Types of paints:The brief descriptions of different types of paints are given below.
(1) Aluminium paint:Very finely ground aluminium is suspended in either quick-
drying spirit varnish or slow-drying oil varnish as per requirement. The spirit or oil
evaporates and a thin metallic.film of aluminium is formed on the surface.
Advantages of an aluminium paint are as follows:(i) It is visible in darkness.(ii) It
resists heat to a certain degree.(ii) Surfaces of iron and steel are better protected
from corrosion by this paint than any other paint.(iv) t possesses a high covering
capacity. A litre of It paint can cover an area of about 200 m².(v) It gives good
appearance to the surface.(vi) It is impervious to moisture.(vii) It possesses high
electrical resistance.The aluminium paint is widely used for painting gas tanks, hot
water pipes, marine piers, oil storage tanks, radiators, etc.(2) Anticorrosive paint:
This paint essentially consists of oil and a strong drier. A pigment such as
chromium oxide, lead, red lead or zinc chrome is taken and after mixing it with
very fine sand, it added to the anticorrosive paint are as follows: paint. some
quantity of Advantages of an(i) It is cheap.(ii) It lasts for a long duration.(iii) The
appearance of the paint is black.(3) Asbestos paint:This is a peculiar type of paint
and it is applied on the surfaces which are exposed to acidic gases and steam.(4)
Bituminous paint:This paint is prepared by dissolving asphalt or mineral pitches
or vegetable bitumen in any type of oil or petroleum. A variety of bituminous
paints is available. The paint pre- sents a black appearance and it is used for
painting ironwork under water.(5) Cellulose paint: This paint is prepared from
nitro-cotton, prepar celluloid sheets, sheets, photographic films, etc. An ordinary
paint hardens by oxi- dation. A cellulose paint hardens by evaporation of thinning
agent. It thus hardens quickly. It is little more costly, but it presents a flexible,
hard and smooth surface. Also, the surface painted with cellulose paint can be
washed and easily cleaned. The cellulose paint is not affected by contact with hot
water and the surface can stand extreme degrees of cold and heat.(6) Cement
paint:This paint consists of white cement, pigment, accelerator and other
additives. It is available in dry powder form. Cement paint is available in variety of
shades and it exhibits excellent de decorative appearance. It is water-proof and
durable. It proves to be useful for surfaces which are damp at the time of painting
or are likely to become damp after painting. For external finish, on cement-
plastered walls, it is mixed with water immediately before its application. It is
desirable to provide cement paint on rough surface rather than on smooth
surface because its adhesion power is poor smoothly finished surface. For
painting surfaces like corrugated iron sheets, etc., cement paint is mixed with
boiled linseed oil. The mixture is constantly stirred during use.(7) (Colloidal
paint:No inert material is mixed in this type of paint. It requires more time to
settle and in the process of settlement, it penetrates through the surface. It may
be used for interior as well exterior walls. (8) Emulsion paint: A variety of
emulsion paints is available. It contains binding materials such as polyvinyl
acetate, synthetic resins, etc. This paint is easy to apply and it dries quickly in
about 11 to 2 hours. The colour of the paint is retained for a long period and the
surface of paint is tough and it can be cleanedby washing with water. There is
absence of odour and the paint possesses excellent alkali resistance. The
application of emulsion paint can be carried out either by brush or spray gu gun.
For long service life, it is recommended to apply two coats of emulsion paint. For
rough cement plastered surface, a thin coat of cement paint may first be applied
to smoothen the surface. It is necessary to have a sound surface to receive the
emulsion paint.(9) Enamel paint:This paint is available in different colours. It
contains white lead or zinc white, oil, petroleum spirit and resinous matter. It
dries slowly and forms a hard and durable surface. The surface provided with this
paint is not affected by acids, alkalies, fumes of gas gas, hot and cold water,
steam, etc. It can be used for both internal and external walls. In order to improve
the appearance, it is desirable to apply a coat of tita- nium white in pale linseed
oil before the coat of cnamel paint. (10) Graphite paint: The paint presents a
black colour and it is applied on iron surfaces which come in contact with
ammonia, chlorine, sulphur gases, etc. It is also used in mines and underground
railways.(11) Inodorous paint: No turpentine is used in this paint, but white lead
or zinc white is mixed with methylated spirit. White lead or zinc white is well
ground in oil. Shellac with some quantity of linseed oil and castor oil is dissolved
in methylated spirit.
(12) Luminous paint: This paint contains calcium sulphide with varnish. The
surface on which luminous paint is applied shines like radium dials of watches
after the source of light has been cut off. The paint should be applied on surfaces
which are free from corro- sion or any other lead paint.(13) Oil paint: This is the
ordinary paint and it is generally applied in three coats of varying composition.
They are respectively termed as primes, undercoats and finishing coats. This paint
is cheap and easy to apply and it possesses good opacity and low gloss. It should
be remembered that oil paint should not be applied during humid and damp
weather. The presence of dampness on wall surface also considerably affects the
life of oil paint coating. It is advisable to redecorate the surfaces finished with oil
paint with a coating of fresh oil paint only. The layer of old oil paint serves as a
foundation for fresh paint.(14) Plastic paint: This paint contains the necessary
variety of plastics and it is available in the market under different trade names.
The application of plastic paint can be done either by brush painting or spray
painting. This paint possesses pleasing appearance and it is attractive in colour.
This paint is widely used for show rooms, auditoriums, etc. (15) Silicate paint: This
paint is prepared by mixing calcined and finely ground silica with resinous
substances. The paint when dried forms a hard surface and it is durable. It can
stand extreme heat and it adheres firmly to brickwork also. It is not affected by
alkalies. No chemical action takes place on metals by this paint. Drier used with
this paint should be of a special silicate drier type. Silicate paint can directly be
applied on brick, plaster or concrete surfaces. These surfaces should be made wet
before the paint is applied. Two or three coats of silicate paint are recommended
and it is not necessary to have a priming coat. The tool which is used to apply
silicate paint should be immediately cleaned with water after use. The surfaces
should not be painted with silicate paint in hot weather.16) Synthetic rubber
paint: This paint is prepared from resins. It has the following advantages:(1) It
offers good resistance to water and is not affected by heavy rains.( (iii) A uniform
colour is maintained when this paint is. ii) It dries quickly. (iv) It is little affected by
weather and sunlight. applied on the surface.(v) It can be applied on surfaces
which may not be .
