FAKULTAS SASTRA
Ujian Akhir Semester Ganjil Tahun Akademik 2024/2025
Mata Kuliah : Theory of Translation
Hari/Tanggal : Rabu, 8 Januari 2025
Prodi : Sastra Inggris
Semester : C5/V
Waktu : 09.50-11.30
Dosen : Dr. I Gusti Ayu Agung Dian Susanthi, S.S., M.Hum
Peserta : 23 orang
Ruang : 310
1. What is translation? Please explain!
2. What is equivalence in translation? Please explain!
3. Please draw the process of translation and give your explanation!
4. What do you know about shifts in translation? Please explain and give example!
-----------------------------------------------GOOD LUCK--------------------------------------------
Name: Arielle Giovanni Sharon
Class / NPM: C5 / 202141121056
Answer:
1. Translation is a process which is intended to find meaning equivalence in the target
text, and a process of rendering meaning, ideas or messages of a text from one
language to other language.
2. Equivalence in translation refers to finding a means to translate a text while
preserving the original's meaning, tone, style, and impact in the target language. It
does not imply translating word for word, but rather capturing the substance and
effect intended by the source text.
3. The process of translation:
Source Language Analyzing Drafting
Revising Target Language
Finalizing
− Original Text (Source Language): This is the initial text in the source language that
needs to be translated.
− Analyzing: In this step, the translator carefully examines the original text to
understand its meaning, context, style, tone, and any cultural nuances. This analysis
helps in grasping the intent and purpose of the text, which is crucial for producing an
accurate translation.
− Drafting: After analyzing, the translator begins drafting the translation. This is the
first attempt to convert the source text into the target language. At this stage, the focus
is on conveying the overall meaning rather than perfecting every detail.
− Revising: Once the draft is completed, the translator revisits it to refine the
translation. This step involves checking for accuracy, consistency, grammar, and style
to ensure that it captures the original text's intent and effect. Revising may also
include addressing any ambiguities or issues noticed in the draft.
− Finalizing: After revisions, the translator finalizes the text by polishing language flow,
tone, and readability in the target language. This step may also involve proofreading
for errors and making any necessary adjustments for a natural, fluent final product.
− Translation Text (Target Language): The finalized text in the target language is now
complete and ready for its intended audience. This final output should faithfully
reflect the meaning and tone of the original text, adapted appropriately for the target
language and culture.
4. shifts in translation means departures from formal communication in the process of
moving from the SL to the TL.
Example:
− Level Shifts
A grammatical feature in English is expressed lexically in Indonesian.
SL (English): "She is eating."
TL (Indonesian): "Dia sedang makan."
("Is eating" expresses the progressive aspect grammatically, while "sedang"
expresses it lexically in Indonesian.)
− Category Shifts
a. Structural Shifts
Changes in grammatical structure between the SL and TL.
SL (English): "I have a red car."
TL (Indonesian): "Saya punya mobil merah."
(The adjective "red" comes before the noun "car" in English but follows it in
Indonesian as "mobil merah.")
b. Class Shifts
A word changes its grammatical class between the SL and TL.
SL (English): "He is a fast runner."
TL (Indonesian): "Dia berlari cepat."
("Runner" (noun) is translated as "berlari" (verb).)
c. Unit Shifts (Rank Shifts)
A phrase in the SL is translated into a single word in the TL, or vice versa.
SL (English): "At the park."
TL (Indonesian): "Di taman."
("At the park" (phrase) becomes "di taman" (two words in Indonesian but
smaller in rank compared to English phrase structure).)
d. Intra-System Shifts
Differences in grammatical rules within the same system.
SL (English): "These books are interesting."
TL (Indonesian): "Buku-buku ini menarik."
(English uses "these" as a demonstrative determiner, while Indonesian
duplicates the noun "buku" to mark plurality.)
