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Lesson-7_Assessment-Task

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Cyrus Bautista
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MonCAS

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and


Technology

MIDTERM
Lesson 7
ACADEMIC RESEARCH AND THE
DOCUMENTED ESSAY IN THE TWENTY-
FIRST CENTURY
Learning Objectives:

1. know the characteristics of academic writing by reading excerpts


from academic papers;
2. write a paragraph using a register (language and style)
appropriate to the academic context;
3. know the principles and methods of and research in the twenty-
first century;
4. evaluate and select sources of information on a relevant topic;
5. organize bibliographic information from a variety of sources into a
sample reference list.

Abstraction

Academic Writing
- Refers to a student’s informed, scholarly, and insightful contribution to ongoing
discussions of relevant topics or issues.

Characteristics of Academic Writing


1. Specific and Clear Language
a) Academic writing should not sound pompous. Pompous language obscures meaning, as given in
this example:

Scintillate, scintillate, globule aurific


Fair would I fathom thy nature specific
Loftily perched in the ether capacious
MonCAS
Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and
Technology
Strongly resembling a gem carbonaceous.
(Rocco & Hatcher, 2011)

b) Academic writing should not be difficult to read because academic knowledge is meant to be
shared with others.
c) Student should aim for precise and appropriate language.

Words/phrases to avoid in academic writing:

1. ungrammatical or non-standard

2. colloquial (informal style or everyday language)

3. Bias and discriminating language

4. slang (not part of standard vocabulary)

5. technical specialized terms (jargon)


- For instance, when lawyers converse with each other, they use “legalese” such as
“bench trial” for trial without a jury and the Latin reclusion perpetua for life
imprisonment. Doctors communicate with one another using such medical terms and
shortcuts such as “CBC” for “complete blood count” and “stat” from the Latin statinum,
meaning immediately.
- At times there may be a need to include some technical terms. If this is the case,
definitions of these terms should be provided for readers unfamiliar with them.

6. Non-English Terms
- At other times, non-English terms may appear in the paper for purposes of discussion, in
which case, these should be italicized in quotation marks, as well as defined.
- Example:
“The expression pabebe, which refers to someone who is talking in a baby-like manner
in order to appear or sound cute, has recently risen in popularity.”
(“Pabebe” is explained, in absence of a direct translation via the underlined phrase.)

Informal/Non-Standard Usages More Formal/Precise Equivalents

INFORMAL ACCEPTABLE USAGES


 Alright  All right
 alot  a lot
 Discuss about  discuss
MonCAS
Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and
Technology
 Cope up with  cope with
 Result to  result in
CONTRACTIONS SPELL OUT
 Can’t  Cannot
 Won’t  Will not
 I’ll  I will
 She’s  She is
 Didn’t  Did not
ACRONYMS SPELLED OUT
 ASAP  As soon as possible
 BTW  By the way
 SOP  Standard operating procedure
ACRONYMS FOR INSTITUTIONS Spelled out, but later may be substituted
with acronyms
 CHED  Commission on Higher Education
 MonCAST  Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences
and Technology
 UP  University of the Philippines
 ADMU  Ateneo de Manila University

2. A Balance and Credible Voice


a) Academic writing should not be stiff or stifled and somber in tone.
b) Balanced, objective, and not overly emotional. This means doing away with emotive punctuation
marks like exclamation points, whether single (!) or multiple (!!!), and dramatic ellipses (…)
c) Emoticons do not have place in academic writings
d) Writer’s personality and personal reactions are more subdued in an academic paper because
the focus of the reader should be on the subject of the paper.
o Over use of expression such as “I think,” “I believe,” “I feel,” may clutter the paper
e) Student’s opinions, reactions, and analyses should build upon and be supported by other
people’s voices and opinions.
f) Many students believe that writing “I” in an essay is somehow wrong, but this not true for all
types of academic papers. In some disciplines, one has the choice of writing more formally
either using the third person point of view (example: “This researcher believes that”) or in what
Professor Lynn Bloom calls the “Middle Level” of language. The writer’s personality and
reactions are more subdued in an academic paper because the focus of the reader should be on
the subject of the paper.

3. Socially and Culturally Relevant Topics


a) Students are allowed to select their own topics within a more general area specified by
the teacher, the course, or the discipline
MonCAS
Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and
Technology
b) It is essential to consider such topics or research areas in light of their social and cultural
significance.
c) The following questions are helpful:
 Does their significance extend beyond the writer’s personal stake in them?
 Do they matter to larger contexts like one’s local community, the larger region, the
nation, a group of countries, the world?

DOCUMENTED ESSAY
- Documented essay is another term for “academic paper”

Documented paper emphasizes:

1. read and gather information from a variety of relevant sources on a chosen topic,
2. clearly acknowledge these supporting sources, and
3. add to scholarship by selecting, arranging, commenting on, or even debunking the information
from these sources.

Documented Essay versus Standard Essay

Similarities:
1. introduction
2. body
3. conclusion
Differences:

Standard Essay Documented Essay


Generally known More specified topics
facts
Personal experiences Relevant sources to
to support the topic support the topic

PLAGIARISM

- deadliest academic sin”

Plagiarism
- Is when you borrow someone else’s words and make these appears as your own.
MonCAS
Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and
Technology
Several ways of plagiarizing:

1. Word-for-word a sentence, a paragraph, a whole article, a section of a book, or different


sections of a long article or book written by another author and does not enclose the copied
words in quotation marks. “I forgot to put the quotation marks” is no excuse.

2. Second kind of plagiarism is when a person borrows someone else’s idea. This becomes
apparent when there is no attribution to the original author. There is no footnote or endnote to
acknowledge from whom he or she borrowed the idea/s.

3. The third kind of plagiarism is when a person translates to Filipino or other Philippine languages
someone else’s ideas that were expressed in English or other foreign languages and fails to
enclose the translated material in quotation marks.

POINTS TO REMEMBER IN WRITING DOCUMENTED ESSAY

1. General knowledge needs not to be documented


Ex. The world is round.
Rodrigo R. Duterte is the president of the Philippines.

AVOIDING PLAGIARISM and THE PRINCIPLES OF DOCUMENTATION

- Different disciplines (and professors) require different documentation styles. Some example
styles for referencing sources are American Psychological Association or APA, which emphasizes
the author and the date of a piece of work.
- Modern Language Association or MLA, is most often applied by the arts and humanities.

1. Attributions
- Is a reference to the author or title of the source and, if necessary, brief information relevant to
the discussion.

Ex: “According to Isaac Asimov, a well-known science fiction writer…”

“Norima Tamayo, a creative writing major of UP Diliman, says that…”

2. In- Text or Parenthetic Citation


- Consists of the author’s name and the page number of the borrowed material enclosed in
parentheses.

Ex: (Ventura 78) or (Delos Reyes 143)


MonCAS
Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and
Technology

For television shows, films or radio production, a shortened version of the title will suffice for
the parenthetic reference
Ex: (Like Water for Chocolate), (Death and Society)

3. Bibliographic Information
- Will appear in an alphabetically arranged list of works cited.
 Author’s name
 Title of the text
 Publication place
 Publisher
 Publication date
Ex:
Bryson, Bill. The Mother Tongue: English and How It Got That Way. New York: William Morrow and
Company, Inc. 1999. Print

Ventura, Eloisa P. On Your Own: Doing Research Without Plagiarizing. Quezon City: OVCRD, 1999. Print

Reference: Uychoco, Marikit Tara A & Santos, Maria Lorena (2018). Purposive Communication. Manila.
Rex Bookstore Inc. (2018)

(Read Lesson 1: Academic Research and the Documented Essay in the Twenty-First Century, pages 72-98,
to get the full discussion.)

Application

TASK 1: List down 50 ACRONYMS in a one whole yellow paper and write their corresponding meaning.

Sample: TESDA Meaning: Technical Education and Skills Development Autority

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