Explain the difference between:
(a) Encode and Decoder
The main difference between encoding and decoding is that
encoding converts information into a coded format, while
decoding converts the coded format back into the original
information:
Encoding
The process of converting information into a coded format
for storage or transmission. For example, encoding raw
video into a digital format for delivery. Encoders are used
in applications like video encoding and emails.
Decoding
The process of converting a coded format back into the
original information. For example, decoding an analog
signal, like a television broadcast, into digital data.
Decoders are used in devices like televisions, radios,
computers, cell phones, and walkie-talkies.
(b) Multiplexer and De-Multiplexer
The main difference between a multiplexer (MUX) and a
demultiplexer (DEMUX) is that a multiplexer combines
multiple inputs into a single output, while a demultiplexer
splits a single input into multiple outputs:
Multiplexer
A multiplexer is a data selector that combines multiple
inputs into a single output. Multiplexers are used in
telephone networking, computer memory, communication
systems, and GPS satellites.
Demultiplexer
A demultiplexer is a data distributor that splits a single
input into multiple outputs. Demultiplexers are used in
communication systems, aligning parallel converters, and
storing the output of the Arithmetic Logic Unit in several
registers.
Explain about decimal to BCD encoder and
draw the logical diagram.
simple decimal-to-BCD encoder is a digital circuit that has 10
input lines and 4 output lines. The inputs represent the 10
decimal numbers from 0 to 9, where only one input can be
active. The outputs indicate the BCD code that represents the
active input
Truth Table
Input Output
D C B A
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1
A = 1+3+5+7+9
B = 2+3+6+7
C = 4+5+6+7
D = 8+9
Logical Diagram
Describe about 4:1 multiplexer and draw the
logical diagram using logical gates.
4x1 Multiplexer has four data inputs D0, D1, D2 & D3, two
selection lines S0 & S1 and one output Y. The block diagram of
4x1 Multiplexer is shown in the following figure. One of these
4 inputs will be connected to the output based on the
combination of inputs present at these two selection lines.
Logical Diagram
List at least five practical applications of
combinational circuits in real-life systems
and explain their functionality.
Combinational circuits are digital logic circuits that perform
operations on data in many electronic devices. Here are some
practical applications of combinational circuits:
Computers and calculators: Perform arithmetic
operations and logic functions.
Data processors: Execute logical operations and control
tasks.
Communication systems: Facilitate data transmission and
handle error detection and correction.
Consumer electronics: Used for data processing and
control tasks in TVs, smartphones, and digital cameras.
Industrial control systems: Regulate processes and
manage data in control systems
Design a circuit that converts binary number to
its Gray code equivalent. Include a truth table,
Boolean equations, and simulation results.
Truth Table For Binary To Gray
Input Output
B3 B2 B1 B0 G3 G2 G1 G0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
BOOLEAN EXPRESSION FOR ABOVE TRUTH TABLE :
Y=B0⊕B1+B1⊕B2+B2⊕B3+B3
Logical Diagram
Create a circuit that outputs 1 when exactly
two inputs out of three (A, B, C) are high.
• Provide the truth table, logic equation
• Simulate the circuit using any digital electronics
simulator and attach the screenshots.
Truth Table
Input Output
A B C Y
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
Logical Equation
Y= A’BC+AB’C+ABC’
Logical Diagram
