fldaKsl p,s;h

fldaKh fyj;a fldaKsl úia:dmkh

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
fldaKsl m%fõ.h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
fldaKsl m%fõ.h iy fõ.h w;r iïnkaO;djh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ixLHd;h yd wdj¾; ld,h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

-1-
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ixLHd;h yd fldaKsl m%fõ.h w;r iïnkaO;djh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
fldaKsl ;ajrKh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
-2-
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
wÍh ;ajrK ixrplh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iam¾Ysh ;ajrK ixrplh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1& Trf,daiqjl ;;amr lgqj úkdä lgqj iy meh lgqj hk ish,a,u taldldr fldaKsl m%fõ.fhka N%uKh fõ'
fuu tla tla lgqfõ fldaKsl m%fõ. .Kkh lrkak'
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2& jia;=jl N%uK is>%;djh 420rpm fõ' fuys fldaKsl m%fõ.h fidhkak' ^π=3&
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

-3-
fldaKsl p,s;hg wod< iólrK
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1& frdao lsh;l wrh 50cm fõ' fuu lsh; fudagrhla u.ska úkdähg jg 120 l ksh; iS>%;djhlska N%uKh
lrkq ,nhs' fudagrh l%shd úrys; l< úg ksh; fldaKsl ukaokhla hgf;a frdao lsh; úkdä foll ld,hl§
ksYap,;djhg meñfKa' my; i|yka foa .Kkh lrkak'
a& frdao lsh; ,lajk ksh; fldaKsl ukaokh
b& ksYap, ùug m%:u lsh; N%uKh jk jg ixLHdj
c& fudagrh l%shd úrys; lr úkdä 1la .;jQ miq frdao lshf;a oe;a;l fõ.h
d& fudagrh l%shd úrys; lr úkdä 1la .;jQ miq oe;a;la ,lajk iam¾YSh yd wÍh ;ajrK ixrplj,
úYd,;aj .Kkh lrkak'

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

-4-
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2& r:hl cj frdaohg wod,j wÈk ,o fldaKsl m%fõ. ld, m%ia;drhla my; oelafõ' ^π =3&
m%ia;drh Ndú;fhka α 1 ,α 2 ,α 2 ,α 3 hk w.hka yd wod< ld,h ;=< cj frdaoh isÿl< uq¿ jg ixLHdj
fidhkak'

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

-5-
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
fldaKsl p,s; iólrK wdY%s; wNHdi
1& úIalïNh 1m jk frdaohla wp, ,laIHhla jgd N%uKh jkqfha ;;amrhg jg 2l wdrïNl fldaKsl
m%fõ.hlsks' fldaKsl ;ajrKh ;;amr j¾.hg jg 3 ls' ;;amr 6lg miq fldaKsl m%fõ.h fidhkak' fuu
ld,h wjidkfha frdaofha msg; odrfha msysá ,laIHhl iïm%hqla; ;ajrKh fldmuKo fõo@
2& r:hl cj frdaohlg ,ndÈh yels Wmßu fldaKsl ;ajrKh 4rads-2 jk w;r Wmßu fldaKsl ukaokh
10rads-2 fõ' fudag¾ r:h ud¾.hl .uka lrk úg§ cj frdaoh 780rad fldaKsl úia:dmkhla hgf;a
ksYap,;djfhka p,s;h wrUd ksYap,;djfhka p,s;h wjika lsÍug wjYH kï wvqu ld,hlska fuu l%shdj,sh
isÿ lsÍug wjYH kï ta i|yd .;jk wju ld,h fldmuKo@
3& 2rads)2 ksh; fldaKsl ;ajrKhla hgf;a p,s; jk frdaohla 5s ld, mßÉfþohla ;=, 100rad fldaKhlska
N%uKh fõ' frdaoh ksYap,;djfhka hq;=j p,s;h wdrïN lf¾ kï 5s ld, mßÉfþoh wdrïN ùug m%:u
fldmuK ld,hla ;=< p,s; ù we;so@
4& mqoa.,fhla fj,dj n,d .ekSu i|yd idudkH w;a Trf,daiqjla Ndú; lrhs' fuu w;a Trf,daiqfjys
wNHka;rh ilialr we;af;a ;;amr lgqj jg 60 la N%uKh jQ úg§ úkdä lgqj jghla .uka lrk f,i;a
úkdä lgqj jg 12 la N%uKh jQ úg§ meh lgqj tla jghla .uka lrk f,i;ah' tkï ;;amr lgqj hï
fldaKsl ukaokhlg ,la jqjfyd;a Bg wkqrEmj úkdä lgqj yd meh lgqj .uka lrhs' mqoa.,fhla fuu
Trf,daiqfjka Woeik 6 g fj,dj ksÍlaIKh lrk w;r Trf,daiqj túg ksjerÈ fõ,dj fmkajhs' fuu
fudfydf;au Trf,daiqj ìu jeàu ksid ;;amr lgqj yd weñfKk úÿre lgqjla fya;=fjka ;;amr lgqj

-2
fldaKsl ukaokfhka N%uKh ùu wdrïN lrhs' fuu mqoa.,hd fm'j' 7g Trf,daiqfjka fõ,dj

ksÍlaIKh lf¾ kï Tyqg fmfkk Trf,daiqfõ fõ,dj ,shd olajkak'

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

-6-
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

N%uK p,s;h
wjia:s;s >q¾Kh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

-7-
úN%uK wrh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
úúO yev;s jia;= lsysmhl wjia:s;s >q¾K
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1& taldldr oKav
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2& taldldr iDcqfldaKdi%dldr ;yvqj
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

-8-
3& l=yr is,skavrh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4& >k is,skavrh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5& l=yr f.da,h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6& >k f.da,h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1& ialkaO ;=kla my; rEmfha mßÈ ieye,aÆ oඬq ;=klska iïnkaO lr we;' my; oelafjk tla tla wlaIh jgd
moaO;sfha wjia:s;s >q¾Kh;a úN%uK wrh;a fidhkak'
a) A B C ;,hg ,ïNlj A yryd hk wlaIh
b& B yd C yryd hk wlaIh

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

-9-
2& my; iïm%hqla; jia;=kays wjia:s;s >q¾K fidhkak'
a) ialkaOh M yd wrh R jk jD;a;dldr j<,a,lg ialkaO m jk ovq 4la iïnkaO lr we;' flakao%h yryd hk
wlaIh jgd frdaoh wjia:s;s >q¾Kh
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

b& ialkaOh M yd wrh R jk >k is,skavrhl fomig ialkaOh M yd wrh 2R jk jD;a;dldr ;eá w,jd
we;' ixhqla;fhys flakao%h yryd .uka lrk wlaIh jgd wjia:s;s >q¾Kh

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

c& ialkaOh M yd È. L jk taldldr oKavl my; olajd we;s wlaI jgd wjia:s;s >q¾K

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

d& ialkaOh M yd wrh R jk jD;a;dldr ;eáhl mßêhg wdikak ,laIHhl m ,laISh ialkaOhla ;nd we;'
flakao%h yryd hk wlaIh jgd wjia:s;s >q¾Kh

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

jHdj¾;h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- 10 -
fldaKsl wdfõ.h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1& ialkaOh 10kg jk wrh 20cm jk jD;a;dldr ;eáhla ;,h ;sriajk mßÈ
flakao%fhka N%uKh úh yels wdldrhg iúlr 180rpm is>%;djfhka N%uKh fjñka
mj;S' fuf,i N%uKh jk w;r;=r my; m%ia;drfha wdldrhg jHdj¾;hla N%uK
ÈYdjg l%shdlrhs' fuu 0.2s ld,h wjidkfha ;eáfha fldaKsl m%fõ.h fidhkak'^π=3&

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
N%uK pd,l Yla;sh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- 11 -
N%uK ld¾hh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1& fudag¾ r: tkaðula 35hp cjhla yd 65Nm jHdj¾;hla Wmojhs' óg wkqrEm fldaKsl m%fõ.h fldmuKo@
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2& ialkaO 12kg jk wrh 50cm jk ;eáhla flakao%fhka új¾;kh lr we;af;a ;sria ;,hl N%uKh úh yels
mßÈh' ;eáh wdrïNfha 80rpm iS>%;djfhka N%uKh jk w;r ;eáfha mßêhg iam¾YShj 180N n,hla 20s
ld,hla fhdohs' ;;amr 20 wjidkfha§ ;eáfha m%fõ.h , N%uK pd,l Yla;sh , fldaKsl úia:dmkh ,
fldaKsl N%uK ld¾hh .Kkh lrkak' (π=3&
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
fldaKsl .uH;dj
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

fldaKsl .uH;d ixia:s;s kshuh

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- 12 -
1& ialkaO M yd wrh R jk jD;a;dldr ;eáhla ω fldaKsl m%fõ.fhka N%uKh fõ' ialkaOh M/4 jk wrh R
jk ;j;a jD;a;dldr ;eáhla m<uq ;eáh u; ;nkafka moaO;sfha u; jHdj¾;hla we;s fkdjk f,ihs'
ialkaOh ;eîfuka wk;=rej moaO;sfha kj fldaKsl m%fõ.h fidhkak'
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2& rEmfha oelafjk úYd, ;eáfha ialkaOh 2kg o wrh 20cm o fõ' l=vd ;eáfha ialkaOh yd wrh ms<sfj<ska
4kg yd 10cm fõ' úYd, ;eáh 50rads-1 fldaKsl m%fõ.fhkao l=vd ;eáh 200rads-1 fldaKsl m%fõ.fhkao fjk
fjku N%uKh fõ'

my; oelafjk mßÈ ;eá fol ,xlr ixhqla; ;eáhla njg m;al< úg th N%uKh jk fmdÿ fldaKsl m%fõ.h
fldmuKo@ fuys§ pd,l Yla;sh ixia:s;sl fõo@

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

fldaKsl p,s;fha rdYs yd f¾Åh p,s;fha rdYs w;r iïnkaO;djh

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- 13 -
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
by< mqjrejl isg mqoa.,fhla N%uKhka rÕ olajñka j;=rg mekSu'
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
N%uK fïifha l%shdldß;ajh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- 14 -
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
tlu jia;=j f¾Åh yd N%uK p,s;hla tljr isÿlsÍu yd tu wjia:dfõ§ jia;=fõ m%fõ. jHdma;sh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
jia;=jla wdk; ;,hla Tiafia my<g fmr<Su
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1& ñksfil= N%uK fïihl flakao%fha isákqfha Tyqf.a oE;aj, 5kg ialkaOhla we;s l=vd jia;=jla ne.ska ;nd
.ksñks' Tyq ;u oE;a ;sriaj mj;sk fia úysÿ úg Tyqg tla jghla N%uKh ùug ;;amr 2 l ld,hla
.;fõ' fuys§ l=vd ialkaO fol w;r mr;rh 2m fõ' Tyq oE;a my; fy¨ úg ;;amrhl§ N%uKh jk
úg ixLHdj .Kkh lrkak' fï wjia:dfõ§ jia;= fol w;r mr;rh 0'4m fõ' N%uK wlaIh jgd ñksidf.a
wjia:s;s >q¾Kh ksh; hhso th 6kgm2 w.hlg iudk hhso yd N%uK fïifha wjia:s;s >q¾Kh fkdie,lsh
yels ;rï l=vd hhso i,lkak' N%uK fïifha >¾IKh fkdi,ld yßkak'

- 15 -
2& ialkaOh 1x1010 kg jQ W,aldmd;hla mD:sú mDIaGh u;g m;s; jkqfha Bg wNs,ïN jk mßÈh' fuys m%;sM,hla
f,i mD:súfhys tl Èkl ld,h fldmuK m%udKhlska jeä fõo@ mD:súh wrh 6400km jQ f.da,hla hhso
tys ialkaOh 6x1024 kg hhso i,lkak'
3& ialkaOh 50kg o wrh 1m o jk >k is,skavrhla tys wlaIh jgd ksoyia f,i N%uKh úh yels jk mßÈ
ilia lr we;' is,skavrfha mDIaGhg tl fl<jrla iïnkaO lrk ,o ieye,aÆ wú;kH ;ka;=jla is,skavrh
jgd T;d we;' is,skavrh ;;amr j¾.hg jg 1l fldaKsl ;ajrKhlska p,s; lrùu i|yd ;ka;=jg fhÈh
hq;= wd;;sh l=ulao@
4& 100kg ialkaOhla we;s ñksfila wrh 1m jk N%uK ;eáhl mÜgu u; isáhs' ;eáfha flakao%h yryd we;s
iqug isria wlaIh jgd ;eáhg N%uKh úh yels jk w;r tu wlaIh jgd ;eáfha wjia:s;s >q¾Kh
4000kgm2 fõ' wdrïNfha uq¿ moaO;shu ksYap,h' ñksid oeka mÜgu u; fmdf<djg idfmalaIj 1ms)1
fõ.fhka weúÈhs' ;eáfha fldaKsl m%fõ.h fldmuKo@
5& iqug ;,hla u; È. L jk ialkaOh m jk taldldr oKavl ;nd we;' oKafâ tla fl<jrlg we§
iam¾Ylh Tiafia m ialkaOhla v m%fõ.fhka meñK oKafâ .eà kej; v/2 m%fõ.fhka fmd,d mkS' fuu
.egqfuka wk;=rej oKafâ udOH ,laIHh jgd oKafâ m%fõ.h @ oKafâ uOH,laIHfhka ksoyia N%uKh úh
yels f,i új¾;kh lr we;ehs i,lkak'
6& ialkaOh M jk wrh R jk ;eáhla wdldrfha lmamshla jgd ieye,aÆ wú;kH ;ka;=jla .uka lrjk w;r
;ka;=fõ fofl<jrg m1 m2 ialkaO 2la iïnkaO lr we;' ^m1>m2& moaO;sh ksYap,j uqodyß kï ;ka;=
iuÕ lmamsfha N%uKh ùu i,ld ialkaOhkays f¾Åh ;ajrK " ;ka;=fõ wd;;s " lmamsfha fldaKsl ;ajrKh
.Kkh lrkak'
7& my; rEmfha olajd we;s wdldrhg ialkaOh 10kg jk 2m È. taldldr oKavla iqug ;,hla u; ;nd we;'
;,h yd oKav ;sriaj we;s úg§ oKav u; rEmfha olajd we;s wdldrhg 40N l n,hla 2s ld,hla ;=<
l%shd;aul lrhs'
a& oKafâ f¾Åh ;ajrKh;a fldaKsl ;ajrKh;a olajkak'
b& 2s wjidkfha oKafâ .=re;aj flkao%fha;a A yd B ,laIHj,;a m%fõ.@
c& wod< ld,h ;=< oKav isÿl< fldaKsl úia:dmkh fldmuKo@
8& ialkaOh M jQ >k is,skavrhla ;srig θ fldaKhlska wdk; jQ r¿ ;,hla u; ;nd we;' is,skavrh ;,h
u; ,siaiSulska f;drj fmr,s hdu i|yd wjYH wju >¾IK n,fha úYd,;ajh;a túg ;,h iy is,skavrh
w;r >¾IK ix.=Klfha wju w.h;a fidhkak'
9& ialkaOh 5kg o úIalïNh 60cm o jk >k is,skavrhlg tys wlaIh jgd ksoyfia N%uKh úh yel'
wdrïNfha§ ksYap,j we;s fuu is,skavrhg úYd,;ajh 3kgms-1 jk fldaKsl wdfõ.hla ,nd § miqj iEu 4s
ld, m¾Éfþohlgu jrla iudk úYd,;aj we;s fldaKsl wdfõ. ,ndfoa' m<uq wdfõ.h ,nd§ 30s ld,hla
.;jQ miq is,skavrfha fldaKsl m%fõ.h fidhkak'
10& rEmfha mßÈ m:hl wdk; fldgila yd iudk fldgila we;' iu;, fldgi fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg 1m
by<ska msysghs' wdk; fldgfia by< isg uqod yßkq ,nk f.da,hla ,siaiSulska f;drj fmr,Sf.k weú;a
m:fha fl<jr§ m%laIsma;hl wdldrhg p,s; ù fmdf<dj u; m;s; fõ' f.da,h uqod yßkq ,nk ia:dkh
fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg 2'4m by<ska msysghs' f.da,h m:fha fl<jr isg fldmuK ;sria ÿrlska fmdf<dfõ
.efÜo@

11& ialkaOh 3kg jk >k is,skavrhla 5m Wi wdk; ;,hl uqÿfka isg my<g fmrf,a' th ;,fha mduq, fj;
,.d jk úg tys N%uK pd,l Yla;sh .Kkh lrkak'
12& fußf.daa rjqul ialkaOh 100kg o úIalïNh 8m o fõ' tys úN%uK wrh 3m ls' ialkaOh 20kg jk
<ufhla 5ms)1 fõ.fhka fußf.da rjqfï msg; odrh wi,g f.dv fõ' >¾IK n,h fkdi,ld yßñka <uhd
iys; fußf.da rjqfï fldaKsl m%fõ.h fidhkak'

- 16 -
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- 17 -
 jD;a; p,s;h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
flakao% wNsidÍ ;ajrKh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- 18 -
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
jD;a; p,s;fha fhfok jia;=jl l%shdlrk flakao% wNsidÍ n,
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- 19 -
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
úúO flakao% wNsidÍ n,h hgf;a jia;+ka jD;a; p,s;fha fhfok wjia:d
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- 20 -
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1& 1m È. ;ka;=jl my< fl<jrg 100g ialkaOhla we;s wxYqka wuqKd wxY=j ;sria jD;a;hl p,s; lrkqfha
ksh; fõ.fhks' ;ka;=j há isri iu. 300 l fldaKhla idohs kï tys p,s; fõ.h .Kkh lrkak'
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2& jD;a;dldr fõihla N%uK wlaIhl isg 50cm ÿßka 5kg ialkaOhla ;nd th fïih iuÛ jD;a; p,s;fha
fhdojhs' fïih yd ialkaOh w;r >¾IK ix.=Klh 0'8 kï ialkaOhg jD;a; p,s;fha fhÈh yels Wmßu
fõ.fhks' Wmßu fldaKsl m%fõ.h fidhkak'
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

- 21 -
3& ialkaOh 50kg jk mqoa.,fhla frdgrhl ì;a;shlg iam¾Yj isudldÍ isria iu;=,s;;dfõ isá' frdgrfha
wrh 10m kï mqoa.,hd yd frdgrfha mDIaGh w;r μ = 0.25 jk úg§ mqoa.,hd iys; frdgßfha N%uKh
l<hq;= fldaKsl m%fõ.h fidhkak' hï fyhlska Tn .Kkh l< fldaKsl m%fõ.hg jvd fldaKsl m%fõ.h
jeä jqjfyd;a mqoa.,hdf.a p,s; iajNdjh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4& ialkaOh m jQ fudag¾ r:hla ;sria iu;,d mdrl msysá jl%;d wrh r jQ jD;a;dldr jx.=jla v fõ.fhka
yiqrjhs' fudag¾ r:h ,siaid hhskï l=ula i;H fõo@ μ hkq mdr yd ghrhla w;r >¾IK ix.=Klhhs'
𝜇𝑟𝑔 𝜇𝑟𝑔 𝜇𝑚𝑔
^1& v > √𝜇𝑟𝑔 ^2& v < √ ^3& v < √𝜇𝑚𝑟𝑔 ^4& v > √ ^5& v > √
4 𝑚 𝑟

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
flakao% wmidÍ n,h
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- 22 -
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1& ialkaOh 1200kg jk fudag¾ r:hla ud¾.hl jx.=jla mj;sk ia:dkhl 20ms)1 Wmßu fõ.hlska Odjkh
l<hq;=j we;' >¾IK n,mEï fkdi,ld yßñka fudag¾ r:h jx.=fjys 100m wrhla we;s jD;a;dldr m:hla
ksremo%s;j Odjkh lrùu i|yd jx.=fõys ud¾.h ;srig wdk; l<hq;= fldaKh .Kkh lrkak' fï
wjia:dfõ§ fudag¾ r:fha ghrh iy ud¾.h w;r mj;sk iïm%hqla; wNs,ïn m%;sl%shdfõ w.h fldmuKo@
jx.=fjys wrh wdk; fkdlr mj;skafka kï fudag¾ r:h jx.=fjys ksremo%s;j 20ms-1 Wmßu fõ.hlska
Odjkh lrùu i|yd fudag¾ r:fha ghr iy ud¾.h w;r mej;sh hq;= >¾IK ix.=Klfha wju w.h
fldmuKo@
2& iqug mDIaGhla iys; fïih uOHfhys ;kd we;s O isÿro iqugh' fuu isÿr ;=<ska .uka lrk ieye,aÆ
wú;kH ;ka;=jl fofl<jrg ialkaO M jk yd m jk jia;= folla iïnkaO lr ialkaO m jk jia;=j
fïih u;;a wfkl fïifha my<g t,af,k mßÈ;a ilia lr fïih u; we;s jia;=j O isÿr flakao% lr.;a
wrh L jQ ;sria jD;a;dlr m:hl .uka lrùug i,iajkq ,efí' fufy§ my<ska mj;sk jia;=j ksYap,j
mej;Su ioyd fïih u; we;s jia;=j p,s; úh hq;= ixLHd;h l=ulao@

- 23 -
3& fudag¾ r:hla wrh 500m jk jD;a;dldr yevfhka hq;= ud¾.hl 30ms)1 fõ.fhka .uka lrhs' tys fõ.h
2ms)2 is>%;djfhka jeäfõ' fudag¾ r:fha wßh ;ajrKh;a iïm%hqla; ;ajrKh;a .Kkh lrkak'

4& jx.=jla mj;sk ia:dkhl ÿïßh ud¾.hl wrh 500m fõ' mS,s fol w;r mr;rh 1m fõ' mS,s u; lsisÿ me;s
f;rmqula fkdue;sj 36kmh)1 fõ.fhka fuu jx.=fjka ÿïßh Odjkh lsÍug msg; f¾,a mS,a, we;=<; f¾,a
mS,a,g jvd fldmuK Wilska ielish hq;=o@

5& jia;=jla wrh 10m jQ jD;a;dldr m:hl .uka lrhs' tl fudfyd;l§ jia;=fõ fõ.h 10ms)1 jk w;r tu
fõ.h 10ms)2 l is>%;djfhka jeä fjñka mj;S' tu fudfydf;a§ jia;=fõ m%fõ. ffoYslh yd iïm%hqla;
;ajrK ffoYslh w;r fldaKh fidhkak'
6& ialkaOh 1000kg jk fudag¾ r:hla 108kmh)1 ksh; fõ.fhka wdk; jQ m:hla jgd .uka lrhs' frdaoj,
fhfok uq¿ m%;sl%shdj Odjk m:hg wNs,ïn hhso m:fha ;sria wrh 100m hhso Wml,amkh lrñka Odjk
m:fha wdk;s fldaKho frdaoj, m%;sl%shdjo .Kkh lrkak'
7& 1m È.e;s ;ka;=jlg .eg.id ksh; fõ.fhka N%uKh lrk jia;=jl ialkaOh 0'4kg fõ';ka;=fõ wju
wdk;sh 3N kï jia;=fõ fõ.h , ;ka;=fõ Wmßu wd;;sh yd ;ka;=j ;sria jk úg§ tys wd;;sh .Kkh
lrkak'

jD;a; p,s;h miq.sh jsNd. nyqjrK m%Yak

1& ieye,a,q i¾ms, oqkaklg l fkdweos os.la iy k oqkq ksh;hla we;' oqkafka
tla fl<jrlg ialkaOh m jk l=vd jia;=jla ijslr we;s w;r wfkla
fld<jrg ijslr we;s l=vd ieye,a,q uqoqjla yryd hk isria wlaIhla
jgd moaO;sh rEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg lrljkq ,efns' oqkak ;sria
;,hl mj;ajd .ksuska jia;=j 𝜔 ksh; fldaKsl fjs.hlska wrh R jk
jD;a;dldr m:hla Tiafia .uka lrhs' tjsg"

𝑘 𝑅−𝑙 𝑘 𝑘 𝑙
^1& 𝜔 = √ ( ) ^2& 𝜔 = √ ^3& 𝜔 = √ .
𝑚 𝑅 𝑚 𝑚 𝑟

𝑘 𝑅 𝑘 𝑅 (2014 A/L-43)
^4& 𝜔 = √𝑚 (1 𝑙 ) ^5& 𝜔 = √𝑚 . 𝑙

2& ksYap,;djfha isg .uka wrUk fudag¾ r:hl frdaohla fldaKsl ;ajrKh (𝛼)" ld,h
(t) iu. jsp,kh jSu (a) rEm igyfka oelafjs' ld,h (t) iu. frdaofhys fldaKsl
m%fjs.h (𝜔) ys jsp,kh jvd;a fydoska ksrEmKh lrkq ,nkafka"

(2015A/L-34)

3& rEmfha fmfkk mrsos ieKfl<shl we;s wrh R jQ ;sria fursf.darjqul x=-R
ys <ufhla isgf.k isgshs' x-y hkq fursf.darjqug ijslr we;s LKavdxl moaO;shla
jk w;r y wlaiH fursf.da rjqfus N%uK wlaIH Tiafia msysghs' >¾IKfhka
f;dr fnhdrsula u; t<jqus fudagrhla u.ska fursf.darjqu tyys wlaIh jgd
ksh; 𝜔0 fldaKsl m%fjs.hlska N%uKh jSug i,iajk w;r miqj t<jqus fudagrh
rys;j ksoyfia N%uKh jSug i,iajkq ,efns' oeka <uhd fursf.darjqfus jsIalusNh
Tiafia x=+R ia:dkh olajd x –osYdjg .uka lrhs kus fursf.darjqfus fldaKsl m%fjs.h (𝜔) <uhdf.a msysgSu (x)
iu. fjkia jk wdldrh jvd;au fydoska ksrEmKh lrkq ,nkafka" (2015A/L-35)

- 24 -
4& rEmfha fmkajd we;s mrsos ialkaOh m iy wrh r jQ taldldr
;eáhla ,siaiSulska f;drj m<uq j ;sria mDIaGhla osf.a
fmrf<ñka f.dia wk;=rej jl% nEjqus ;,hla osf.a by<g
.uka lsrSug mgka .kS' ;sria mDIaGh u; oS ;eáhg ʋ f¾Çh
m%fjs.hla we;' ;eáfha flakaøh yryd tys ;,hg ,usn wlaIh
𝑚𝑟 2
jgd ;eáfha wjia:s;s >Q¾Kh fjs' ;eáfha ialkaO flakaøh
2
.uka lrk Wmrsu Wi h l=ula o@

ʋ2 3ʋ2 3ʋ2 ʋ2 2ʋ2

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (2016A/L-30)
2𝑔 2𝑔 4𝑔 𝑔 𝑔

5& iqug N%uK fusihla u; jdä ù w;a bj;g úysod tla tla w;ska Ndrhla ord isák msrsñ <ufhla ω
0 fldaKsl m%fjs.hla iys;j N%uKh fjñka isáhs' <uhd w; fol ;u YrSrh foig kjd .;a úg

fldaKsl m%fjs.h ω 1 njg m;afjs' w;a bj;g úysod iy w;a ;u YrSrh foig kjdf.k isák
wjia:dj, oS N%uK moaO;s j, wjia:s;s >Q¾K ms<sfj<ska I0 iy I1 kus
^1& ω 0 > ω 1" I0 > I1 iy ω 0 I0 > ω1 I1 fjs'
^2& ω 0 < ω 1" I0 > I1 iy w0 I0< ω1 I1 fjs'
^3& ω 0 < ω 1" I0 > I1 iy w0 I0 = ω 1 I1 fjs'
^4& ω 0 > ω 1" I0 < I1 iy w0 I0 = ω 1 I1 fjs'
(2016A/L-32)
^5& ω 0 = ω 1" I0 = I1 iy w0 I0 = ω 1 I1 fjs'

6& i¾jiu taldldr f,day ;eá ;=kl (A) , (B) iy (C) rEmigyka j, fmkajd
we;s mßos tla ;eáhl isÿre fod<y ne.ska jk fia tlsfklg fjkia
l=yrhka ;=klska hq;a isÿre úo we;' ;eáfha flakaøh yryd hk ;eáhg
,ïNl wlaIhla jgd ;eá ;=fkys wjiaÓ .+¾K wdfrdayK ms<sfj<g isák
(A) (B) (C)
fia A, B iy C ;eá ;=k ieliQ úg"
^1& B,C,A fjs' ^2& A,B,C fjs' ^3& C,B,A fjs' ^4& A,C,B fjs' ^5& B,A,C fjs
(2017A/L-16)

7& rEmfha fmkajd we;s mßos taldldr >k frdaohla taldldr v

m%fõ.hlska iu;, mDIaGhla u; ,siaiSulska f;drj fmrf<ñka
mj;S' P hkq frdaofha mßêh u; msysá ,laIHhls' t = 0 oS P ,laIHh v
mj;sk ia:dkh o rEmfha fmkajd we;' P x
mDIaGhg idfmalaIj P ,laIHfha m%fõ.fha ;sria ixrplh (vx) ld,h
(t) iu. úp,kh jk wdldrh jvd;a fyd|ska ksrEmKh lrkq ,nkafka"

(2017A/L-44)

- 25 -
8& ;eáhla" flakaøh yryd hk ;eáhg ,ïnl wp, isria wlaIhla jgd
>¾IKfhka f;drj tla;rd fldKsl fõ.hlska ksoyfia N%uKh fõ'
rEmfha fmkajd we;s mßos ld,h t = 0 oS N%uKh jk ;eáfha .eáh
u;g fkd.sKsh yels fõ.hlska ul=¿fjla isria j my;a ù ksYap,;djg
m;afjhs' ld,h (t) iu`. ;eáfha muKla fldaKsl .uH;dj (L) iy
fldaKsl fõ.h () ys úYd,;ajj, úp,kh ùu jvd;a fyd|ska fmkakqï
lrkqfha"

(2018A/L-34)

9& ialkaO i¾jiu jQ A, B iy C hk taldldr jia;= ;=kl

isria yrialvj,a rEmfha oelafõ' A hkq wrh r jQ >k
f.da,hls' C hkq wrh r jQ ;=kS ì;a;s iys; l=yr
f.da,hls' f.da, tajdfha wod< flakaø yryd hk isria
wlaI jgd N%uKh l< yels h' B hkq wrh r jQ
;eáhla jk w;r th ;eáfha flakøh yryd hk
;eáfha ;,hg ,ïnl wlaIhla jgd N%uKh l< yels h'
ishÆ u rEm tlu mßudKhg we| we;' A, B iy C jia;+kaj,g" iudk fldaKsl fõ.fhka w;alr oSug
,ndosh hq;= N%uK pd,l Yla;Ska ms<sfj<ska KEA, KEB iy KEC kï" my; m%ldYj,ska l=ula i;H fõ
o@

^1& KEA, < KEB, < KEC ^2& KEC, < KEA, < KEB ^3& KEC, < KEB, < KEA
(2018A/L-35)
^4&KEA, < KEC, < KEB ^5& KEA, = KEB, = KEC

10& rEmfha olajd we;s wdldrhg jia;=jla jD;a;dldr m:hl ksh; v fõ.hlska p,s; fõ'
A isg B olajd p,s; ùfï oS jia;=fõ isÿ jk m%fõ.fha fjkia ùu jkqfha"

^1& ^2& ^3& ^4& ^5&

(2019A/L(new)-5)

- 26 -
 Km
11& rEmfha oelafjk mßos iq<s l=Kdgqjl we;s jdhq ialkaOhla tys wei jgd

40
i¾ms,dldr m:hl p,s; fõ' wefia flakaøfha isg 80 km wÍh ÿrl oS jdhq
ialkaOfha m%fõ.h 150 km h-1 fõ' wefia flakaøfha isg 40 km wÍh ÿrl oS Km
80
tu jdhq ialkaOfha u m%fõ.h úh yelafla l=ula o@ wei

^1& 75 km h-1 ^2& 150 km h-1 ^3& 150√2 km h-1

^4& 300 km h-1 ^5& 450 km h-1 (2019A/L(new)-25)

12& rEmfha olajd we;s mßos wlaIh isriaj iy YS¾Ih my<ska we;s iDcq jD;a;dldr
fla;=jla ;=< l=vd jia;j
= la ;nd we;' fla;=fõ wNHka;r mDIaGh iy jia;=j w;r
iaÓ;sl >¾IK ix.=Klh  fõ' jia;=j fla;=fõ wNHka;r mDIaGh u; ,siaid
fkdhk mßos wlaIfha isg d ÿrl ;nd .ksñka fla;=jg wlaIh jgd N%uKh úh
yels Wmßu fldaKsl m%fõ.h l=ula o
^1&
𝑔 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃− 𝜇 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 )
√𝑑 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃+ 𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 )
𝑔 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃− 𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 )
^2& √𝑑 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃+ 𝜇 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 )
𝑔 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃+ 𝜇 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 )
^3& √𝑑 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃− 𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ) d
OO

𝑔 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃− 𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ) 𝑔
^4& √𝑑 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃+ 𝜇 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ) ^5& √𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
(2019A/L(new)-50)

13& os. L iy M jk ;=kS taldldr AB oKavla rEmfha oelafõ' oKavg P Q

iudka;rj y ÿrlska msysgd we;s PQ we;s wlaIh jgd oKafâ wjiaÓ;s y
>Q¾Kh jkafka" A B
L
1
^1& 𝑀𝑟 2 ^2& 𝑀𝑢 + 𝑥 2 ^3& 𝑚𝑙 2
3 (2020A/L-5)
1
^4& 𝑀𝑙 2 + 𝑦 2 ^5& Y=kHh fjs
2

14& jD;a;dldr m:hl taldldr fldaKsl m%fjs.hlska .uka .kakd A jia;=jla rEmfha olajd
we;' jia;=fjys msysgSfus X wlaIh u; m%lafIamK ,laIHfhys (P) jsia:dmkh (x) iy
m%fjs.h (v) ld,h (t) iu. jsp,kh jvd;a fydoska ksrEmKh jkafka"

- 27 -
 (2021A/L-13)

15& jia;=jl wjia:s;s >Q¾Kh ms,snoj my; m%ldY i,ld n,kak'

(A) th jia;=fjs ialkaOh u; rod mj;S'
(B) th jia;=fjs ialkaOh jHdma;sh u; rod mj;S'
(C) th jia;=fjs fldaKsl m%fjs.h u; rod mj;S'
by; m%ldY w;rska"
^1& A muKla i;H fjs' ^2& B muKla i;H fjs' ^3& A iy B muKla i;H fjs'
^4& B iy C muKla i;H fjs' ^5& A, B iy C hk ish,a, i;H fjs'
(2021A/L-15)

16& wjia:s;s >Q¾Kh 0.4kgm2 jQ cjfrdaohla laIu;djh 100W jQ fudagrhla u.ska 10rads-1 jQ taldldr fldaKsl
fjs.hlska N%uKh lsrSug i,iajhs' fudagrh ls%hdjsrys; l< jsg cjfrdaofha fldaKsl ukaokh jkafka"
^1& 1rad s-2 ^2& 20rad s-2 ^3& 25rad s-2 ^4& 200rad s-2 ^5& 400rad s-2

(2021A/L-38)

28