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what is css

Uploaded by

peviriv356
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What Is CSS?

CSS, which stands for Cascading Style Sheets, is a stylesheet language used for describing the
presentation and layout of a web page. It controls the visual appearance of content written in HTML or
XML, enabling developers to separate structure from style. With CSS, web pages can be styled with
colors, fonts, spacing, and layout arrangements, creating visually appealing and user-friendly interfaces.

Key Features of CSS

CSS is a powerful language that provides numerous features, including:

1. Separation of Content and Design: CSS allows the separation of HTML content from its visual
presentation, making web development more efficient and maintainable.

2. Reusable Styles: Styles defined in CSS files can be reused across multiple web pages, reducing
redundancy and promoting consistency.

3. Responsive Design: CSS enables the creation of responsive designs that adapt to different screen
sizes and devices.

Types of CSS

CSS can be applied in three ways:

1. Inline CSS

Inline CSS is applied directly within an HTML element using the style attribute.

Example:

<p style="color: blue; font-size: 16px;">This is a styled paragraph.</p>

2. Internal CSS

Internal CSS is written within a <style> tag inside the <head> section of an HTML document.

Example:

<head>

<style>

p{

color: green;

font-size: 18px;

</style>

</head>

3. External CSS
External CSS is written in a separate file with a .css extension and linked to the HTML file.

Example of an external CSS file (styles.css):

body {

background-color: lightgray;

h1 {

color: navy;

font-family: Arial, sans-serif;

Example of linking an external CSS file:

<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

CSS Syntax

CSS rules are composed of selectors and declarations:

 Selector: Specifies the HTML element to be styled.

 Declaration: Contains property-value pairs enclosed in curly braces {}.

Example:

h1 {

color: blue; /* Property: color; Value: blue */

font-size: 24px;

Common CSS Properties

CSS offers a wide range of properties to style elements:

 Color: Sets the color of text (e.g., color: red;).

 Background: Defines the background color or image (e.g., background-color: yellow;).

 Font: Controls font type, size, and style (e.g., font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;).

 Margin and Padding: Manage spacing outside (margin) and inside (padding) an element.

 Border: Adds a border around elements (e.g., border: 2px solid black;).

CSS Selectors

Selectors specify which elements a style applies to:


 Type Selector: Targets all elements of a specific type (e.g., p {}).

 Class Selector: Targets elements with a specific class (e.g., .highlight {} for <p class="highlight">).

 ID Selector: Targets an element with a unique ID (e.g., #main {} for <div id="main">).

The Role of CSS in Web Design

CSS plays a crucial role in web design by enhancing the visual appeal and user experience. With CSS:

 Layouts: Complex layouts using techniques like Flexbox and Grid can be created.

 Animations: Elements can be animated for dynamic effects using properties like transition and
keyframes.

 Themes: Entire websites can be styled consistently by modifying a single stylesheet.

CSS Frameworks and Tools

To simplify development, many CSS frameworks and tools are available:

 Bootstrap: A popular framework for responsive design.

 Tailwind CSS: A utility-first framework for fast styling.

 Sass and LESS: Preprocessors that extend CSS with features like variables and nested rules.

Conclusion

CSS is an essential technology for web development, providing the means to design attractive and
responsive websites. By mastering CSS, developers can create visually stunning and user-friendly web
experiences that adapt seamlessly to various devices and screen sizes. As technology evolves, new CSS
features and techniques continue to enhance the possibilities for creative and efficient web design.

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