CHAPTER 9

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

9.1 Introduction

In earlier classes , you might have come across various patterns of number like

1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ………

0, -2, -4, -6, -8, ……….

1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ……..

These patterns are generally known as sequence. In this chapter, we intend to study a particular
types of sequence which are known as arithmetic progressions.

9.2 SEQUENCES

As mentioned above that an arrangement of which one number is designated as the first, another
as the second, another as the third and so on is known as a sequence.

1,8,27,64,125,…

1 1 1 1
1, , , , ,
2 3 4 5

2,4,6,8,10

In each of the above arrangement numbers are arranged in a definite order according to some rule.
In the first arrangement the numbers are cubes of natural numbers and in the second arrangement
the numbers are reciprocals of naturals whereas in the third arrangement the numbers are even
natural number. Each of the above arrangements is a sequence. Thus, we may define a sequence
formally as follows:

Definitions A sequence is an arrangement of numbers in a definite order according to some rule.

The various numbers occurring in a sequence are called its terms. We denoted the terms of f
sequence by a 1 a 2 , a3 … . etc. or x 1 , x 2 , x 3…..etc. here, the subscribts denote the positions of the
terms. First number or the numbers at first place is called its first terms of the sequence and is
denoted by a 1. The number at the second place is called the second term and is denoted by a 2 and
so on. In general, the numbers at the nth places is called the nth term of the sequence and it for
examples 2,4,5,8,10….. is a sequence whose

First terms is 2 i.e. ,a 1 = 2; second terms is 4 i.e. , a 2=4

Third terms is 6 i.e. , a 3=6; fourth terms is 8i.e. , a 4 = 8

And so on.

Similarly, 1,4,9,16,25……. Is a sequence that

a 1=1 , a2=4 , a3=9 , a4=16 , a5=25 and so on.

Often, it is possible to express the rule which generates the various terms of a sequence in terms of
an algebraic formula. For examples consider the sequence of even natural numbers i.e 2,4,6,8,10…..

We have,

a 1 = first term = 2= 2×1 . a 2 = second terms= 4=2 ×2

a 3= third term = 6 =2 ×3, a 4= fourth terms= 8= 2× 4

a 5= fifth terms= 10=2×5 , a 6= sixth term= 12=2×6

And so on.

It is evident from this that

a n = nth term = 2× n=2 n

Let us now consider the sequence of square of natural numbers i.e. 1,4,9,16,25,….

Here, we have
2 2
a 1=1=1 ,. a 2=4=2

a 3= 9=33, a 4 = 16= 4 4

a 5 = 25= 55 , a 6 = 36= 6 6

And so on.

It follows from this that

a n = nth term = n2

Similarly, consider the sequence of odd natural numbers i.e., 1,3,5,7,,9,11..

We find that a 1=1=2 ×1−1

a 2=3=2×2−1
a 3=5=2×3−1 a 4=7=2 × 4−1

And so on.

In general, a n = 2 ×n−1=2 n−1.

If follows from the above discussion that a sequence can be described either by listing its first few
terms till the rule for writing down the other terms becomes clear or, by writing the algebraic
formula for the nth term of the sequence.

For example, the sequence of even natural numbers i.e., 2,4,6,8,10……. Can be described as

a n =2n , where n=1,2,3….

Similarly, the sequence of odd natural numbers i.e., 1,3,5,7,9…. Can be described as

a n =2n-1, where n =1,2,3,4,5…

1 1 1
The sequence , 1, , , …… can be described as
2 3 4

1
a n= , where n 1,2,3…..
n

The sequence 1,4,9,16….. can be described as

a n = n2 , where n = 1,2,3,4,….

In the above discussion, we have seen that a sequence can be described by listing its first few terms
till the rules for writing down the other terms becomes clear. We can also described a sequence by
writing the algebraic formula for its nth term or general terms. In some cases, the terms of the
sequence do not follow some fixed patterns but they are generated by some recursive relation.

Consider for instance, the sequence , 1,1,2,3,5,8,….

Here, we have,

a 1= 1 , a 2=1

a 3 = 2 = 1+1 = a 1+ a2

a 4 = 3=1+2=a 2+a 3

a 5=5=2+3 = a 3+ a4

a 6 = 8= 3+5 =a 4 +a 5 and so on.

General

a n=a n−1 + an−2 for n>2

Thus, the above sequence is described as

a 1 = 1, a 2=1 and a n = a n−1+a n−2 for all n>2

Let us now discuss some examples to illustrate the applications of what we

have discussed so far.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

Examples 1 write the first three terms in each of the sequence defined by the
following:

(I) a n0 = 3n+2 (II) a n = n2 +1

Solution (I) we have , a n=3 n+2

a 1= 3×1+2 = 3+2 =5

a 2 = 3×2+2=6+2=8 ,

a 3 = 3×3 +2= 9+2= 11

Thus, the required first three terms of the sequence defined by a n =3n+2 are
5,8, and 11.

(II) we have, a n = n2 +1

Putting n= 1,2, and 3, we get

2
a 1=1 + 1=1+1=2

a 2=2 + 1= 4+1 = 5,
2

And, a 3 = 32 +1=9+1=10

Thus, the first three terms of the sequence defined by a n =n2 +1 are 2,5, and 10.

Examples 2 write the first five terms of the sequence defined by a n = (-1¿n −1 .2n

Solution we have , a n = (-1¿n −1 .2n

Putting n= 1,2,3,4 and 5, we get

a 1 = (-1¿1−1 ×21 = (-1¿0 ×2 =2

a 2=(-1¿2−1 ×22=¿ =-4

a 3 = (-1¿3−1 ×23=(-1¿2 ×8=8

a n = (-1¿ 4−1 × 24=¿ =-16

And, a 5 = (-1¿5−1 ×25=¿

Examples 3 A sequence is defined by a n = n3 −6 n2 +11n−6. show that the first

three terms of the sequence are zero and all other terms are positive.

Solution we have , a n = n3 −6 n2 +11n−6

Putting n = 1,2,3 , we get

a 1=¿
2 2
a 2=2 −6 × 2 +11× 2−6=8−24+22−6=30−30=0

And, a 3=33−6 ×32 +11×3−6=27−54 +33−6=60−60=0

Thus, we have,

a 1=a2=a3=0

We observe that a n = n3 −6 n2 +11n−6 is a cubic polynomial in n and it vanishes

for n=1, 2, and 3. Therefore, by factor theorem (n-1),(n-2) and (n-3) are factor
of a n.

Thus, we have

3 2
We observe that a n=n −6 n +11n−6 is a cubic polynomial in n and it vanishes for n= 1, 2,3.
Therefore, by factor theorem (n-1)(n-2) and (n-3) are factor of a n.

Thus, we have

a n = (n-1)(n-2)(n-3)

In this expression, if we substitute any value of n which is greater than 3, then each factor on the RHS is
positive. Therefore,
a n >0 for all n >3

Hence, first three terms of the sequence are zero and all other terms are positive .

n(n−3)
Example 4 what is 18th term of the sequence defined by a n =
n+ 4

n(n−3)
Solution we have, a n =
n+ 4

Putting n= 18, we get

18×(18−3) 18× 15 135

a 18 = = =
18+ 4 22 11

Example 5 let a sequence be defined by

a 1 = 3, a n = 3a n−1+1 for all n >1

Find the first four terms of the sequence.

Solution we have , a 1 = 3

And, a n = 3 a n−1 +1= 3x3+1= 10

a 3 = 3a 2+1 = 3x10=31

And, a 4=3 a 3+ 1 =3x31+1

Hence, the first four terms of the sequence are 3,10 , 31 and 94.

Example 6 let a sequence be defined by a 1= 1, a 2=1

And , a n =a n−1+ an−2 for all n >2

an +1
Find for n = 1,2,3,4
an

Solution we have , a 1 = 1, a 2=1

And, a n = a n−1+ an−2 for all n >2

Putting n = 3,4,5 , we get

a 3 =a 2+ a1 = 1+1 = 2

a 4 = a 3+ a2 = 2+1 = 3
a 5=a 4 +a3 =3+2=5

Thus, we have

a 1=1 , a2 =1, a 3=2 , a4 = 3 and a 5 = 5

an +1
Now , putting n=1,2,3 and 4 in , we get
an

a2 1
= =1
a1 1

a3 2
=¿ = 2
a2 1

a4 3
=
a3 2

a5 5
=
a4 3

1. Write the first terms of each of the following sequence whose nth terms are
(I) a n=3 n+2
n−2
(II) a n=
3
(III) a n = 3n
3 n−2
(IV) an =
5
(V) a n=¿
n(n−2)
(VI) a n=
2
(VII) a n = n −n+1
2

2
(VIII) a n=2 n −3 n+1
2n−3
(IX) an =
6
2. Find the indicated terms in each of the following sequences whose nth terms are :
(i) a n=5 n−4 ; a 12 and a 15
3 n−2
(ii) a n= ; a and a 8
4 n+5 7
(iii) a n=n ( n−1 )( n−2 ) ; a5∧a8
(iv) a n=( n−1 )( 2−n ) ( 3+n ) ; a1 , a2 , a3
 n
(v) a n=(−1 ) ; a3 , a5 , a8
3. Find the next five term s of each of the following sequence given by :
(i) a 1=1 , an−1+ 2, ≥ 2
(ii) a 1=a2=2, a n=a n−1−3 , n>2
an −1
(iii) a 1=−1 , an= ,n ≥ 2
n
(iv) a 1=4 , an=4 an −1 +3 , n>1.

ANSWERS

1. (i) a 1=5 , a2=8 , a 3=11, , a4 =14 , a5 =17

−1 1 2
(ii) a 1= , a2=0 , a 3= , a 4= , a 5=1
3 3 3
a
(iii) 1 =3 , a 2 =9 , a 3 =27 , a 4 =81 , a5 =243
1 4 7 13
(iv)a 1= , a2= ,a 3= ,a 4=2. a 5=
5 5 5 5
(v) a 1=−2 , a2=4 , a3=−8 , a4 =16 , a5=−32
−1 3 15
(vi) a 1= , a =0 , a 3= , a 4=4,a 5=
2 2 2 2
(vii) a 1=1 , a2=3 , a3=7 ,a 4=13 , a 5=21
(viii) a 1=0 , a2=3 , a 3=10 , a4 =21,a 5=36
1 1 1 5 7
(ix) a 1 = , a2 = , a3 = , a4 = , a5 =
6 6 2 6 6

2. (i) a 12=56 , a15=71

19 22
(ii) a 7= , a8 =
33 37

(iii) a 5=60 , a8 =336

(iv) a 1=0 , a2=0 a 3=−12

(v) a 3=−3 , a5=−5 , a8=8

3. (i) a 2=3 , a3=5 , a 4=7 , a 5=9 , a6 =11

(ii)a 3=−1 , a4 −4 , a5=−7 , a 6=−10 , a7 =−13
−1 −1 −1 −1 −1
(iii) a 2= ,a 3= , a4 = , a5 = , a6=
2 6 24 120 720
a
(iv) 2 =19 , a 3 =79 , a 4 =319 , a 5 =1279 , a 6 =5119

9.3 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (A.P)

In this section , we shall discuss a particular type of sequences in which each term, except the first,
progresses in a definite manner. Consider for instance , the following sequences

(i) 1,4,7,10,13,….
(ii) 12,7,2,-3,-8,…
(iii) -9,-7,-5,-3,-2,1,3,….

In each of these sequences every term except the first is obtained by adding a fixed number (positive or
negative) to the preceding term. For example, in the sequence given in(i),each term is obtained by
adding 3 to the preceding term. In the sequence given in (ii) each term is 5 more than the preceding
term and in the sequence given in (iii) each term is obtained by adding 2 to the preceding term.

5 more than the preceding terms and in the sequence given in (III) each terms is obtained abbreviated as
A.P. thus, we may defined arithmetic sequence as follows:

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

A sequence a 1,a 2 , … … … . an , …… is called an arithmetic progression, if there exists a constant number

d such that

a 2 = a 1+ d

a 3=a2 + d

a 4=a3 +d

………………….

………………….

…………………

……………………..

a n=a n−1 +d

The constant ‘d’ is called the common difference of the A.P.

Thus, if the first terms is a and the common difference is d, then

A,a+d,a+2d,a+3d,a+4d…………

Is an arithmetic progression

In other words, a sequence a 1 , a2 , a3 , a4 ,………a n ……………. Is called an arithmetic progression if the

difference of a term and the preceding term is always constant. This constant is called the common
difference of the A.P.
Thus, if a 1 , a2 , a3 , ………………….a n , … … … is an A.P. with common difference ‘d’, then,

a 2−a1 = d

a 3−a2 =d

a 4−a3 =d

………………

……………….

a n−a n−1 = d and so on .

Illustration 1 the sequence 1,4,7,10,13,,………. Is an A.P. whose first terms is 1 and the common
difference is equal to 3.

Illustration 2 the sequence 11,7,3,-1,……….. is an A.P. whose first terms is 11 and the common difference
is equal to -4

It follows from the above discussion that the sequence a 1 , a2 , a 3,……..a n , a n+1 …… is an A.P. with
a n+1−an =d for n = 1,2,3,4

This suggests us the following algorithm to determine whether a sequence is an A.P. or not when we are
given an algebraic formula for the general terms of the sequence.

ALGORITHM

STEP I obtained a n

Step II Replace n by (n+1) in a n to get a n+1

Step III Calculate a n+1 -a n

Step IV check the value of a n+1−an , if a n+1−an is independent of n, then the given sequence is an A.P.
otherwise it is not an A.P.

Illustration 3 show that the sequence defined by a n=4 n+5 is an A.P. also, find its common difference.

SOLUTION we have, a n =4 n+5

Replace n by (n+1) , we get

a n+1=4 ( n+1 ) +5=4 n+9

Now a n+1−an=( 4 n+9 )−( 4 n+5 )=4

Clearly, a n+1−anis independent of n and is equal to4.

2
ILLUSTRATION 4 show that the sequence defined by a n=2 n +1 is not an A.P

2
Solution we have, a n=a +1

Replacing n by (n+1) in a n , we obtain

2 2
a n+1=2(n+1) +1=2n + 4 n+3

Now, a n+1−an=( 2 n2 + 4 n+3 ) −( 2 n2 +1 )=4 n+ 2

Clearly,a n+1−an is not independent of N and is therefore not constant.

So, the given sequence is not an A.P

ILLUSTRATION 5 show that a sequence is an A.P if its nth term is a linear expression in n and in such
that a case the common difference is equal t the coefficient of n.

Solution let there be a sequence whose nth term is a linear expression in i.e

a n= An+ B , where A , B are constants .

⇒ a n+1−an=[ A ( n+1 )+ B ] −{ An+ B }= A

Clearly, a n+1−an is independent of n and is therefore a constant .

So, the sequence is an A.P with common difference A.

Note readers may use the above statement as a standard result.

IILUSTRATION 6 the nth term of a sequence is 3 n−2. is the sequence an A.P ? if so, find its 10th term

Solution we have ,a n=3 n−2.

Clearly , a n is a linear expression in n. so, the given sequence is an A.P with common difference 3

Putting n=10, we get

a 10=3× 10−2=28

Remark it is evident from the above examples that a sequence is not an A.P if its term is not a linear
expression in n.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1 write an A.P whose first term is 10 and common difference is 3.

Solution we know that if a is the first term and d is the common difference, then the arithmetic
progression is

a , a+ d , a+2 d , a+ 3 d , …

Here, a=10∧d=3

So, the arithmetic progression is 10,13,16,19,22….

Example 2 write an A.P having 4 as the first term and -3 as the common difference.

Solution the arithmetic progression with first term a and common difference d is given by

A,a+d,a+2d,a+3d…..

i.e. each term is obtained by adding ‘d’ to the preceding term.

Here, a = 4 and d=-3

So, the arithmetic progression is

4,4+(-3), 4+2x(-3),4+3(-3),4+4(-3) ,………

Or, 4,1,-2,-5,-8

Example 3 Write an A.P. whose first term and common difference are -1.25 and -0.25 respectively.

Solution here , a = -1.25 and d = -0.25

Example 4 For the following arithmetic progression write the first term and common difference

1 5 9 13
(I) , , . ,……
3 3 3 3
(II) 0.6,1.7,2.8,3.9

Solution (I) we have

5 1 4 9 5 4 13 9 4
− = , − = , − =
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

4
Clearly, the difference between a term and the preceding term is same and is equal to .
3

1 4
So, the given sequence is an A.P. with first term and common difference
3 3

(II) we have,

1.7-0.6 = 1.1, 2.8-1.7 = 1.1, 3.9-2.8 = 1.1

So, the given sequence is an A.P. with first term 0.6 and common difference 1.1.

Example 5 In which of the following situations , the sequence formed will form an A.P. ?

(I) Number of student left in the school auditorium form the total strength of 1000 student
when they leave the auditorium in batches of 25
(II) The amount of money in the account every year when Rs 100 are deposite annually to
accumulate at compound interest at 4% per annum.

Solution (I) we have,

Total strength of student in the auditorium = 1000

Number of student left in auditorium when first batch of 25 student leaves the auditorium = 1000-25 =
975

Number of student left in the auditorium when second batch of 25 student leaves the auditorium = 975-
25 = 950

Number of student left in the auditorium when third batch of 25 student leaves the auditorium = 975-25
= 925 and so on.

Thus, the number of student left in the auditorium at different stages are

1000, 975, 950, 925,……

Clearly, it is an A.P. with first term 1000 and common difference -25.

(II) we know that if P is the principal and r% per annum is the rate of interest , compound anjually, then
the amount An at the end of n years is given by

( )
n
An = P 1+ r
100

Here, P = Rs and r= 4

∴ An =100 1+ ( ) = 100x ( ) = 100x(1.04¿n

n n
4 26
100 25

Thus, the amount of money in the amount at the end of difference years is given by

Rs 100x1.04, Rs 100x(1.04¿2 , Rs 100x(1.04¿3

Or, Rs 104 , Rs 108.16, Rs 112.48

Clearly, it is not forming an A.P.

Example 6 find the common difference and write the next three terms of the A.P. 3,-2,-7,-12,…….
Solution we have,

Second term – First term = -2-(3) = -5

Third term –second term =−¿ 7 −¿( −¿2 ) =−¿5

So, the given sequence is an A.P. with common difference -5

Since each term of an A.P. is obtained by adding common difference to the preceding term.

∴ a 5 a 4 + (−5 ) =−12+ (−5 )=−17

a 6 = a 5+ (−5 )=−17+ (−5 )=−22

And, a 7 =a 6 +(-5) =-22+(-5)

EXERCISE 9.2

1. for the following arithmetic progression write the first term a and the common
difference d:

(I) -5, -1, ,3,7 ,…………………….. (II) , , , ,……………….

1 3 5 7
5 5 5 5

(III) 0.3, 0.55 , 0.80 , 1.05, (IV) -1.1, -3.1, -5.1, -7.1,……

2. write the arithmetic progression when first terms a and common difference d
are as follows:

(I) a= 4, d= -3 (II) a=-1, d=

1
2

(III) a = - 1.5 d = -0.5

3. In which of the following situation , the sequence of number formed will form an
A.P.?

(I) The cost of the digging a well for the first meters is Rs 150 and rises by Rs 20
for each succeeding meter.
[NCERT]

(II) The amount of air present in the cylinder when vacuum pump removes each

time of their remaining in the cylinder.

1

[NCERT]
4
4. Show that the sequence defined by a n = 5n-7 is an A.P. find its common
difference.

5. Show that the sequence defined by a n = 3n2 −5 is not an A.P.

6. The general terms of a sequence is given by a n = -4n+15. Is the sequence an

A.P. ? if so, find its 15th term and the common difference.

7. Find the common difference and write the next four terms of each of the
following arithmetic progression:

(I) 1,-2,-5,-8,……..

(II) 0,-3,-6,-9,…..

(III) -1, , ,…….

1 3
4 2

(IV) -1, - ,− , …
5 2
6 3

8. Prove that no matter what the real number a and b are, the sequence with nth
term a+nb is always an A.P. what is common difference ?

9. Write sequence with nth terms.

(I) a n=3+ 4 n

(II) a n 5+2 n

(III) a n = 6-n
(IV) a n=9−5 n

10. Find out which of the following sequence are arithmetic progression. For those
which are arithmetic progression, find out the common difference.

(I) 3,6,12,24,

(II) 0,,-4,-8,-12,…..

(III) ,
1 1 1 1
, , ,….
2 4 6 8

(IV) 12,2,-8,-18………

(V) 3,3,3,3,,……

(VI) p,p+90, p+180, p +270,…… where p (999¿ 999

(VII) 1.0,1.7,2.4,3.1,…..

(IX) 10, +10+25, 10+26 , 10+27,……..

(X) a+b, (a+1)+b,(a+1)+(b+1), (a+2)+(b+1),(a+2)+(b+2)

(XI) 12 ,3 2 , 52 ,7 2 ,……….

(XII) 12 ,5 2 , 72 ,73 ………

11. find the common difference of the A.P. and write the next two terms:

(I) 51,59,67,75,

(II) 75,67,59,51,…..

(III)1.8 2.0, 2.2, 2.4

(IV) 0, ,
1 1 3
, ,……
4 2 4

(V) 119, 136, 153, 170,…….

12. The nth term of A.P. is 6n+2. Find the common difference.
[CBSE]

_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________Answers

1. (I) a= -5 , d = 4 (II) a= , d=
1 2

(III) a= 0.3 , d = 0.25 (IV) a= -1.1, d= -2

5 5

2. (I) 4,1,-2,-5,-8,……… (II) -1, , 0, , 1 …..……….

−1 1

(IV) -1.5, -2, -2.5 , -3 ,…….

2 2

3. (I) A.P. (II) does not form an A.P.

4. 5 6. -45, -4

7. (I) -3 ; a 5=−11, a6 =−14 , a 7=−17 , a 8 = -20

(II) -3; a 5=−12 , a6=−15 , a 7 =-18 , a 8 = -21

(III) ; a4 = , a 5= , a6 = , a7 =
5 11 16 21 26
4 4 4 4 4

(IV) ; a4 = , a5 = , a6 = , a7 = 0
1 −1 −1 −1
6 2 3 6
8. (I) b

9. (I) 7,11,15,19,….. (II)( 7,9,11,13,….. (III) 2,4,53,2,1,0,-1,

….

(IV) 4,-1,-6,-11,…..

10. (I) No (II) Yes , d = −¿4 (III) No

(IV) Yes , d = - 104 (V) Yes , d = 0 (VI) Yes , d = 90

(VII) Yes , d = 0.7 (VIII) Yes, d = -200 (IX) No

(X) Yes , d = 1 (XI) No

11. (I) d= 8, a 5=83 , a6 = 91

(II) d = -8, a 5 = 43 , a 6 = 35 (III) d= 0.2 , a 5 = 2.6 , a 6 = 2.8 (IV) d= ;

1
4
a5 = 1 a6 =
5
4

(V) d= 17 ; a 5 = 187 ,a 6=204 12. 6

9.4 GENERAL TERMS OF AN A.P.

In this section , we shall find the formula for the nth term or general term of an A.
P. in terms of its first term and the common difference. The same will be used to
solve some problems on A.P.

Theorem let a be the first term and d be the common difference of an A. P. then,
its nth term of general term is given by

a n=a+ d .

Proof let a 1 , a2 , a 3,………………..a n , … … … be the given A.P. then,

a 1 =a

⇒ a1 =a+(1-1)d

Since each term of an A.P. is obtained by adding common difference to the

preceding term. Therefore,

a 2=a+ d

⇒a 2=a+ ( 2−1 ) d
Similarly, we have

a 3=a2 + d

⇒a 3=( a+ d )+ d

⇒a 3=a+2 d

⇒a 3=a+ (3−1 ) d

⇒a 4=a3 +d

⇒a 4=( a+2 d ) +d

⇒a 4=a+3 d

⇒a 4=a+ ( 4−1 ) d

Observing the pattern in equation (I),(II), (III) and (IV) , we find that

a n=a+ ( n−1 ) d

Remarks it is evident from the above theorem that

General terms of an A.P. = First term +(Term number-1)x(common difference )

9.4.1 nth term of an A.P. from the end

Let there be an A.P. with first term a and common difference d. if there are n
terms in the A.P., then,

nth term from the end = (m-n+1)th term the beginning

⇒nth term from the end = a m−n+1

⇒ nth term from the end =a+(m-n+1) d

⇒nth term form end =a+(m-n)d

Also, if l is the last terms of the A.P, then nth term from the end is the nth term of
an A.P. whose first term is l and common difference is –d.

∴ nth term from the end = last term +(n-1) (-d)

⇒ nth term from the end = l-(n-1)d

ILLUSTRATION find the 6th term from the end of the A.P. 17, 14, 11,……. -40
[CBSE]
Solution we have,

L =last term = -40 and , d = common difference =-3

∴ 6th terms form the end = l -(6-1)d = -40 -5x-3 = -25

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1 find the 12 th, 24 th term of the A.P. given by 9, 13, 17, 21, 25………

Solution we have, a = first term = 9

And, d = common difference = 4 [13-9 = 4, 17-13 = 4, 21-17m = 4 etc. ]

We know that the nth term of an A.P. with first term a and common difference d is
given by

a n=a+ ( n−1 ) d

∴a 12=a+ ( 12−1 ) d=a+11d=9+11 x 4 = 53

a 24=a+ ( 24−1 ) d =a+23 d=9+23x 4

And, a n=a+ ( n−1 ) d=9+ ( n−1 ) × 47=4 n+ 5

Thus, we have,

a 12=53 ,a 24=101∧an=4 n+5

Example 2 show that the sequence 9,1215,18,… is an A.P find its 16th term and the general term
solution we have ,

( 12−9 )=( 15−12 )=( 18−15 )=3

Therefore, the given sequence is an A.P with common difference 3.

a= first term = 9

∴ 16 thterm =a 16=a+ ( 16−1 ) d=a+ 15 d

⇒ a16=9+15 × 3=54

General term =nth term=a+(n-1)d

a n=9+ ( n−1 ) ×3=3 n+6

Example 3 the term of an A.P is −7 and the common difference 5. Find its 18th term and the general
term.
Solution we have,

a=first term =−7 and , d = common difference =5

a 18=a+ ( 18−1 ) d

a 18=a+7 d =−7+17 ×5=78

⇒ a18=a+ ( n−1 ) ×5=−7+(n−1)×5

⇒ an=−7+ 5 n−5=5 n−12

Example 4 determine the 10th term from the end of the A.P 4,9,14,..,254

Solution we have

l=last term=254∧, d=common difference=5

∴ 10 th term from the end = l−( 10−1 ) d=l−9 d=254−9 ×5=209

Example 5 which term of the sequence -1,3,7,11,…. Is 95 ?

Solution clearly, the given sequence is an A.P siuch that

a=¿ first term=-1 and,d = common difference =4

Let 95 be the nth term of the given A.P . then,

a n=95

⇒ a+ ( n−1 ) d =95

⇒−1+ ( n−1 ) × 4=95

⇒ 4 n−5=95 ⇒ 4 n=100 ⇒ n=25

Thus,95 is 25 term of the given sequence.

Example 6 which term of the sequence 4,9,14,19,… is 124 ?

Solution clearly, the given sequence is an A.P with term a(=4)and common difference d(=5)

Let 124 be the nth term of the given sequence. Then,

a n=124 ⇒ a+ ( n−1 ) d=124 ⇒ 4+ ( n−1 ) ×5=124 ⇒5 n−1=124 ⇒ 5 n=125 ⇒ n=25

Hence, 25th term of the given sequence is 124.

Example 7 how many terms are ther in the sequence 3,6,9,12,…,111 ?

Solution clearly, the given sequence is an A.P with first term a=3 and common difference d=3. Let ther
be n terms in the given sequence. Then,

nth term=111

⇒ a+ ( n−1 ) d=111

⇒ 3+ ( n−1 ) ×3=11⇒ n=37

Thus, the given sequence contains 37 terms.

[CBSE]
Example 8 for what value of n is the nth term of the following two A.P’s the same ?

(i) 1,7,13,19… (ii) 69,68,67,…

Solution clearly,1,7,13,19,… forms an A.P with first term 1 and common difference 6.

Therefore, its nth term is given by

a n=1+ ( n−1 ) × 6=6 n−5

Also,69,68,67,66,… forms an A.P with term 69 and common difference 1(−1 )

So, its nth term is given by

a n=69+ ( n−1 ) × (−1 )=−n+70

The two A.Ps will have identical nth terms, if

a n=a n

⇒ 6 n−5=−n+70

⇒ 7 n=45

75
⇒ , which is not a natural number.
7

Hence , ther is no value of n for which the two A.P s will have identical terms.

[CBSE]
Example 9 if the 8th term of an A.P is 31 and 15th term is 16 more than th 11th term, find the A.P.

Solution let a be first term and d be the common difference of the A.P

we have,

a 18=31∧a 15=16+a 11
⇒ a+7 d=31∧a+1 d=16+ a+10 d

⇒ a+7 d=31∧4 d=16

⇒ a+7 d=31∧d=4

⇒ a+7 × 4=31⇒ a+28=31⇒ a=3

Hence, the A.P isa , a+ d , a+2 d , a+ 3 d , … ie . , 3,7,11,15,19…

Example 10 which term of the arithmetic progression 5,15,25,… will be130 more than its 31 st term ?

[CBSE]

Solution we have, a=5∧d=10

∴ a+ ( n−1 ) d=130+305

⇒ 5+10 ( n−1 )=435

⇒ 10 ( n−1 )=430

⇒ n−1=43

⇒ n=44

Hence , 44th term of the given A.P is 130 more than its 31 st term.

[CBSE 2006
Example 11 if the 10th term ofan A.P is 52 and 17th term is 20 more than the 13th term, find the A.P

C]

Solution let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the A.P

a 10=52 and a 17=a13 +20

⇒ a+9 d=52∧a+16 d =a+12 d +20

⇒ a+9 d=52∧4 d=20

⇒ a+9 d=52∧d=5

⇒ a=7∧d=5

Hence , the A.P is a , a+ d , a+2 d , a+ 3 d , … i . e . ,7 ,12 , 17 ,22 ,…

Example 12 is 184 a term of the sequence 3,7,11,….?

Solution clearly, the given sequence is an A.P with first term a(=3) and common difference d(=4)
Let the nth term of the given sequence be 184. Then,

a n=184

⇒ a+ ( n−1 ) d =184

1
⇒ 3+ ( n−1 ) × 4=184 ⇒ 4 n=185 ⇒ n=46
4

Since n is not a natural number. So, 184 is not a term of the given sequence.

1 1 3
Example 13 which term of the sequence 20,19 , 18 ,17 , … is the first negative term ?
4 2 4

Solution the given sequence is an A.P in which first term a(=20) and common difference d(=-3/4). Let the
nth term of the given A.P be the fist negative term. Then,

a n< 0

⇒ a+ ( n−1 ) d < 0

83 3 n
⇒ − <0
4 4

⇒ 83−3 n<0

2
⇒ 3 n> 83⇒ n>27 ⇒ n≥ 28
3

Thus , 28th term of the given sequence is the first negative term.

Example 14 the 10th term of an A.P is 52 and 16th term is 82. Find the 32nd term and the general term.

Solution let a be the first and d be the common difference of the given A.P

let the A.P bea 1 , a 2 , a 3 , … a n , . .

it is given that

a 10=52∧, a16=82

⇒ a+ ( 10−1 ) d=52∧, a+ ( 16−1 ) d=82

⇒ a+9 d=52

And,a+ 15 d=82

Subtracting equation (ii) from equation(i), we get

−6 d =−30 ⇒ d=5

Putting d=5 in equation(i),we get

a+ 45=52⇒ a=7

∴ a32=a+ ( 32−1 ) d=7+ 31× 5=162

And, a n=a+ ( n−1 ) d=7 + ( n−1 ) ×5=5 n+2

Hence, a 32=162 and a n=5 n+2

Example 15 the sum, of 5th and 9th term of an A.P is 72 and the sum of 7 th terms is 97.find the A.P

Solution let a be the first term and ‘d’ bre the common difference of the A.P

It is given that

a 5+ a9=72 and ,a 7+ a12=97

⇒ ( a+4 d )+ ( a+8 d ) =72 an d , ( a+ 6 d ) + ( a+11 d )=97

Thus, we have

⇒ 2a+12d=72

⇒ 2 a+17 d=97

Subtracting (i) from(ii) , we get 5d=25⇒ d=5

Putting d=5i n (i) ,we get

2 a+60=72⇒ 2 a=12 a=6

a=6∧d=5

Hence, the A.P is 6,11,16,21,26,..

Example 16 determine the general term of an A.P whose 7th term is −1 and16th term17.

Solution let a be a 1 , a2 , a3 , … , an , …

It is given that

a 7=−1∧a16=17

⇒ a+ ( 7−1 ) d =−1∧, a+ (16−1 ) d=17

⇒ a+6 d=−1
And a+ 15 d=17

Subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii), we get

9d=18⇒ d=2

Putting d=2 in equation (i), we get

a+ 12=−1 ⇒a=−13

Hence, general term=a n=a+ ( n−1 ) d=−13+ ( n−1 ) ×2=2 n−15

Example 17 if five times the fifth term of an A.P is equal to 8 times its eighth term, show that its 13 th
term is zero.

Solution let a 1 , a2 , a3 … , an , …be the A.P with its term a and common difference d.

It is given that

5 a5 =8 a8

⇒ 5 ( a+ 4 d )=8(a+7 d )

⇒ 5 a+ 20 d=8 a+56 d

⇒ 3 a+ 36 d=0

⇒ 3 ( a+ 12d ) =0

⇒ a+12 d=0 ⇒ a+ ( 13−1 ) d=0⇒ a13=0

Hence, 13th term is zero.

Example 18 if the mth term of an A.P be 1/n and nth term be 1/m, then show that its (mn)th term is 1.

Solution let a and d be the first term and common difference respectively of the given A.P then,

1 1
=mth term ⇒ =a + ( m−1 ) d
n n

1 1
⇒ =nth term ⇒ =a+ ( n−1 ) d
m m

On subtracting equation(ii) from equation (i) , we get

1 1 m−n 1
− = ( n−n ) d ⇒ =( m−n ) d ⇒ d=
n m mn mn
 1
Putting d= in equation (i) , we get
mn

1 ( m−1 ) 1 1 1 1
=a+ ⇒ =a+ − ⇒ a=
n mn n n mn mn

1 1
( mn ) theterm=a+ ( mn−1 ) d= + ( mn−1 ) =1
mn mn

Example 19 if the pth term of an A.P is q and the qth term is p, prove that its nth term is (p+q-n).

[CBSE 2008]

Solution let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the given A.P then,

pth term=q ⇒ a+ ( p−1 ) d=q

qth term= p ⇒ a+ ( q−1 ) d= p

Subtracting equation(ii) from equation (i), we get

( p−q ) d=( q− p ) ⇒ d=−1

Putting d=-1 in equation (i), we get

a+ ( p−1 ) × (−1 )=q ⇒ a=( p+ q−1)

∴ n th term=a+ ( n−1 ) d=( p+ q−1 )+ ( n−1 ) × (−1 ) =( p+q−n)

Example 20 if m times the mth term of an A.P n is equal to n times, show that the ( m+n ) th
term of the A . P is zero . [CBSE 2008]

Solution let a be the first term and be the common difference of the given A.P then,(m times m th term)

=(n times nth term)

⇒ m am =n an

⇒ m { a+ ( m−1 ) d }=n {a+ ( n−1 ) d }

⇒ m {a + ( m−1 ) d−n {a+ ( n−1 ) d }=0

⇒ a ( m−n ) + { m ( m−1 )−n ( n−1 ) } d=0

⇒ a ( m−n ) + {( m −n )− ( m−n ) } d =0
2 2

⇒ a ( m−n ) + ( m−n )( m+n−1 ) d=0

(m−n){a+(m+ n−1)d }=0

⇒ a+ ( m+n−1 ) d =0

⇒ am+ n=0

Hence ,(m+n ¿th term of the given A.P is zero

Example 21 if pth , qth∧rth terms of an A.P are a ,b ,c respectively, then show that

(i) a ( q−r )+ b ( r− p ) + c ( p−q )=0 (ii)(a−b)r +(b+c ) p+(c−a)q=0

Solution (i) let A be the first term amd D bethe common difference of the given A.P then,

a= p thterm ⇒ a= A+ ( p−1 ) D …(i)

b=qth term ⇒ b=A ( q−1 ) D … …(ii)

c=r th term ⇒ c= A+ ( r−1 ) D… …(iii)

We have,

a ( q−r )+ b ( r− p ) + c ( p−q )

={ A+ ( p−1 ) D } ( q−r ) + { A+ ( q−1 ) D } ( r− p )+ { A + ( r−1 ) D } ( p−q )

¿ A { ( q−r )+? ( r− p ) + ( p−q ) }+ D { ( p−1 ) ( q−r ) + ( q−1 ) ( r− p ) + ( r −1 ) ( p−q ) }

¿ A ×0+ D { p ( q−r )+ q ( r− p )+ r ( p−q )( q−r )−( r− p )−( p−q ) }

¿ A ×0+ D× 0=0

(ii) Om subtracting equation (ii) from (i) , equation( iii) from equation(ii) and equation (i) from
equation (iii), we get
a−b=( p−q ) D , ( b−c )= ( q−r ) D∧c−a=( r −p ) D
¿ ( a−b ) r + ( b−c ) p+ ( c−a ) q
¿ ( p−q ) Dr+ ( q−r ) Dp+ ( r −p ) Dq
= D {(p−q)r +(q−r ) p+(r− p)q }=¿ D× 0=0

Example 22 how many numbers of two digits are divisible by 7?

Solution weobserve that 14 Is the first two digit number divisible by 7 and 98 is the last two digit number
divisible by7. Thus , we have to determine the number of terms in the sequence

14,21,28,…98

clearly, it is an A.P with first term =14 and common difference =7 i.e a=14 and d=7
Let here be n terms in this A.P. then,

Nth term=98

14+ ( n−1 ) ×7=98

14+ 7 n−7=98

7 n=91 ⇒ n=13

Hence, there are 13 numbers of two digits which are divisible by 7.

Example 23 find the number if integers between 50 and 500 which are divisible by 7.

Solution we observer that 56 is the first integer between 50 and 500 which is divisible by 7. Also , when
we divide 500 by 7 the remainder is 3. Therefore, 500-3=497 is the largest integer divisible by 7 and
lying between 50 and 500. Thus, we have to find the number of terms in an A.P with first term =56 , alast
term=497 and common difference=7 (as the numbers are divisible by 7)

Let there be n terms in the A.P. then ,

a n=497

⇒ a+(n−1)d=497

⇒ 56+ ( n−1 ) ×7=497

⇒ 7 n+ 49=497

⇒ 7 n=448 ⇒ n=64

Thus , there are 64 integers between 50 and 500 which are divisible by 7

Example 24 which 24 which term of the A>P3, 15,27,39,… will be 132 more than its 54 th ? [NCERT]

Solution given A.P is 3,15,27,39…

Clearly , its

First term =3 and, common difference =12

Let nth term of the A.P be 132 more than its 54th term

i.e., a n=132+a54

⇒ a+ ( n−1 ) d =132+(a +54 d )

⇒ 3+12 ( n−1 )=132+¿ 12)

⇒ 12 n−9=771

⇒ 12 n=780⇒ n=65

Hence ,65 th term of the given A.P is 132 more than 54th term

Example 25 two A.P’s have the same common difference. The first term of one of thes is 3, and that of
the other is 8 what is the difference between their

(i) 2nd term ? (ii) 4th term ? (iii) 10th term ? (iv) 30th term?

Solution let the common difference of the two A.P’s be D. then, their nth term are

a n=3+ ( n−1 ) d∧b n=8+ ( n−1 ) d

⇒ an−b n={ 3+ ( n−1 ) d }− { 8+ ( n−1 ) d }

⇒ an−b n=−5 for all nϵN

Hence, a 2−b2=−5 , a4 −b4 =−5 , a10−b 10=−5∧a30−b 30=−5

Example 26 two A.P’s have the same common difference. The difference between their 100 th terms Is
111 222 333. what is the difference their millionth terms ?

Solution let the two A.P’s be a 1 , a2 , a3 , … , an , …∧b1 , b2 , b3 , … . bn , … .

Also , let d be common difference of two A.Ps then,

a n=a1 + ( n−1 ) d∧b n=b 1+ ( n−1 ) d

⇒ an−b n={ a1+ ( n−1 ) d }−{b 1+ ( n−1 ) d }

⇒ an−b n=a 1−b1

Clearly ,a n−b n is independent of n and equal to a 1−b1 ∈other words

a n−b n=a1−b1 for all nϵN

⇒ a100 −b100 =a 1−b1

And, a k −b k =a 1−b1 , where k=10 , 00,000.

But a 100−b100 =111222 333

∴ a1−b1=a 1−b1 =111222 333, where k=10,00,000

Hence , the difference between millionth term is same as the difference between 100 th terms I,.e111 222
333

Example 27 A sum of Rs 1000 is invested at 8 % simple interest per annum. Calculate the interest at the
end of 1,2,3,… year Is the sequence of interest an A.P ? find the interest at the end of 30 years. [NCERT]

Solution let P be the principle , R rate of interest and l n be the interest at the end of n years we know
that

PRn
l n=
100

Here , we have

P=Rs 100 ,∧R=8 % oer annum

∴ l n=Rs ( 1000100× 8× n )=RS 80 n

Putting n=1,2,3,…, wehave

l 1=Rs 80 , l 2=Rs 160 ,l 3=rs 240∧so on .

Since l n is a linear expression in n.therefore, the sequence of interest forms an A.P with common
difference 80.

Also interest at the end of 30years =l 30=Rs ( 80 ×30 ) =Rs 2400

Example 28 in a flower bed there are 23 ros plants in the first row. Twenty one in the second row,
nineteen in the third row and so on, there are five plants in the last row, how many rows are there in
the flower bed? [NCERT]

Solution the number of rose plants in first , second third,…, and last row are respectively.

23,21,19,…,5

Let the number of rows of rose plants be n.

THE sequence 23,21,19…, 5 is an A.P with first term a(=23), common difference d(=(-2) and nth term(=5).

a n=a+ ( n−1 ) d

⇒ 5=23 ( n−1 ) ×−2

⇒ 5=23−2 n+ 2⇒ 20=2 n ⇒ n=10

Hence , there are 10 rows plants

Example 29 suba Rao started work in 1995 at annual salary of Rs 5000 and received a Rs200 raise each
year. In what year did his annual salary will reach Rs 7000? [NCERT]

Solution Annual salary received by suba rao in 1995,1996,1997,… is

Rs 5000, Rs 5200, RS5400,…

Clearly ,it is an arithmetic progression with term a=5000 and common difference d=200

Suppose suba rao’s annual salary reaches to Rs 7000 in nth years. Then,

nth term of the above A.P=RS 7000

⇒ a ( n−1 ) d=7000

⇒ 5000+ ( n−1 ) ×200=7000

⇒ ( n−1 ) ×200=2000

2000
⇒ n−1= ⇒ n−1=10⇒ n=11
200

Thus, 11th annual salary received by suba rao will Rs 7000. This means that after 10 years i.e., in the year
2005 his annual salary will reach to Rs7000.

Example 30 jasleen saved Rs5 in the first week of the year and then increased her weekly savings by
Rs1.75 each week. In what week will her weekly savings Rs 20.75? [NCERT]

Solution suppose jasleen’ s weekly savings wil be Rs.20.75 in the nth week.

Clearly jasleen’s weekly saving form an A.P with first term A+5 and common difference d=1.75

∴ nth term=20.75

⇒ a+ ( n−1 ) d =20.75

⇒ 5+ ( n−1 ) ×1.75=20.75

⇒ ( n−1 ) ×1.75=15.75

15.75
⇒ n−1= ⇒ n−1=9 ⇒ n=10
1.75

Hence, jasleen’s weekly savings will be Rs20.75 in 10thweek.

Exercise 9.3

1. find :
(i) 10th term of the A.P.1,4,7,10,

(ii) 18th term of the A.P. √ 2 ,3 √ 2 ,5 √ 2 , …

(iii) nth term of the A.P . 13,8,3,-2..

(iv) 10th term of the A.P.-40,-15,10,35,..

(v) 8th term of the A.P 117,104,91,78

(vi) 11th term of theA.P.100,10.5,11.0,11.5,…

3 5 7 9
(vii) 9th term of the A.P. , , , ,…
4 4 4 4

2. (i) which term of the A.P 3,8,13,… is 248 ?

(ii) which term of the A.P.84,80,76,… is 0 ?

(iii) which term of the A.P.4,9,14,… is 254 ?

(iv) which term of the A.P.121,117,113,… is its first negative term ?

(v) which term of the A.P. 21,42,63,84,… is 420 ?

3. (i) is 68 a term of the A.P.7,10,13,…?

(ii) is 302 a term of the A.P 3,8,13,…?

(iii) is -150 aterm of the A.P. 11,8,52,…?

4. how many term are there in the A.P ?

5 2 1 10
(i) 7,10,13,…43 (ii) −1 ,− ,− ,− , … , (iii)7 , 13 ,19 ,… , 205.
6 3 2 3

1
(iv) 18,15 , 13 , … ,−47
2

5. the first term of an A.P is 5, the common difference is 3 and last term is 80; find the number of terms.

6. the 6th and 17th terms of an A.P are 19 and 41 respectively, find the 10TH term.

7. if 9th term of an A.P is zero, prove that its 29th term is double the 19th term.

8. if 10 times the 10th term of an A.P is equal to 15 times the 15th term, show that 25th term of the A.P is
zero.

9. the 10th and 18 the terms of an A.p are 41 and 73 respectively. find 26th term
10. in a certain A.P the 24th term is twice the 10th term, prove that the 72nd term is twice the 34th term.

11. if (m+1)th term of an A.P is twice the (n+1)thterm, prove that(3 m+1)th term is twice the

th
(m+n+1)

12. if the nth term of the A . P 9.7.5,… is same as the nth term of the A.P 15,12,9,… find n

13. find the 12th term from the end of the following arithmetic progressions:

(i) 3,5,7,9,…201 (ii) 3,8,13,…253 (iii) 1,4,7,10,…88

14. the 4th term of an A.P is three times the first and the 7th term exceeds twice the third term by 1. Find
the first term and the common difference .

15. fin the second term and nth term of an A.P whose 6th term is 12 and the 8th term is 22

16. how many numbers of two digit are divisible by 3 ?

17. an A.P consists 60 terms .if the first and the last terms be 7 and 125 respectively , find 32 nd term.

18. the sum of 4th and 8th terms of an A.P is 24 and the sum of the 6th and 10th terms is 34 find the term
and common difference of the A.P. [NCERT]

19. the first term of an A.P is 5 and its 100th term is -292 ,. Find the 50th term of this A.P

20. find a 30−a20 for the A . P.

(i) −9 ,−14 ,−19 ,−24 , ..(ii) a , a+ d . a+ 2 d , a+ 3 d . .

21. write the expression a n−a k for the A . P a , a+ d , a+ 2 d , . .

hence , find the common difference of the A.P for which

(i) 11th term is 5 and 13th term is 79.

(ii) a 10−a5=200

(iii) 20th term is 10 more than the 18th term

22. find n if the given value of x is the nth term of the given A.P

(i) 25,50,75,100,…,x=550

(ii) −1 ,−3 ,−5 ,−4 , … ; x=−151

1 1
(iii) 5 ,11 ,16 , 22 , … , x =550
2 2
 21 31 41 171
(iv) 1 , , , , .. , x=
11 11 11 11

23. if an A.P consists of n terms with first term a and nth term l show that the sum of the mth term from
the beginning and the mth term from the end is (a+l). [NCERT]

24. find the arithmetic progression whose third term is 16 and seventh term exceeds its fifth term by 12.

25. the 7th term of an A.P is 32 and its 13th term is 62 find the A.P. [CBSE]

26. which term of the A.p.3,10,17,,… Will be 84 more than its 13 th term ? [CBSE]

27. two arithmetic progressions have the same common difference. The difference between their 100 th
terms is 100 what is the difference between their 100th terms ? [NCERT]

28. for what value of n, the nth terms of the arithmetic progressions 63,65,67,.. and 3,10,17,.. are
equal ? [CBSE 2008]

29. how many multiple of 4 lie between 10 and 250 ? [CBSE 2013]

30. how many three digit numbers are divisible by 7? [CBSE 2006]

31. which term of the arithmetic progression 8,14,20,26,…will be 72 more than its 41 st [CBSE 2006]

32. find the term of the arithmetic progression 9,12,15,18,.. which is 39 more than its 36 th [CBSE 2005]

33. find the 8th term from the end of the A.P 7<10,13,…184 [CBSE 2006]

34. find the 10th term from the end of the A.P 8,10,12,…126 [CBSE 2006]

35. the sum of 4th and 8th term of an A.P is 24 and sum of 6th and 10th term is 44. Find the A.P[CBSE2005]

36. which term of the A.P .3.15.27,39,… will be 1230 more than its 21 st term ? [CBSE 2005]

37. the 17th term of an A.P is 5 more than twice its 8th term .if the 11th term of the A.P is 43. [CBSE 2009]

Find the nth term.

38. find the number of all three digit natural numbers which are divisible by 9. [CBSE 2012]

39. the 19th term of an A.P is equal to 6times its sixth term. If its 9th term is 19,find the A.P [CBSE 2013]

40. the 9th term of an A.P is equal to 6times its second term. If its 5th term is 22 , find the A.P[CBSE 2013]

41.the 24th term of an A.P is twice its 10th term. show that its 72nd term is 4times 15th term. [CBSE 2013]

____________________________________________________________________________ANSWERS

(1) (i) 28 (ii) 35√ 2 (iii) −5 n+18 (iv) 185

 19
(v) 26 (vi) 15 (vii)
4

2. (i) 50 (ii) 22 (iii) 51 (iv) 20th term

(v) 32nd

3. (i) NO (ii) NO (iii) NO

4. (i) 13 (ii) 27 (iii) 34 (iv) 27

5. (i) 26 6. 87 9. 105 12. 7

13 (i) 179 (ii) 198 (iii) 55

14. first term=3,common difference=2

15.a 2=−8 , an =5 n−18

−1 5
16. 30 17. 69 18. , 19.−142
2 2

20. (i) -50 (ii) 10d

21. (i) (n-k)d,37 (ii) 40 (iii) 5

22.(i) 40 (ii) 76 (iii) 100 (iv) 17

24. 4,10,16, 22,…. 25. 2,7,12,17,…..

26. 25th 27. 100 28. 13 29. 60 30. 128 31. 23rd

32. 49th 33. 163 34. 108 35. −13 ,−8 ,−3 , 2 ,7 …. 36. 31st 37. 4 n−1

38. 100 39. 3,5,7,9,…… 40. 2,7,12,17,…

9.5 SELECTION OF TERM IN AN A.P

Some times we require certain number of terms in A.P the following ways of selecting terms are
generally very convenient.

Number of term terms common difference

3 a−d , a , a+d d

4 a−3 d , a−d , a+ d ,a+ 3 d 2d

5 a−2 d , a−d , a , a+ d , a+ 2d d

6 a−5 d , a−3 d , a−d , a+d , a+3 d , a+5 d 2d

It should be noted that in case of an odd number of terms, the middle term is a and the common
difference is d while in case of an even number of terms the middle terms are a−d , a+d and the
common difference is 24

Remark if three number a,b,c in order are in A.P. then,

b-a=common differenc=c-b

⇒ b−a=c−b

⇒ 2 b=a+ c

Thus a,b,c are in A.P

Remark 2 if a, b, c are in A.P ., then b is known as the arithmetic mean ( AM )between a andC .

Remark 3 if if a ,b ,c are in A.P then

a+ b
2 c=a+ b ⇒ c=
2

a+b
Thus, A.M. between a and b is
2

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
Example 1 the sum of three number in A.P is −3 , and their product is 8 find the numbers,

Solution let the numbers be (a-b),a,(a+d). then,

Sum of number=-3 ⇒ ( a−b ) +a ( ad )=−3⇒ 3 a=−3 ⇒ a=−1

Now product if numbers =8

⇒ ( a−d ) ( a )( a+ d )=8

⇒ a ( a2−d 2) =8

⇒ (−1 ) ( 1−d 2 )=8

2
⇒ d =9 ⇒ d=± 3

If d=3, the numbers are −4 ,−1 2. if d=−3 , the numbers are2 ,−1 ,−4.

Thus , the , the number are −4 ,−1 , 2 ,−1 ,−4.

Example 2 find four numbers in A.P whose sum is 20 and the sum of whose squares is 120 [CBSE 2005]
Solution let the numbers be ( a−3 d ) , ( a−d ) , ( a+ d ) , ( a +3 d ) . then ,

Sum of number=20

⇒ ( a−3 d ) + ( a−d ) + ( a+d ) + ( a+3 d )=20 ⇒ 4 a=20⇒ a=5

It is given that sum of the squares=120

2 2 2 2
⇒ (a−3 d) +(a−d) +(a+d ) +(a+3 d) =120
2 2
⇒ 4 a +20 d =120
2 2
⇒ a + 5 d =30
2
⇒ 25+5 d =30
2
⇒ 5 d =5 ⇒ d=± 1

If d=1, then the number are 2,46,8. If d=-1then the numbers are 8,6,4,2

Thus , the numbers are 2,4,6,8 or 8,6,4,2

Example 3 divide 32 into four parts which are in A.P such that the product of extremes is to the product
of means is 7:15

Solution let the four parts be (a−3 d )+(a−d )+(a+d )+(a+ 3 d)=¿32 ⇒ 4 a=32⇒ a=8

It is given that

( a−3 d ) (a+3 d ) 7
=
( a−d ) (a+ d) 15
2 2
a −9 d 7
⇒ 2 =
a −d 15
2

2
64−9 d 7 2 2
⇒ 2
= ⇒ 128 d =512 ⇒ d =4 ⇒ d=± 2
64−d 15

Thus, the four parts are a−3 d , a−d , a+ d∧a+ 3 d i . e . ,2 , 6 , 10 ,14

Solution since,2x,x+10,3x+2 are in A.P

2 ( x+10 )=2 x+(3 x+ 2)

⇒ 2 x +20=5 x +2

⇒ 3 x=18 ⇒ x=6
Example 5 if the numbers a,b,c ,d,e form an A.P., then find the value of a−4 d +6 c−4 d +e .

b=a+ D , c=a+2 D , D=a+3 D∧e=a+ 4 D

⇒ a−4 b+6 c−4 d+ e=a−4 ( a+ D ) +6 ( +2 D )−4 ( a+3 D )+(a+ 4 D)

⇒ a−4 b+6 c−4 d+ e=a−4 d+ 6 a−4 a+ a−4 D+12 D−a+4 D

⇒ a−4 b+6 c−4 d+ e=a−4 a+6 a−4 a+a−4 D+12 D−12 D+ 4 D

⇒ a−4 b+6 c−4 d+ e=0

n +1 n +1
a +b
Example6 if n n is the A.M between a and b then, find the value of n. [CBSE 2009]
a +b

Solution we have,

a+b
A.M between a and b=
2
n +1 n+ 1
a +b
It is given that n n
is the A . M between a and b
a +b
n +1 n+ 1
a +b a+ b
n n
=
a +b 2

⇒ 2 ( a n+1 +b n+1 )=( an +b n ) (a+ b)

n+1 n+ 1 n +1 n n n+1
⇒2a +2 b =a + a b + a b+b
n+1 n+1 n n
⇒a +b =a b +a b
n+1 n n n +1
⇒a −a b=a b −b
n n
⇒ a ( a−b )=b (a−b)
n n
⇒ a =b

() ()
n n 0
a a a
⇒ n
=1 ⇒ = ⇒ n=0
b b b

EXERCISE 9.4
1. The sum of three terms of an A.P. is A.P 21 and the product of the first and the third terms exceeds
the second term by 6, find three terms.

2.Three numbers are in A.P if the sum of these numbers be 27 and the product 648, find the numbers.

3. Find the four numbers are in A.P., whose sum is 50 and in which the greatest number is 4 times the
least.

4. The angles of a quadrilateral are in A.P whose common difference is 10° . Find the angles.

5. The sum of three numbers in A.P is 12 and the sum of their cubes is 288. Find the numbers.

6. Find the value of x for which (8 x +4 ),(6 x −2)( 2 x +7)are in A.P

7. if x +1 ,3 x∧4 x+ 2 are∈ A . P ., find the value of x .

8.Show that ( a−b )2 ,(a2 +b2 ) and (a+ b)2 are ∈ A . P

ANSWERS

1. 1,7,13 2. 6,9,12 3. 5,10,15,20 4. 75 ° ,85 ° , 95 ° , 105 °

5. 2,4,6 or 6,4,2 6.15/2 7.3

9.6 sum ti n terms of an A.P

Theorem the sum Sn of n terms of an A . P with first term’a’ and common difference ‘d’ is

n
sn= {2 a+ ( n−1 ) d }
2

n
Or, sn= { a+l } , where l=last term=a+ ( m−1 ) d
2

Proof let a 1 , a2 , a3,…. Be an A.P with first a and common difference d. then,

a 1=a , a2=a+d , a3=a+2 d , a4 =a+3 d , … , an=a+ ( n−1 ) d

Now, Sn=a1 +a2 + a3 +… .+a n−1 + an

⇒ S n=a+ ( a+d ) + ( a+ 2 d )+ …+ ( a+ ( n−2 ) d ) +{a+ ( n−1 ) d }

Writing the above series in a reverse order , we get

Sn= { a+ ( n−1 ) d } + { a + ( n−2 ) d } + …+ ( a+ d )+ a

Adding the corresponding terms of term of equations (i) and(ii), we get

2 S n=¿

⇒ 2 Sn=n { 2 a+ ( n−1 ) d }

n
⇒ S n= { 2 a+ ( n−1 ) d }
2

Now, l=¿ last term = nth term¿ a+ ( n−1 ) d

n n n
∴ S n= { 2 a+ ( n−1 ) d }= [a+ ( n−1 ) d }]= {a+l }
2 2 2

n
Note 1 in the formula Sn= { 2 a+ ( n−1 ) d } , there are four quantities viz. Sn , a , n∧d . if any such cases
2
remaining two quantities are provided by some other relation.

Note 2 in the sum Sn of n terms of a sequence is given, then nth term a n of the sequence can be
determined by using the following formula

a n=Sn−S n−1

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1 find the sum of 20 terms of the A.P 1,4,7,10…

Solution let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the given A.P then, we have

a=1∧d=3

We have to find the sum of 20 terms of the given A.P

n
Putting a=1 , d=3 , n=20 in sn= { 2 a+ ( n−1 ) d } , we≥¿
2

20
s20= { 2× 1+ ( 20−1 ) ×3 }=10 ×59=590
2

Example 2 if the nth term of an A.P is (2n+1), find the sum of first n terms of the A.P

Solution we have ,

a n=( 2 n+1 ) ⇒ a1=2× 1+ 1=3

So, the given sequence is an A.P with first term a=a 1=3 and last term l=an=2 n+1

Therefore, the sum of n terms is given by

 n n n
Sn= ( a+l )= { 3+ ( 2 n+1 ) } = ( 2 n+4 )=n (n+2)
2 2 2

Example 3 find the sum of first 30 terms of an A.P whose term is 2 and seventh term is 22

Solution let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the given A.P then,

a 2=2∧a7=22

⇒ a+d=2∧a+6 d=22

Solving these two equations, we get a=−2 and d=4

30
∴ s 30= {2 × (−2 )+(30−1)× 4 }
2

⇒ S30=15 (−4+116 )=15 × 112=1630

Hence, the sum of first 30 term is 1680

Example 4 find the sum of first 20 terms of an A.P., in which 3rd term is 7 and 7th term is two more than
thrice of its 3rd term.

Solution let A be the first term and d be the common difference of the given A.P then

a 3=7 and a 7=3 a3 +2

⇒ a+2 d=7∧¿ a+ 6 d=3(a+2 d )+2

⇒ a+2 d=7∧a=−1

⇒ a=−1 , d=4

n
Putting n=20, a=-1 and d=4 in Sn= { 2 a+ ( n−1 ) d } . we get
2

20 20
S20= { 2×−1+ ( 20−1 ) ×4 }= (−2+76 )=740 \
2 2

Example 5 find the sum of first n natural numbers.

Solution first n natural numbers are 1,2, 3,4,…,(n-1),n.

Let Sn denote the required .then

n
Sn= ( 1+ n )
2
 n(n+1)
⇒ S n=
2

Example 6 The sum of first six terms of an arithmetic progression is 42. The ratio of its 10th term to its
30th term is 1,3 calulate the first and the thirteenth term of the A.P [CBSE 2009]

Solution let A be the first term and d be the common difference of the given A.P then,

6
S6 =42 ⇒ { 2 a+ ( 6−1 ) d } =2 a+5 d=42⇒ 2a +5 d=14
2

It is given that

a 10 :a 30=1:3

a+ 9 d 1
⇒ =
a+29 d 3

⇒ 3 a+ 27 d=a +29 d

⇒ 2 a−2 d=0

⇒ a=d

Solving (i) and (ii) , we get a=d=2

∴ a13=a+12 d=2+2 ×12=26

Hence , first term=2 and thirdteenth term=26.

Example 7 find sum of all three digit natural numbers, which are divisible by 7 [CBSE 2006]

Solution the smallest and the largest numbers of three digits, which are divisible by 7 are 105 and 994
respectively. so, the sequence pf three digit numbers which are divisible by 7 are 105,112,116,…,994.
Clearly, it is an A.P with first term=105 and common difference d=7

Let there be n terms in this sequence. Then

⇒ an=994 a+ ( n−1 ) d=994 ⇒ 105+ ( n−1 ) × 7=994 ⇒ n=128

n
Now required sum= {3 a+ ( n−1 ) d }
2

128
⇒ required ∑ ¿ { 2 ×105+ ( 12−1 ) × 7 }=70336
2

Example 8 find the sum of all natural numbers between 250 and 1000 which are exactly divisible by 3.[]
Solution clearly, the numbers between 250 and 1000 which are divisible by 3 are252,255,258,..999

This is an A.P with first term a=252, common difference =3 and last term=999

Let there be n terms in this A.P then

a n=999

⇒ a+ ( n−1 ) d =999

⇒ 252+ ( n−1 ) ×3=999

⇒ n=250

n 250
∴ requried ∑ ¿ Sn= ( a+l )= ( 252+ 999 )=156375
2 2

Example 9 find the sum of all odd integers between 2 and 100 divisible by 3.

Solution the odd integer between 2 and 100 which are divisible by 3 are

3,9,15,21,…999.

Clearly , it is an A.P with first term a=3 and , common difference d=6

Let there be n terms in this sequence. Then,

a n=90

⇒ a+ ( n−1 ) d =99

⇒ 3+ ( n−1 ) ×6=99 ⇒ n=17

n 17
∴required sum¿ Sn= ( a+l )= ( 3+99 ) =867
2 2

Example 10 how many terms of the series 54,51,48,… be taken so that their sum 513? Explain the
double answer. [CBSE 2005]

Solution clearly. the given sequence is an A.P with term a(-54) and common differenced d (¿−3). Let
the sum of n terms be 513. Then

Sn=513

n
⇒ { 2 a+ ( n−1 ) d }=513
2
 n
⇒ { 108+ ( n−1 ) ×−3 }=513
2
2
⇒ n −37 n+342=0

⇒ ( n−18 ) ( n−19 )=0 ⇒n=18∨,19

Here, the common difference is negative . so, 19th is 513.

1 2
Example 11 find the number of terms in the series20+19 +18 + … of which the sum is 300 explain
3 3
the double answer.

Solution the given se2ries ia an arithmetic series with first term a(=20) and the common

( 23 ) .let the ∑ of n terms be 300. then,

Differenc d ¿−

sn=300

n
⇒ { 2 a+ ( n−1 ) d }=300
2

⇒
n
2{2 ×20+ ( n−1 ) ( )}
−2
3
=300

2
⇒n −61 n+900=0 ⇒ ( n−25 ) ( n−36 )=0 ⇒n=25∨.36

So, sum of 25terms =sum of 36terms =300

Here, the common difference is negative therefore terms go on diminishing and 31 st term becomes zero.
All terms after 31st term are negative, these negative terms when added to positive terms from26th
term to 30th term, they cancel out each other and the and the sum remains same.

Hence. The sum of 25 terms as well as that of 36 term is 300.

2
Example 12 if Sn the sum of first n terms of an A.P is given Sn=5 n + 3 n , then find its nth term.
[CBSE2009]

Solution let a n be the nth term of the A.P then

a n=Sn−S n−1

a n=( 5 n2 +3 n ) −{5 ¿

⇒ an=( 5 n 2+3 n )−(5 n2−7 n+2)

⇒ an=10 n−2
2
3n 5n
Example 13 in an A.P the sum of first n terms is + . Find its 25th term[CBSE 2006]
2 2

Solution let Sn denote the sum of n terms of an A.P whose nth term is a n

2
3n 5n
Sn = +
2 2

3 5
⇒ s n−1 = ¿+ (n−1)
2 2

∴⟹ Sn- Sn−1 = { }
3 n2 5 n
+ −¿
2 2

⟹a n = {n −¿
3 2
2

⟹ a n= (2n-1)+
3 5
2 2

⟹a 25 =
3 5 3 5
( 2 ×25−1 )+ = × 49+ =76
2 2 2 2

Example 14 The sum of the third and seventh terms of an A.P. is 6 and their
product is 8. Find the sum of first sixteen terms of the A.P.

Solution let a the first term and d be the common difference of the A.P.

We have,

a 3+ a7=6∧a3 a7=8

⟹(a+2d)+(a+6d) = 6 and (a+2d)(a+6d) = 8

⟹ 2a+8d = 6 and (a+2d) (a+6d) = 8

⟹ a = 3-4d and (a+2d)(a+6d) = 8

⟹(3-2d)(3+2d) = 8

⟹9-4d 2=8⟹ 4 d 2 = 1⟹ d 2 =
1 1
⟹ d=±
4 2
Case I When d=
1
2

Putting d = in a = 3-4d, we get

1
2

A = 3-4 × =3−2=1
1
2

∴ S16= { } = 8× = 76
16 1 19
{ 2 a+ ( 16−1 ) d }=8 2× 1+ 15×
2 2 2

Case II When d =
−1
2

Putting d = - in a =3-4d, we get a = 3+2 = 5

1
2

∴ S16 = {2a+(16-1)d}⟹ S16 = 8 10+15 ×−

{ } = 8× = 20
16 1 5
2 2 2

Example 15 if the m th terms of an A.P. is and the nth term is , show that the
1 1
n m
sum of mn terms is (mn+1).
1
2

Solution let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the given A.P.
then,

a m= ⟹a+(m-1)d =
1 1
n n

a n= − ⟹ (m-n) ⟹(m-n) d = ⟹d=

1 1 (m−n) 1
n m mn mn

Putting d = is equation (I), we get

1
mn

A+(m-1) =
1 1
mn n

⟹a+ − = ⟹ a=
1 1 1 1
n mn n mn

Smn =
mn
{2 a+ ( mn−1 ) d }
2
⟹ Smn= { = ¿) }
mn 2 1 1
+(mn−1)×
2 mn mn 2

Example 16 The sum of n, 2n, 3n terms of an A.P. are S1 , S 2 , S3 respectively. Prove

that

Solution let a be the first terms and d be the common difference of the given A.P.
then,

S1 = Sum of n terms ⟹ S1 =
n
{2 a+ ( n−1 ) d }
2

S2=∑ ¿ of 2n terms ⟹ S2 =
2n
{2 a+ ( 2n−1 ) d }
2

And, S3 = Sum of 3n terms ⟹ S3 = {2a+(3n-1)d}

3n
2

Now,

S2−S 1 = {2a+(2n-1)d}- {2 a+(n−1)d}

2n n
2 2

⟹ S2−S 1 =
n n
2
[ 2 { 2 a+ (2 n−1 ) d }− {2 a+ ( n−1 ) d } ] = {2 a+ (3 n−1 ) d }
2

∴3( S2−S 1 ¿= {2 a+ ( 3 n−1 ) d }= S3

3n
2

Hence, S3=3 (S 2−S1 )

Example 17 The sums of n terms of the three arithmetical progressions are S14 , S2
and S3 . The first terms of each is unity and the common difference are 1 , 2 and 3
respectively. Prove that S1+ S3 = 2 S3.

Solution we have,

S1 = sum of n terms of an A.P. with first terms 1 and common difference 1

⟹ S1 = {2×1+(n−1)×1 } = (n+1)
n n
2 2

S2 = Sum of n terms of an A.P with first term 1 and common difference 2

⟹ S2 = {2×1+(n−1) ×2 }=n2
n
2

S3= Sum of n terms of an A.P. with first term 1 and common difference 3.

⟹ S3 =
n n
{ 2× 1+ ( n−1 ) × 3 }= (3 n−1)
2 2

Now, S1 + S3 = ( n+ 1 )+ (3 n−1) = 2n2 and S2=n

n n 2
2 2

Hence, S1 + S2 =2 S2

Example 18 if in an A.P. the sum of m terms is equal to n and the sum of n terms is
equal to m, then prove that the sum of (m+n) term is –(m+n).

Solution let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the given A.P.
Then,

Sm =n ⟹ {2a+(m-1)d } = n
m
2

⟹2am+m(m-1)d= 2n

And, Sn = m

⟹ {2 a+ ( n−1 ) d }
n
2

=m

⟹2an+n (n-1)d =2m

Subtracting equation (II) from equation (I), we get

2a(m-n)+{m(m-1)-n(n-1)}d =2n -2m

⟹2a(m-n)+{(m 2−n 2)-(m-n)}d = -2(m-n)

⟹2a+(m+n-1) d= -2

Now,

Sm +n = {(2a+(m+n-1)d}
m+ n
2

⟹ Sm +n =
( m+ n )
(−2)
2
⟹ Sm +n = -(m+n)

Example 19 if the sum of m terms of an A.P. is the same as the sum of its n terms,
show that the sum of its (m+n) terms is zero.

Solution let a be the first terms and d be the common difference of the given A.P.
then,

Sm = Sn

⟹
m n
{ 2 a+ ( m−1 ) d } = {2 a+ ( n−1 ) d }
2 2

⟹2a(m-n)+{m(m-1)-n(n-1)}d= 0

⟹2a(m-n)+{(m 2−n 2 ¿−(m−n)}d=0

⟹(m-n){2a+(m+n-1)d= 0

Sm +n =
m+ n
{2a+ ( m+ n−1 ) d }
2

⟹ Sm +n = × 0= 0
m+ n
2

Example 20 The sum of the first p, q, r term of an A.P. a, b,c respectively. show
that

( q−r ) + ( r−q ) + ( p−q) = 0

a b c
p q r

Solution let A be the first term and D be the common difference of the given A.P.
then,

a = Sum of p terms

⟹a =
p
{2 A+ ( p−1 ) D }
2

⟹
2a
={2 A + ( p−1 ) D }
p

b = Sum of q terms

⟹b =
q
{2 A + ( q−1 ) D}
2
⟹
2b
={2 A + ( q−1 ) D }
q

And, c = sum of r terms

⟹c = {2A+(r-1)D}
r
2

⟹
2c
={2 A+ ( r−1 ) D }
r

Multiple equation (i), (II), And (III) by (q-r), (r-p) and (p-q) respectively and
adding we get

(q-r)+ (r− p)+ ( p−q)

2a 2b 2c
p q r

={2A+(p-1)D} (q-r)+{2A+(q-1)D}(r-p)+{2A+(r-1)D}(p-q)

=2A(q-r+r-p-q)+D{(p-1)(q-r)+(q-1)(r-p)+(r-1)(p-q)}

=2A× 0+ D× 0=0

Example 21 The ration of the sum of n terms of two AP’s is (7n+1) : (4n+27).
Find the ratio their mth terms.

Solution let a 1 , a2 be the first terms and d 1 , d 2 the common difference of the two
given A.P’s. then, the sums of their n term are given by

Sn = {a +(n-1)d 1 } , and Sn = {2 a2 + ( n−1 ) d 2 }

n ' n
2 1 2

n
∴ = =
Sn 2 {2 a1 + ( n−1 ) d 1 } 2 a 1+(m +1) d
1
'
sn n 2 a2 +( n−1) d 2 } 2 a2+ ( n−1 ) d 2
2

It is given that

=
sn 7 n+1
'
Sn 4 n+ 27

⟹2 a1 +¿ ¿

To find the ration of the mth terms of the two given A.P.’s , we replace n by
(2m-1) in equation (i).
Replacing n by (2m-1) in equation (I), we get

∴ =
2 a1+(2 m−2)d 1 7 ( 2m−1 )+ 1
2 a2 + ( 2 m−2 ) d 2 ¿¿

⟹
a1 +( m,−1)d 1 14 m−6
=
a2 +(m−1)d 2 8 m+ 23

Hence, the ratio of the mth terms of the two A.P’s is (14m-6):(8m+23).

Example 22 The ratio of the sum of m and terms of an A.P. is m 2 : n2. Show that
the ratio of the mth and nth terms is (2m-1):(2n-1).

Solution let a be the first terms and d the common difference of the given A.P.
Then, the sums of m and n terms are given by

Sm = { 2 a+ ( m−1 ) d } , and Sn = {2 a+ ( n−1 ) d } respectively.

m n
2 2

Then,

S m m2
=
Sn n2

m
{2 a+ ( m−1 ) d }
⟹
2 m2
= 2
n
{2 a+ ( n−1 ) d } n
2

⟹
2 a+ ( m−1 ) d m
=
2 a+ ( n−1 ) d n

⟹{2a+(m-1)d}n={2a+(n-1)d}m

⟹2a(n-m)=d{(n-1)m-(m-1)n}

⟹2a(n-m)=d(n-m)

⟹d =2a

∴ = =
T m a+ ( m−1 ) d a+ ( m−1 ) 2 a 2 m−1
=
T n a+ ( n−1 ) d a+ ( n−1 ) 2 a 2n−1

Example 23 if there are (n2n+1) terms in A.P., then prove that the ratio of the
sum of odd terms and the sum of even terms is (n+1) :n
Solution let a and d be the first terms and common difference respectively of
the given A.P. let a k denote the k th terms of the given A.P. then,

a k = a+(k-1)d

Now, S1 = Sum of odd terms

⟹ S1= a 1+a 3+ a5 +¿…….+a 2n +1

⟹ S1 = {a 1+a 2n +1 }
n+1
2

⟹ S1 = {a+a+(2n+1-1)d}
n+1
2

⟹ S1 = (n+1)(a+nd)

And, S2 = Sum of even terms

S2 = a 2+ a4 + a6 +… … . a2 n

⟹ S2= [a2 +a 2 n]
n
2

⟹ S2 =
n
{ ( a+d ) +{a+ ( 2 n−1 ) d }
2

⟹ S2=n(a+ nd)

∴ S1 :S 2 = (n+1) (a+nd):n(a+nd) = (n+1):n

Example 24 a manufacturer of TV sets produced 600 units in the third year and
700 units in the seventh year. Assuming that the product increases uniformly
by a fixed number every year, find the production in (I) and the first (II) the
10th year (III) 7 years. [NCERT]

Solution since the production increases uniformly by a fixed number every

year. Therefore, the sequence formed by the production in different year is an
A.P.

Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the A.P. formed i.e,
‘a’ denoted the production in the first year and d denoted the number of units
by which the production increased every year.
We have,

a 3 = 600 and a 7 = 700

⟹a+2d = 600 and a+6d = 700

Solving these equation, we get

A= 550 and = 25

(I) we have , a= 550

∴ Production in the first year is of 550 TV sets.

(II) we have,

Production in the 10th year = a 10 = a+9d =550+9x25 =775

So, production in 10th year is of 775 TV sets.

(III) we have,

Total production in 7 years.

= Sum of 7 terms of the A.P. with first terms a (=550 ) and common difference

d(=25).

=
7
{2× 550+(7−1)× 25 }
2

= ( 1100+150 )=4375
7
2

Thus, the total production in 7 years is of 4375 TV sets.

Example 25 A contract on construction job specifies a penalty for delay of

completion beyond a certain date as follow : Rs 200 for the first day, Rs 250
for the second day, Rs 300 for the third day, etc; the penalty for each
succeeding day being Rs 50 more than for the preceding day. How much does
a days cost the contractor? [NCERT]

Solution Since the penalty for each succeeding day is Rs 50 more than for the
preceding day. Therefore, amount of penalty for different day forms an . A.P.
with first term a(=200) and common different d (=50). We have to find how
much does a delay of 30 days cost the contractor? In other words, we have to
find the sum of 30 terms of the A.P.
∴ Required sum =
30
{2 × 200+(30−1)×50 }
2

⟹ Required sum = 15(400+29×50 ¿

⟹Required sum = 15(400+1450)

⟹ Required sum = 15×1850=27750

Thus, a delay of 30 days will cost the contractor of Rs 27750.

Example 26 A sum of Rs 280 is to be used to award four prizes. If each prize

after the first in
Rs 20 less than its preceding prize, find the value of each of the prizes.
[NCERT]

Solution The value of four prizes form an A.P. with common difference d= -20
the sum of whose terms is 280.

Let the value of first prize be Rs a. then,

Sum = 280

⟹
4
{ 2 a+ ( 4−1 ) ×−20 }=280
2

⟹2(2a-60) = 280 ⟹a-30= 70⟹a = 100

Hence, the value of 4 prize are Rs 100, Rs 80, Rs 60 and Rs 40..

Example 27 In a school, student throught of planting trees in and around the

school to reduce noise pollution and air pollution. It was decided that the
number of trees that each section of each class will plant be the same as the
class in which they are studying e.g. – a section of I class will plant 1 tree, a
section of II class will plant 2 trees and so on a section of class XII will plant 12
trees. There are three section of each class. How many trees will be planted by
the students?

Solution Since each section of each class plants the same number of trees as
the class number and there are three section of each class.

∴ Total number of trees planted by the students

= 3[1+2+3+…..+12]
=3 [ {2× 1+(12−1)×1 = 3{6(2+11)}=18×13=234
]
12
2

Example 28 200 logs are stacked in the following manner : 20 logs in the
bottom row, 19 in the next row, 18 in the row next to it and son on (see fig .
9.1). In how many rows 200 logs are placed and how many logs are in the top
row?

Solution Suppose 200 logs are stacked in n rows.

There are 20 logs in the first row and number of logs in a row is one less than
the number logs in the preceding row. So, number of logs in various rows from
an A.P. with first term a( =20) and common difference of an A.P. with a= 20
and d = - 1) = 200

⟹
n
{2 a+ ( n−1 ) d } =200
2

⟹ {2× 20+(n−1)×−1=200
n
2

⟹ ( 40−n+ 1 )=200
n
2

⟹ n (41-n) = 400

⟹ n2 −41 n+400=0

⟹(n-25)(n -16) = 0

⟹ n = 16 or n = 25

Now,

If n = 25, then number of logs in 25th row in equal to 25th terms of an A.P. with
first term 20 and common difference -1.

∴ Number of logs in 25th row = a+24d = 20-24 = -4

Clearly, this is not meaningful.

∴ n = 16.
Thus, logs are placed in 16 row

= Number of logs in 16th row

= 16th term of an A.P, with a = 20 and d= -1

= a+15d

= 20+15×−1=5

Hence , there are 5 logs in the top row.

Example 29 Raghov bus a shop for Rs 1,20,000. He play half of the amount in
cash and agrees to play the balance in 12 annual instalments of Rs 5000 each.
If the rate of interest is 12% and he pays with the instalment the interest due
on the unpaid amount, find the total cost of the shop.

Solution Raghav pays half of Rs 1,20,000 i.e. Rs60,000 in cash and the balance
Rs 60,000 in 12 annual instalment of Rs 5000 each. With each instalment he
pays interest on the unpaid amount at the rate of 12% per annum.

∴ Amount of first instalment = Rs 5000+interest on unpaid amount of Rs

60000

= Rs 5000+Rs ( 100 × 60000)

12

= Rs 5000+Rs 7200= Rs 12200

∴Amount of second instalment = Rs 5000+interest on unpaid amount of Rs

55000

= Rs 5000+ Rs ( 100 × 55000)= Rs 5000+Rs 6600

12

=Rs11600

∴ Amount of third instalment = Rs 5000+Interest on unpaid amount of Rs

f55000

= Rs 5000+ Rs ( 100 × 50000)

12

= Rs 5000+Rs 6000

= Rs 11000
Clearly, amount of various instalments form an A.P. with first term Rs 12200
and common difference – 600

∴ Total cost of the shop = Rs [60, 000+sumof 12 instalment ]

=Rs [60,000+ {2 ×12200+ ( 12−1 ) × (−600 ) }]

12
2

= Rs [ 60,000+6(24,000-6,600)]

= Rs [ 60,000+1,06,800] =Rs 1,66,800

Example 30 The digits of a positive integer, having three digits are in A.P. and
their sum of 15. The number obtained by reversing the digit is 594 less than
the original number. Find the number.

Solution let the digits at once, tens and hundreds place be (a-d) , a and (a+d)

Respectively. then, the number is

(a+d)×100+a×10+(a−d ) = 111a+99d

The number obtained by reversing the digits is

(a-d)×100+a×10+(a−d ) = 111a-99d

It is given that the sum of the digits is 15.

Also, it is given that the number obtained by reversing the digits is 594 less
than the original number.

∴ 111a-99d =111a+99d-594

⟹3a=15 and 198d = 594

⟹ a = 5 and d = 3

Example 31 Two cars start together in the same direction from the same place.
The first goes with uniform speed of 10km/h. The second goes at a speed of 8
km/h in the first and increases the speed by ½ km in each succeeding hour.
After how many hours will the second card overtake the first car if both cars go
non-stop?

Solution Suppose the second car overtakes the first car after t hours. Then ,
the two cars travel the same distance in t hours
Distance travelled by the first car in t hours = 10 t km.

Distance travelled by the second car in t hours.

= Sum of t terms of an A.P. with first term 8 and common difference ½.

= { } =
t 1 t ( t+ 31 )
2× 8+ ( t−1 ) ×
2 2 4

When the second car overtakes the first car, we have

10t= =40t=t 2+ 31t ⟹ t 2−9 t=0 ⟹ t ( t−9 )=0 ⟹ t=9

t ( t+ 31 )
4

Thus, the second car will overtake the first car in 9 hours.

Example 32 A man repays a loan of Rs 3250 by paying Rs 20 in the first month

and then increase the payment by Rs 15 every month. How long will it take him
to clear the load ?

Solution Suppose the load in cleared in n months. Clearly, the amount form an
A.P. with first terms 20 and the common difference 15.

∴ Sum of the amounts = 3250

⟹
n
{2 ×20+ ( n−1 ) ×15 }=3250
2

⟹ ( 40+15 n−15 )=3250

n
2

⟹n(15n+25) = 65000

⟹15n2 +25 n−6500=0

⟹ 3n2 +5 n−1300=0

⟹n= 20 r, n = ⟹ n = 20
−65
3

Thus, the load in cleared in 20 months.

Example 33 150 workers were engaged to finish a pieces of work in a certain

number of days. Four worker dropped the second day, four more workers
dropped the third day and so on. It takes 8 more days to finish the work now.
Find the number of days in which the work was completed.
Solution Suppose the work is completed in n days when the workers started
dropping. Since 4 workers are dropped on every day except the first day.
Therefore, the total number of workers who worked all the n days is the sum of
m terms of an A.P. with first term 150 and common difference -4

i.e., {2× 150+(n−1)×−4 } = n = (152-2n)

n
2

Had the workers not dropped then the work would have finished it in (n-8) days
with 150 workers working on each days is 150(n-8).

∴ n(150-2n)= 150(n-8)

⟹152n-n2 = 150n -1200

⟹2n2 −2n−1200=0

⟹n2 −n−600=0

⟹(n-25)(n+24)= 0

⟹n = 25

Hence, the work is completed in 25 days.

Example 34 Along a road lie on odd number of stones placed at intervals of 10

meters. These stones have to be assembled around the middle stone. A person
can carry only one stone at a time. A man carried the job with one of the end
stone by carrying then in succession. In carrying the stone the covered distance
of 3 km. find the number of stones.

Solution let there (2n+1) stones. Clearly, one stone lies in the middle and n
stone on each side of it in a row. Let P be the mid-stone and let A and B be the
end stone on the left and right of P respectively.

Clearly, there are n intervals each of length 10 meters on both sides of P. Now,
suppose the man starts from A. He picks the end stone on the left of mid-stone
and goes to the mid.-stone, drops it and goes to (n-1)th stone on left, pick it up,
goes to the mid- stone and drops it. This process is repeated till he collects all
stone on the left of the mid-stone at the mid-stone. So, distance covered in
collecting stones on the left of the mid-stones is

10× n+2[10× ( n−1 )+10 × ( n−2 )+ … .+ 10× 2+10 ×1]

After collecting all stones on left of the mid- stone the man goes to the stone B
on the right sides of the mid-stone, picks it up, goes to the mid-stone and drops
it. Then, he goes to (n-1)th stone =2[10
× n+10 × ( n−1 )+ 10× ( n−2 )+ …+10 ×2+10 ×1 ¿

∴ Total distance covered

= 10×n+2[10× ( n−1 ) +10 × ( n−2 ) +… … … .+10 × 2+ 10× 1]+2[10

× n+10 × ( n−1 )+ … .+10 ×2+10 ×1 ¿

⟹ 4[10× n+10 × ( n−1 )+ … ..+ 10× 2+10 ×1 ¿−10 × n

⟹10{1+2+3+………+n}-10n

=40 {n2 (1+ n)}−10 n=20 n ( n+1)−10 n=20 n +10 n

2

But, the total distance covered i.e., 3km i.e., 3000 m

∴20n2 +10 n=3000

⟹2n2 +n−300=0

⟹(n-12)(2n+25)= 0

⟹ n = 12

Hence, the number of stones = 2n+1 = 25

Examples 35 The house of a row are number consecutively from 1 to 49. Show
that there is a value of x such that the sum of the number of the house
preceding the house number x is equal to the sum of the number of the house
following it. Find the value of x. [NCERT]

Solution let there be a value of x such that the sum of the numbers of the house
preceding the house numbered x is equal to the sum of the numbers of the
house following it i.e.,

House : H 1 H2 H3 ………………. H x−1 Hx H x+1 …………….. H 49

House No. 1 2 3 (x-1) x (x+1) 49

1+2+3+………+(x-1)= (x+1)(x+2)+…………+49
⟹1+2+3+………..+(x-1) ={1+2+3+………+49}-(1+2+3+………..+x)

⟹
x−1 49 x
{ 1+ ( x−1 ) } = ( 1+ 49 )− (1+ x )
2 2 2

⟹
x( x−1) 49 ×50 x (x +1)
= −
2 2 2

⟹x(x-1)=49×50−x (x+ 1)

⟹( x 2−x ¿ + ( x 2+ x ) =49 ×50−x (x +1)

⟹2 x 2=49 × 50

⟹ x 2=49 × 25

⟹ x 2 = 72 ×52

⟹x=7×5 = 35

Since x is not a fraction. Hence , the value of x satisfying the given condition
exists and is equal to 35.

Example 36 A ladder has rungs 25 cm apart (See fig 9.3) The Rungs decrease
uniformly in length from 45 cm at the bottom to 25 cm at the top. If the top and
bottom rungs are 2.5 meter apart, which the length of the wood required for
the rungs? [NCERT]

Solution it is given that the gap between two consecutive rungs is 25 cm and
the top and bottom rungs are 2.5 meter i.e., 250 cm apart.

∴ Number of rungs = +1 =11.

250
25

It is given that the rungs are decreasing uniformly in length form 45 at the
bottom to 25 cm at the top. Therefore, lengths of the rungs form an A.P. with
first term a=45 and 11th term = 25 cm.

∴ length of the wood required for rungs

= sum of 11 terms of an A.P. with first term 45 cm and last term = 25 cm

= (45+25) cm
11
2

=385 cm = 3.85 meters

Example 37 A small terrace at a football ground comprises of 15 steps each of

which is 50 m long and built of solid concrete. Each step has a rise of m and
1
4
a tread of (See fig. 9.4). Calculate the total volume of concrete to built the
1

terrace. [NCERT]
2

Solution We observe that the length and width of each step are 50m and m
1

respectively.
2

Also, we have

Height of first step = m

1
4

Height of second step = ( 14 + 41 ) m=(2× 14 ) m

Height of third step = m and so on.

3
4

Let V 1, V 2 , …………….V 15 denote respectively the volume of the concrete

required to build the first, second , third, ……., fifteenth step. Then,,

V 1 = 50 × × m3 , ,V 2 = 50× × 2× ( )} m ,
( 1 1
2 4 ) {
1
2
1
4
3
( )} 1
{
m ,, V 3= 50 × × 3 ×
2
1
4
3
V 4 = 50 × × 1 m 3 and so on.
( )
1
2

∴ Total number of the concrete

= V 1 +V 2 +V 3 +… … …+V 15

= 50× × + 50× × 2×
{ }{ + 50× 3 × +……+ 50× × 15×
( )} { ( )} { ( )}
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
m
2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4

= 50 ×
( ) { 14 + 24 + 34 +…+ 154 }m
1 3
2

=25 { 14 + 24 + 34 + …+ 154 }m 3

= {1+2+3+ … .+15 }m = × (1+15)m = × × ( 1+15 ) m = × ×16 m =

25 3 25 15 3 25 15 3 25 15 3

750m 3
4 4 2 4 2 4 2

Example 38 A spiral is made up of successive semi-circle, with centers

alternatively at A and B, starting with centre at A, of radii 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 1.5
cm, 2.0 cm, ……..as shown in fig 9.5 what is the total length of such a spiral
made up of thirteen consecutive semi-circle ? [NCERT]

Solution let l 1 ,l 2 ,l 3 , l 4, ………..l 13 be the length (circumference ) of semi-circle of

radii r 1 = 0.5 cm, r 2 = 1.0 cm, r 3 = 1.5 cm , r 4 = 2.0 cm, r 5 = 2.5 cm,, ….
Respectively, then,

l 1 = π r 1= π ×0.5 CM = cm
π
2

l 2 = πr 2 = π ×1 cm=2 ( π2 ) cm
l 3== π r 3 = π × cm = 3 cm ()
3 3
2 2

…………………………………..

……………………………………..
…………………………….

l 13 = π r 4 = π × ()
13 π
cm=13 cm
2 2

∴Total length of the spiral =l 1 +l 2+l 3 +… ..+l 13

= { () () ( )}cm
π π π π
+2 +3 +… .+13
2 2 2 2

= ( 1+2+3+… ..+13 ) cm
π
2

= × ( 1+13 ) cm
π 13
2 2

= × ×14 cm = × ×13 × 7 cm=143 cm

π 13 1 22
2 2 2 7

Example 39 In a potato, a bucket is placed at the starting point, which is 5 m

from the first potato, and the other potatoes are placed 3m apart in a straight
line. There are n potato in the line (See fig. 9.6) Each competitor starts from
the bucket, pick up the nearest potato, runs back with it, drops it in the
bucket , runs back to pack up the next potato, runs to the bucket to drop it in
the bucket, and she continues in the same way until all the potatoes are in the
bucket. What is the total distance the competitor has to run? [NCERT]

Solution we have,

d 1 = Distance run by the competitor to pick up first potato = 2×5 m

d 2=¿ Distance run by the competitor to pick up second potato = 2(5+3) m

d 3 = Distance run by the competitor to pick up third potato = 2(5+2×3 ¿ m

d 4 = Distance run by the competitor to pick up fourth potato = 2(5+3×3 ¿ m

.
.
.
.
d n = Distance run by the competitor to pick up nth potato = 2{5+(n-1)×3 }m
∴ Total distance run by the competitor to pick up n potatoes
= d 1 +d 2 +d 03 +…………d 4
= 2×5+ 3 ( 5+ 3 ) +2 (5+ 2× 3 ) +2 (5+ 3× 3 ) +¿……..+2{5+(n-1)×3 } meters
=2[5+{5+3}+{5+(2×3 ¿ } { 5+ ( 3 ×3 ) }+ … .+ {5+(n−1)×3 }]

=[(5+5+5+5+………+)+{3+(2×3 ¿+ ( 3× 3 ) +… .+(n−1)×3 }¿

=2[5n+3{1+2+3+…..+(n-1)}]

=2[5n+3 ( n−1 {1+(n-1)}]

2 )

=2 5 n+
[ ]
3 n (n−1)
2

=10n+3n(n-1)]=3n2 +7 n=n ( 3 n+7 ) metres

_________________________________________________________________________________
______________EXERCISE 9.5

1. find the sum of the following arithmetic progressions;

(I) 50, 46, 42 ……… to 10 terms

(II) 1,3,5,7,………… to 12 terms

(III) 3,9,/2,6,15/2,………… to 25 terms

(IV) 41,36,31,…….. to 12 terms

(VI) (x-y¿2 , ( x 2+ y 2) , ¿, ……….. , to n terms

(VII) , …… to n terms
x− y 3 x−2 y 5 x−3 y
, ,
x+ y x + y x+ y

(VIII) -26, -24, -22, ………. To 36 terms.

2. Find the sum to n terms of the A.P. 5,2,-1,-4,-7,…………

3. Find the sum of n terms of an A.P. whose nth terms is given by a n = 5-6n

4. if the sum of a certain number of terms starting from list terms of an A.P. is
25, 22, 19,……. Is 116. Find the last terms

5. (I) How many terms of the sequence 18, 16, 14 , ……… should be taken so
that their sum is zero?

(II) How many terms are there in the A.P. whose first and fifth term are -14 and
2 respectively and the sum of the terms is 40?

(III) How many terms of the A.P. 9,17, 25, …….. must be taken so that their sum
is 636? [NCERT]

(IV) How many terms of the A.P. 63, 60 , 57 ,….. must be taken so that their
sum is 693?[CBSE 2005]

6. The first and the last terms of an A.P. are 17 and 350 respectively. if the
common difference is 9, how many terms are there sum what is their sum?

7. The third terms of an A.P. is 7 and the seventh terms exceeds three times the
third terms by 2. Find the first term, the common difference and the sum of
first 20 terms.

8. The first term of an A.P. is 2 and the last term is 50. The sumof all these term
is 442. Find the common difference.

9. if 2th terms of an A.P. is -13 and the sum of the first four terms is 24, what is
the sum of first 10 terms ?

10. Find the sum of first 22 terms of an A.P. in which d = 22 and a 22 = 149.

11. Find the sum of all natural numbers between 1 and 100, which are divisible
by 3.

12. Find the sum of the first n odd between natural numbers.

13. Find the sum of all odd numbers between (I) 0 and 50 (II) 100 and 200.

14. show that sum of all odd numbers between 1 and 1000 which are divisible
by 3 is 83667.
15. Find the sum of all integers between 84 and 719, which are multiple of 5.

16. Find the sum of all integers between 50 and 500, which are divisible by 7.

17. Find the sum of the all even integers between 101 and 999.

18. Find the sum of all integers between 100 and 550, which are divisible by 9.

19. In an A.P., if the first term is 22, the common difference is-4 and the sum to
n terms is 64, find n.

20. In an A.P. , if the 5th and 12th term are 30 and 65 respectively, what is the
sum of first 20 terms?

21. Find the sum of the first

(I) 11 terms of the A.P. 2,6,10,14……..

(II) 13 terms of the A.P. : -6,0,6,12………..

(III) 51 terms of the A.P.: whose second term is 2 and fourth terms is 8.

22. Find the sum of

(I) the first 15 multiple of 8[NCERT]

(II) the first 40 positive integers divisible by (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6. [NCERT]

(III) all 3- digit natural numbers which are3 divisible by 13. CBSE 2006]

(IV) all 3-digit natural numbers, which are multiple of 11.

23. Find the sum:

(I) 2+4+6+…….+200 (II) 3+11+19+…….+803

(III) (-5) +(-8)+(-11)+……….(-230) (IV) 1+2+5+7+ ..+199

(V) 7+10 +14+………+84 (VI) 334+32+30+…….+10

10
2

(VII) 25+28+31 +……..+100

(VIII) 18+15 +13+ … … .+ −49

( CBSE 2019]
)
1 1
2 2
24. Find the sum of the first 15 terms of each of the following sequence having
nth terms as

(I) a n = 3+4n (II) b n = 5+2n

(III) x n = 6-n (IV) y n = 9-5n[NCERT]

25. Find the sum of first 20 terms of the sequence whose nth terms is a n =
An+B.

26. Find the sum of the first 25 terms of an A.P. whose nth term is given by a n
= 2-3n CBSE 2004]

27. Find the sum of the first 25 terms of an A.P, whose nth terms is given by a n
= 7-3n. CBSE 2004]

28. Find the sum of the first 51 terms of an A.P. whose second and third terms
are 14 and 18 respectively. [NCERT]

29. If the sum of 7 terms of an A.P. is 49 and that of 17 terms is 289, find the
sum if n terms. CBSE 2013]

30. The first terms of an A.P. is 5, the last term is 45 and the sum is 400. Find
the number of terms and the common difference.

31. in an A.P the sum of first n term is + n . find itc 25th term. CBSE 2006]
2
3 n 13
2 2

32. let there be an A.P with first term ‘a’ common difference ‘d; if a n denotes its
nth term and Sn the sum of first n terms ,find.

(i) n∧S n ,if a=5 , d =3∧an=50.

(ii) n∧a , if a n=4 , d=2 and Sn=192

(iii) d , if a=3 , n=8∧S n=192

(iv) a , if an=28, Sn=144∧n=9

(v) n and d, if a=8 , an =62∧Sn =210

(vi) n∧an , if a=2 , d=8∧S n=90. [NCERT]

33. A man saved Rs 16500 in ten years. In each year after the first he saved Rs
100 more than he did the preceding year, how much did he save in the first
year?

34. A man saved Rs 32 during the first years, Rs 36 in the second year and in
this way he increases his saving by Rs 4 every. Find in the what time his saving
will be RS 200.

35. A man arranges to pay off a debt of Rs 3600 by 40 annual installments

which form an arithmetic series. When 30 of the instalments. are paid, he dies
leaving on –third of the debt unpaid, find the value of the first instalment.

36. There are 25 trees at equal distances of 5 meters in a line with a well , the
distance of the well from nearest tree being 10 metres. A gardener waters all
the trees separately starting from the well and he returns to the well after
watering each tree to get water for the next. Find the total distance the
gardener will cover in order to water all the trees.

37. A man is employed to count RS 10710. He counts at the rate of Rs 180 per
minute for half an hour. After this he counts at the rate of Rs 3 less every
minute than the preceding minute. Find the time taken by him to count the
count the entire amount.

38. A piece of equipment cost a certain factory Rs 600,000 .if it depreciates in

values, 15 % the first 13.5% the next year,12% the third year, and so on. What
will be its value at the end of 10years, all percentages applying to the original
cost ?

39. A sum of Rs 700 is to be used to give seven cash prizes to students of a

school for their overall academic performance. If each prize is Rs 20 less than
its preceding prize, find the value of each prize.

40. In an A.P the first term is 8, nth term is -33 the sum to first n terms is 123.
Find n and d, the common differences. CBSE 2008]

41. In an A.P., the first term is 22, nth term is -11 and the sum to first n terms
is 66. Find n and d, the common difference. CBSE 2008]

42. If the sum of the first n terms of an A.P is 4 n−n2 , what is the first term ?
what is the sum of first two term ? what is the second term? Similarly, find the
third, the tenth and the nth terms. [NCERT]
43. The first and the last term of an A.P are 17 and 350 respectively. if the
common difference is 9, how many terms are there and what is their sum ?
[NCERT]

44. in an A.P., the first term is 2 , the last term is 29 and the sum of the terms is
155 . find the common difference of the A.P CBSE 2010]

45. In an A.P. the sum of first ten terms is -150 and the sum of its nect ten
terms is -550.find the A.P CBSE 2010]

46. Sum of the first 14 terms of an A.P is 1505 and its term is 10. Find its 25th
term. CBSE 2013]

47. The sum of first n terms of an A.P is 5 n2 +3 n . if its mth term is 168, find the
value of m. also , find the 11th term of this A.P CBSE 2013]

48. The sum of first q term of an A.P is 63 q−3 q 2 . if its nth term is -60, find the
value of p. also find the 11st term of this A.P CBSE 2013]

50. The nth term of an A.P is given by (−4 n+15 ) . f ind the sum of first 20 term of
this A.P CBSE 2013]

51. Find the number of terms of the A.P.-12,-9,-6 ,…,21.if 1 is added too each
term of this A.p., then find the sum of all terms of an A.P is A.P thus obtained.
CBSE 2013]

52. The sum of first n terms of an A.P is 3 n2 + 4 n . find the term of this A.P. CBSE
2013]

ANSWERS

1. (i) 320 (ii) 144 (iii) 525 (iv) 162 (v) 22a-440b

(vi) n { ( x− y ) + ( n−1 ) xy } (vii) (viii) 324

n
2
{n ( 2 x − y )− y }
2(x+ y)

2. (13−3 n) 3.n(2−3 n) 4. 4
n
2

5.(i) 19 (ii) 10 (iii) 12 (iv) 21,22

6. 38,6973 7. -1, 4, 740 8. 3 9. 0 10. −1804 11. 1683 12.n2

13.(i) 625 (ii) 7500
15. 50800 16. 17696 17. 246950 18. 16425 19. 4 or 8 20. 1150 21. (i)
242 (ii) 390 (iii) 3774

22. (i) 960 (ii) (a) 2460 (b) 4100 (c) 4920 (iii) 37674 (iv) 44550

23. (i) 10100 (ii) 40703 (iii) -8930 (iv) 10000

(v) (vi) 286 (vii) 1625 (viii) −441

2093
2

24. (i) 525 (ii) 315 (iii) -30 (iv) -465 25. 210 A+20 B

26. −925 27. −800 28. 5610 29.n2

30.n=16 , d=8 /3 31. 80

32. (i) n=16 , S n=440 (ii) n=7 , a=−8 (iii) d=6 (iv) a=4 , (v) n=6 , d=
54
5

(vi) n=5 , an=34

33. Rs 1200 34. 5 years 35. Rs51 36. 3500m

37. 89 minutes 38. Rs 105000 39.values of the prizes (in Rs) are
160,140,120,100,80,60,40

40. n=6 , d=5 41.n=12 ,d =−3 42. S1=1 , S 2=4 , a2=1 , S 3=3 , a 3=−1 , a10=−15

43. n=38 , S=6973 44. 3 45. a=3 , d=−4 46.370 47. m=17 ,a 20=198 48.
p=21, a 11=0

49. n=14 , a 21=163 50 760

51. 12,66 52. 151

CCE – FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Very short answer type questions (VSQs)

Multiple choice question (MCQs)

 Summary

Answer each of the following questions either in one word or one sentence or as per requirement of the
question :

1. define an arithmetic progression.

2. write the common difference of an A.P whose nth term is a n=3 n+7

3. which term of the sequence 114, 109,104…is the first negative term

4. write the value of a 30−a30 for the A.P 4,9,14,19..

5.Write 5the terms form the end of the A.P. 3,5,7,9,,…………201.

6. write the value of x for which 2 x , x +10 and 3 x+ 2 are in A.P

7. Write the nth term of an A.P. the sum of whose n terms is Sn

8. Write the sum of first n even natural numbers.

9. Write the sum of first n even natural numbers.

10. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is Sn = 3n2 +5n. Write its common difference .

111. Write the expression for the common difference of an A.P. whose first terms is a and nth term is b.

12. The first terms of an A.P. is p and its common difference is q. find its 10th terms. [CBSE 2008]

13. For what value of p are 2p+1, 13, , 5p-3 are three consecutive terms of an A.P.? [CBSE 2005]

, a, 2 are three consecutive terms of an A.P., then find the value of a. [CBSE 2009]
4
14. if
5

15. if the sum of first p terms of an A.P. is a p2+bp,

Find the common difference. [CBSE 2005]