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Cryptography_and_its_Types

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15 views

Cryptography_and_its_Types

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2648manna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cryptography and its Types

Cryptography is a technique of securing communication by converting plain text into ciphertext. It


involves various algorithms and protocols to ensure data confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and
non-repudiation.

What is Cryptography?
Cryptography is a technique of securing information and communications through the use of codes so
that only those persons for whom the information is intended can understand and process it. Thus
preventing unauthorized access to information. The prefix “crypt” means “hidden” and the suffix
“graphy” means “writing”. In Cryptography, the techniques that are used to protect information are
obtained from mathematical concepts and a set of rule-based calculations known as algorithms to
convert messages in ways that make it hard to decode them. These algorithms are used for cryptographic
key generation, digital signing, and verification to protect data privacy, web browsing on the internet
and to protect confidential transactions such as credit card and debit card transactions.

Features of Cryptography:
 Confidentiality: Information can only be accessed by the person for whom it is intended and no
other person except him can access it.
 Integrity: Information cannot be modified in storage or transition between sender and intended
receiver without any addition to information being detected.
 Non-repudiation: The creator/sender of information cannot deny his intention to send information
at a later stage.
 Authentication: The identities of the sender and receiver are confirmed. As well destination/origin
of the information is confirmed.
 Interoperability: Cryptography allows for secure communication between different systems and
platforms.
 Adaptability: Cryptography continuously evolves to stay ahead of security threats and
technological advancements.

Types of Cryptography:

1. Symmetric Key Cryptography: It is an encryption system where the sender and receiver of a
message use a single common key to encrypt and decrypt messages. Symmetric Key cryptography is
faster and simpler but the problem is that the sender and receiver have to somehow exchange keys
securely. The most popular symmetric key cryptography systems are Data Encryption Systems
(DES) and Advanced Encryption Systems (AES).

Symmetric Key Cryptography,


2. Hash Functions: There is no usage of any key in this algorithm. A hash value with a fixed length is
calculated as per the plain text which makes it impossible for the contents of plain text to be recovered.
Many operating systems use hash functions to encrypt passwords.

3. Asymmetric Key Cryptography: In Asymmetric Key Cryptography, a pair of keys is used to


encrypt and decrypt information. A sender’s public key is used for encryption and a receiver’s private
key is used for decryption. Public keys and Private keys are different. Even if the public key is known
by everyone the intended receiver can only decode it because he alone knows his private key. The most
popular asymmetric key cryptography algorithm is the RSA algorithm.

Asymmetric Key Cryptography

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