter tester value or specification
Loose connections Inspect circuit board for Resolder the components’
in the circuit board possible loose connections, leads and wiring
cracks, or broken foil. connections
Defective Check the battery Replace defective battery
rechargeable with the same specifications
battery

II. Electronic Controlled Lighting Unit

A. Automatic Night Light

Troubles Possible Causes Inspection To Be Made Possible Remedies
Unit indicates no Defective power Test continuity of AC power Repair/replace defective
power cord cord using ohmmeter tester power cord
Blown line fuse Test continuity of the fuse Replace blown fuse with
using ohmmeter tester same rating
Problem in the Measure DC output of the Replace defective
power supply of power supply circuit using component(s) with same
electronic control voltmeter. If no output values or specifications
circuit voltage, test each component
of the circuit.
The load (LED Busted LEDs or Test LEDs or bulbs using Replace busted LEDs or
bulb) doesn’t bulbs ohmmeter tester bulbs
switch ON Defective switch Test continuity of switch relay Replace defective switch
automatically relay (if used in the using ohmmeter tester relay
circuit)
Problem in the Test all the components in Replace defective electronic
electronic control the circuit like resistors, component with the same
circuit capacitors, diodes, value or specifications
transistors and sensor used
(like LDR, Photodiode, PIR)
using VOM tester
Poor solder/ loose Resolder all components’
connections in the circuit lead and wirings.
The load (LED Defective switch Test continuity of switch relay Replace defective switch
bulb) doesn’t relay (if used in the using ohmmeter tester relay
switch OFF circuit)
automatically Problem in the Test all the components in Replace defective electronic
electronic control the circuit like resistors, component with the same
circuit capacitors, diodes, value or specifications
transistors and sensor used
(like LDR, Photodiode, PIR)
using VOM tester
Poor solder/ loose Resolder all components’
connections in the circuit lead and wirings.

52
B. Light Dimmer
Troubles Possible Causes Inspection To Be Made Possible Remedies
Circuit indicates no Defective power cord Test continuity of AC Repair/replace defective
power power cord using power cord
ohmmeter tester
Blown line fuse Test continuity of the fuse Replace blown fuse with
using ohmmeter tester same rating
Problem in the power Measure DC output of the Replace defective
supply of electronic power supply circuit using component(s) with same
control circuit voltmeter. If no output values or specifications
voltage, test each
component of the circuit.
The load (LED Busted LEDs or bulbs Test LEDs or bulbs using Replace busted LEDs or
bulb) doesn’t light ohmmeter tester bulbs
Problem in the dimmer Test all the components Replace defective electronic
control circuit in the circuit like resistors, component with the same
capacitors, diodes, DIAC, value or specifications
TRIAC
Poor solder/ loose Resolder all components’
connections in the circuit lead and wirings.
The luminance or Defective DIAC and Test the component using Replace defective
brightness of light TRIAC ohmmeter tester component with the same
bulb cannot be part number/specifications
controlled Defective Test the component using Replace defective electronic
potentiometer (variable ohmmeter tester component with the same
resistor) value

Troubleshooting Techniques
Troubleshooting is the process of isolating and correcting a problem in malfunctioning equipment so
that it returns to its expected performance level. The process of troubleshooting requires a systematic fault
finding approach. Whenever a fault occurs, two things can happen:
1.1. The equipment does not work at all
1.2. The equipment works abnormally
2.1. The second type of fault can be further sub-divided into:
-Constant error or malfunctioning (exceeding absolute maximum rating)
-Intermittent errors
The Five Systematic Troubleshooting Approach
Step 1: Observe/sensory method
-Use your senses (Look, Listen, Smell, Touch)
Step 2: Define problem area
-Starting with the whole circuit as the problem area, take each noted observation and ask, “What
does this tell me about the circuit operation?”
- If an observation indicates that a section of the circuit appears to be operating properly, then
eliminate it from the problem area.
Step 3: Identify possible/probable causes
- It is necessary to identify all the possible causes of the malfunction and include every component
in the problem area(s).
-Create a list of every fault that could be the source of the problem, no matter how remote the
possibility of it occurring.
-Rely on your observations to assist with this.
Step 4: Test
-There are many types of test instruments used for troubleshooting. Some tools are specialized
instruments designed to measure various behaviors of specific equipment. Others, like the
multimeter, are general and can be used on most electrical equipment.
• You should always predict what the meter will read before taking the test.
• Ask yourself, “What does it mean if the testing results are different than predicted?”
-The nature of the problem area and the structure of the circuit often play a part in determining the
location to test.
53
Step 5: Repair/replace and confirm
-After the component is replaced, be sure to test operate all features of the circuit to be sure you
have replaced the proper component and that there are no other faults in the circuit.
Follow up
-When the device has been repaired and back in service, determine the reason for the malfunction.
• Did the component fail due to age?
• Did the environment the equipment operates in cause excessive corrosion?
• Are there wear points that caused the wiring to short out?
• Did it fail due to improper use?
• Is there a design flaw that causes the same component to fail repeatedly?

Flow Chart Of The Systematic Troubleshooting Approach

Receive request and prepare to

troubleshoot electronic product

Gather information and list observation

Yes

Define problem area No Are there new observations?

Identify possible causes

Is there an obvious probable cause? No Test to reduce problem area

Yes

Test probable cause

No Is suspect component faulty?

Yes

Replace component
and test operate the system

No Does the system/appliance operate correctly?

Yes

Return equipment to service

and follow up to determine cause

References:

TESDA-Competency Based Learning Materials in Electronic Products Assembly and Servicing(EPAS).

https://www.simutechmultimedia.com/wp-content/uploads/Troubleshooting-Skills-Training-System-5-
Step-Approach-Poster.pdf
https://www.eit.edu.au/cms/resources/books/practical-troubleshooting-of-electronic-circuitsfor-engineers-
and-technicians
54
 TLE-EPAS 10
LESSON 6/ WEEK 6
Read Me First
Instructions:
1. Read and understand the content of the Information Sheet from page 1 to 4.
2. Accomplish all the activities in this Activity Sheet from page 5 to 7. Make sure to answer all items in
every activity. Check your answers in some of the activities using the Answer Key on page 8.
3. Submit the Activity Sheet for purpose of checking your outputs and recording the scores. Keep the
Information Sheet or the discussion part as your reviewer and reference in the succeeding lessons.

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Student Name: Grade Level/Section:

What’s More
Activity 1. “Find My Defect”
Direction: Read and understand the situation and analyze the given diagram. Complete the service guide.

1. A rechargeable flashlight was brought to the electronic shop for repair. The device indicates no input
power once plugged in to a 220 power source during charging. Using its schematic diagram try to analyze
the possible faulty components that need to be checked. After analyzing, complete the table below the
schematic diagram.

This LED power indicator doesn’t light during charging period,

indicating no current flowing in the circuit.
Table 1: Service Guide
Possible Faulty Parts/ Components
Device: Rechargeable Light Handtools, Equipment and to be checked
Trouble: Unit doesn’t charge Materials for Troubleshooting (indicate component’s/part number if available in
the schematic diagram)

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.
55
 What I Have Learned
Activity 2. “Sharing of Ideas”
Direction: With the information that you have studied, share your opinions by answering these questions:

1. What potential or ability you possess that is helpful in troubleshooting electronic products? (4 points)

2. Why is troubleshooting techniques so important in analyzing electronic circuit problems? (6 points)

What I Can Do
Activity 3. A Performance Task: “Chart The Techniques”
Direction: Create your own drawing design showing a flow chart of the troubleshooting approach found on
page 5 as your basis. You may use separate bond paper if the space provided is not enough.

Flow Chart Of Troubleshooting Approach

56