Scribd
Upload
11 views2 pages

Trần Ngọc Trâm

Uploaded by

tramluong243
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views2 pages

Trần Ngọc Trâm

Uploaded by

tramluong243
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

GOLD

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79 and one of
the noble metals. The element’s only naturally occurring isotope is gold-197. It is a
bright, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal with a slightly reddish-yellow color
when in bulk. However, when finely divided, it can appear black, purple, or ruby. As
one of the most malleable and ductile metals, 28g of gold can be beaten into a sheet of
300 square feet. Its exceptional malleability and ductility allow it to be hammered into
incredibly thin sheets or drawn into fine wires, making it highly versatile. With a density
of 19.32 g/cm³, gold is one of the densest of all metals. Gold melts at 1,064°C, and its
excellent conductivity of heat and electricity is crucial in high-end electronics.[1]
With as chemically, gold is a noble metal with low reactivity, not reacting with oxygen
and maintaining stability in various environments. It dissolves in aqua regia but does
not dissolve in nitric acid alone. Gold also forms soluble cyanide complexes for mining
and can alloy with metals like silver, copper, and palladium, altering its properties to
enhance durability. Typically, gold has oxidation states of +1 and +3 and is non-
magnetic.[2]
Gold is primarily used in the manufacture of jewelry, glass, and various electronic
components. It can also be made into thread and used in embroidery. A thin layer of
gold is applied to the windows of large buildings to reflect heat from sunlight.
Additionally, gold has medical applications, with its radioactive isotope Au-198 used in
the treatment of tumors.[1] Furthermore, to distinguish real gold from fake, methods
such as weighing, checking color, using acid tests, evaluating hardness, and inspecting
for hallmarks can be used.[1]
REFERENCES
[1] Byjus, Gold. https://byjus.com/chemistry/gold/, 2016 (accessed 11.09.2024)
[2] Britannica, Gold-facts, properties and uses.
https://www.britannica.com/science/gold-chemical-element, 2024 (accessed
14.09.2024)

IODINE
Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. It is a
nonmetallic, nearly black solid at room temperature and has a glittering crystalline
appearance.[1] Iodine occurs naturally in seawater and in certain rocks and sediments.
There are both radioactive and non-radioactive forms of iodine. Most radioactive forms
of iodine change very quickly, within seconds to days, into stable elements that are no
longer radioactive. However, ¹²⁹I changes very slowly over millions of years. Solid
iodine has a melting point of 387 K and a boiling point of 457 K. Its density is 4.93
g/cm³, which is much higher than that of water. Iodine is the heaviest of the stable
halogens and exists under standard conditions as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid. It
melts to form a deep violet liquid at 114 °C and boils into a violet gas at 184 °C. Iodine
has moderate vapor pressure at room temperature, and in an open vessel, it slowly
sublimes into a deep violet vapor, which is irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. Highly
concentrated iodine is poisonous and can cause serious damage to the skin and
tissues.[2]
With as chemically, iodine has oxidizing abilities, though they are weaker compared to
other halogens like chlorine and bromine. In reactions, iodine can gain an extra electron
to form iodide ions. Iodine reacts slowly with hydrogen to produce hydrogen iodide, a
strongly acidic compound. Iodine is almost insoluble in water, but it dissolves well in
solutions containing iodide, such as potassium iodide, to form the tri-iodide ion. Iodine
reacts with many metals to form metal iodides.[2]
Iodine is used as a disinfectant for cleaning surfaces and storage containers, as well as
in skin soaps and bandages, and for purifying water. Besides, Iodine is also added to
some table salt to ensure that people in the United States get enough iodine in their diet.
Most radioactive iodine is man-made and is used in medical tests and to treat certain
diseases.[1]
REFERENCES
[1]Britannica, Iodine. https://www.britannica.com/science/iodine, 2015 (accessed
13.09.2024)
[2]Test book, Iodine: Learn its Properties, Uses, Sources, & Effects,
https://www.britannica.com/science/iodine, 2023 (accessed 14.09.2024)

You might also like