School of Engineering and Architecture

Civil Engineering Department

Summer Term 2019-2020

Forces and
Accelerations
Module 4.2 – Dynamics of Rigid Bodies

At the end of this module, the student must know the principles of
Objective forces and accelerations in the plane motion of a rigid body as well
as be able to apply it in solving problems theoretically.

In this module, additional problems for the following will be

Content discussed:
• Motion of Rigid Bodies
• Systems of Rigid Bodies
• Constrained Plane Motion

Within this module, students will perform graded activities.

Activities Quiz, class discussions, problem set computations, and recitations
are to be expected.

L.G. Kraige and J.L. Meriam, (2012). Engineering Mechanics

References Volume 2 Dynamics 7th Edition. Massachusetts, USA: John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.

R.C. Hibbeler, (2010). Engineering Mechanics Statics & Dynamics

Twelfth Edition. New Jersey, USA: Pearson Prentice Hall

Instructor: Engr. Aline Benneth V. Jacobo 1

 Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
School of Engineering and Architecture
Module 4.2 Civil Engineering Department
Summer Term 2019-2020

I. MOTION OF RIGID BODIES

Sample Problem 1:
A 10-kg projectile is fired vertically upward from the ground, with an initial
velocity of 50 m/s. Determine the maximum height to which it will travel if (a)
atmospheric resistance is neglected; and (b) atmospheric resistance is measured as
FD = (0.01v2) N where is the speed of the projectile at any instant, measured m/s.
Given:
Mass of the object, m = 10 kg
Initial Velocity, vo = 50 m/s
(a) Neglected atmospheric resistance
(b) Atmospheric Resistance, FD = (0.01v2) N

Required:
Maximum height reached by the mass in situations (a) and (b)
Solution:
(a) Atmospheric resistance is neglected
Weight = mg = (10 kg) (9.81 m/s2) = 98.1 kg m/s2 = 98.1 N

∑ 𝐹𝑣 = 0

−𝑊 − 𝑚𝑎 = 0

−98.1 − (10)𝑎 = 0
−98.1
𝑎= = −9.81 𝑚/𝑠 2
10
Kinematics:

𝑣 2 = 𝑣𝑜 2 + 2𝑎𝑠

02 = 502 + 2(−9.81)ℎ
502
ℎ=
2(−9.81)
ℎ = 127 𝑚

Instructor: Engr. Aline Benneth V. Jacobo 2

 Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
School of Engineering and Architecture
Module 4.2 Civil Engineering Department
Summer Term 2019-2020

(b) Atmospheric Resistance, FD = (0.01v2) N

Weight = mg = (10 kg) (9.81 m/s2) = 98.1 kg m/s2 = 98.1 N
∑ 𝐹𝑣 = 0

−𝑊 − 𝐹𝐷 − 𝑚𝑎 = 0

−98.1 − (0.01v 2 ) − (10)𝑎 = 0

−98.1 − (0.01v 2 )
𝑎=
10
𝑎 = −[9.81 + (0.001v 2 )]

Kinematics:
Remember:
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑠
𝑎= ;𝑣 =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑠
𝑑𝑡 = ; 𝑑𝑡 =
𝑎 𝑣

𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑠
= ; 𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑣
𝑎 𝑣

−[9.81 + (0.001v 2 )]𝑑ℎ = 𝑣𝑑𝑣

𝑣𝑑𝑣
𝑑ℎ =
−[9.81 + (0.001v 2 )]

ℎ 0
𝑣𝑑𝑣
∫ 𝑑ℎ = ∫ 2
0 50 −[9.81 + (0.001v )]

Instructor: Engr. Aline Benneth V. Jacobo 3

 Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
School of Engineering and Architecture
Module 4.2 Civil Engineering Department
Summer Term 2019-2020

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = −[9.81 + (0.001v 2 )] ; 𝑑𝑢 = −0.002𝑣𝑑𝑣

0 0
−0.002𝑣𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
ℎ|ℎ0 =∫ = −500 ∫ = −500ln(𝑢)|050
50 −0.002𝑢 50 𝑢

ℎ|ℎ0 = −500ln|−[9.81 + (0.001v 2 )]||050

ℎ − 0 = {−500 ln|−[9.81 + (0.001)(02 )]|} − {−500ln|−[9.81 + (0.001)(502 )]|}

ℎ = 113.5048 𝑚

II. SYSTEMS OF RIGID BODIES and CONSTRAINED PLANE MOTION

Sample Problem 2:
The 10-lb block A travels to the right at vA = 2 ft/s at the instant
shown. If the coefficient of kinetic friction is μk = 0.2 between the
surface and A, determine the velocity of A when it has moved 4 ft.
Block B has a weight of 20 lb.

Given:

Mass of block A, mA = 10 lb
Mass of block B, mB = 20 lb
Initial Velocity of block A, vA = 2 ft/s
Coefficient of kinetic friction, μk = 0.2
Distance covered by the block A, s = 4 ft

Required:

Velocity of A when it has moved 4 ft

Instructor: Engr. Aline Benneth V. Jacobo 4

 Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
School of Engineering and Architecture
Module 4.2 Civil Engineering Department
Summer Term 2019-2020

Solution:
For Block A:

∑ 𝐹𝐻 = 0

𝑇 − 𝐹𝑓 − 𝑚𝐴 𝑎𝐴 = 0

10
𝑇−2−( )𝑎 = 0
32.2 𝐴
𝑇−2
𝑎𝐴 = → 𝑒𝑞 ′ 𝑛 1
10
(32.2)

For Block B:

∑ 𝐹𝑣 = 0

𝑇 + 𝑇 − 𝑊 − 𝑚𝐵 𝑎 𝐵 = 0
20
2𝑇 − 20 − ( )𝑎 = 0
32.2 𝐵
2𝑇 − 20
𝑎𝐵 = → 𝑒𝑞 ′ 𝑛 2
20
(32.2)

Kinematics:

𝑠𝐴 + 2𝑠𝐵 = 𝐿

𝑣𝐴 + 2𝑣𝐵 = 0

𝑎𝐴 + 2𝑎𝐵 = 0

𝑎𝐴 = −2𝑎𝐵 → 𝑒𝑞 ′ 𝑛 3

Instructor: Engr. Aline Benneth V. Jacobo 5

 Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
School of Engineering and Architecture
Module 4.2 Civil Engineering Department
Summer Term 2019-2020

Solving for all the unknowns:

Substitute eq’n 3 to 1:
𝑇−2
𝑎𝐴 = → 𝑒𝑞 ′ 𝑛 1 ; 𝑎𝐴 = −2𝑎𝐵 → 𝑒𝑞 ′ 𝑛 3
10
(32.2)
𝑇−2
−2𝑎𝐵 =
10
(32.2)
𝑇−2
𝑎𝐵 =
10
−2 (32.2)

−𝑇 + 2
𝑎𝐵 =
20
(32.2)

𝑎𝐵 = −1.61𝑇 + 3.22 → 𝑒𝑞 ′ 𝑛 4
Substitute eq’n 4 to 2:
2𝑇 − 20
𝑎𝐵 = → 𝑒𝑞 ′ 𝑛 2 ; 𝑎𝐵 = −1.61𝑇 + 3.22 → 𝑒𝑞 ′ 𝑛 4
20
(32.2)

2𝑇 − 20
−1.61𝑇 + 3.22 =
20
(32.2)

−1.61𝑇 + 3.22 = 3.22𝑇 − 32.2

4.83𝑇 = 35.42

𝑇 = 7.333333333333 𝑙𝑏
𝑇−2 7.333333333333 − 2
𝑎𝐴 = = = 17.17333333333 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2
10 10
(32.2) (32.2)

2𝑇 − 20 2(7.333333333333) − 20
𝑎𝐵 = = = −8.58666666666 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2
20 20
(32.2) (32.2)

Instructor: Engr. Aline Benneth V. Jacobo 6

 Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
School of Engineering and Architecture
Module 4.2 Civil Engineering Department
Summer Term 2019-2020

𝑣 2 = 𝑣𝑜 2 + 2𝑎𝑠

𝑣 2 = 22 + 2(17.17333333333)(4)

𝑣 = √22 + 2(17.17333333333)(4)

𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
𝑣 = 11.890612543 = 11.8906
𝑠 𝑠

Instructor: Engr. Aline Benneth V. Jacobo 7