MAKALAH

UNDERSTANDING ENGLISH VERS PHRASE AND TENSES

Supporting Lecturer : Mentari Viona, M,Pd

KELOMPOK 2 :

ARDI NUR FAUZI 11012200814

SITI NURHASANAH 11012200011
NABILA AMELINDA SEPTIA 11012200196
ANIS FITRIA 11012200014
FAKHITA AGHNIA ILMI 11012200217
NOPITA ANGGREYANI 11012200064

PRODI MANAJEMEN
FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS
UNIVERSITAS BINA BANGSA
2023
 FOREWORD

The author would like to thank profusely for all the kindness and grace given to the author so
that he can finish this paper on time. Thank you to Mrs. Mentari as the English techer who
always helps her students and provides a lot of useful knowledge.

This is one of the assignments in the English subject. It consists of understanding English
Verb Phrases and Tenses. This is not a perfect model so the authors expect criticism and
suggestions to make it better.

Hopefully this article can be used as a reference for learning about understanding English
verb phrases and tenses.

Serang, 21 March 2023

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 LIST OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD..........................................................................................................................................i

LIST OF CONTENTS...........................................................................................................................ii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................1

1.1. Backround..................................................................................................................................1
1.2. Questions of the Problems..........................................................................................................1
1.3. Objectives...................................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL STUDY...............................................................................................2

2.1. Definition, Formula And Example Of Verb Phrase and 16 Tenses.............................................2

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS...........................................................9

BIBLIOGRAPHY...............................................................................................................................10

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 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1. Backround
English is international language. If we can speak English well, we can communicate with all
people in the world. And then we also can get insight and science for our nation, we can read
English literature, listen international radio, and watch international movie. So, we can get
sciences for all category.
Not only to add skill international language, learn English make easier to get a job.
Speak international language give as many advantage for every one. Make us ready to stay
anywhere. Therefore, it is necessary to learn grammar or tenses in English so that we can
speak English more easy. We also understand how to make sentence correctly.
1.2. Questions of the Problems
1. What the defition from verb phrase and tenses?
2. What the formula from verb phrase and tenses?
3. What the example from verb phrase and tenses?
1.3. Objectives
1. To know definition from verb phrase and tenses
2. To know formula from verb phrase and tenses
3. To know example from verb phrase and tenses

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 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL STUDY

2.1. Definition, Formula And Example Of Verb Phrase and 16 Tenses

A. VERB PHRASE

1. Verb Phrase
Verb phrases are one of the eight types of phrases in a sentence. They include the
helping verb and main verb in a sentence
.Example :

 I painted the fence.

(The verb phrase is a single main verb.)

 I was painting the fence.

(The verb phrase is the auxiliary verb "was" and a main verb in the form of
a present participle.)

 I had painted the fence.

(The verb phrase is the auxiliary verb "had" and a main verb in the form of
a past participle.)

 I might have painted the fence.

(The verb phrase is the modal auxiliary verb "might," the auxiliary verb
"have," and a main verb in the form of a past participle.)

 I should have been painting the fence when the lightning struck.
(The verb phrase is the modal auxiliary verb "should," the auxiliary verbs
"have" and "been," and a main verb in the form of a present participle.)

2. Simple and Complex Verb Phrases

A verb phrase consisting of just a main verb is called a "simple verb phrase." A
verb phrase with more than one word (i.e., a main verb and at least one auxiliary verb)
is called a "complex verb phrase."
 Lee ate the pie.
(This is a simple verb phrase.)
 Lee was eating the pie.

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 (This is a complex verb phrase.)
Verb phrases are necessary to express the main verb's tense, mood, or voice.
3. Verb phrases expressing tense:
Verb phrases tell us whether the action was in the past, present, or future. They
also tell us the aspect of the verb, i.e., whether the action is completed or ongoing.
 Mark was singing for hours.
(This is a complex verb phrase. It tells us the activity (singing) was in the
past and that it was an ongoing activity.)
 Mark will have sung his song before dinner.
(This is another complex verb phrase. It tells us the activity (singing) will be
in the future and that it will be completed.)
4. Verb phrases expressing mood:
Verb phrases tell us the verb's mood, i.e., whether it is to be regard as a
statement, a question, or an order.
 Mark sings at parties.
(This simple verb phrase tells us the verb is a statement, i.e., a verb in
the declarative mood.)
 Sing your song.
(This simple verb phrase tells us the verb is an order, i.e., a verb in
the imperative mood.)
 Will Mark sing at the party.
(This complex verb phrase (specifically the word order) tells us the verb is a
question, i.e., a verb in the interrogative mood.)
5. Verb phrases expressing voice:
Verb phrases tell us the verb's voice, i.e., whether it is active or passive.
 Mark sang at the party.
(This simple verb phrase tells us the verb is active, i.e., the subject of the
verb (Mark) is performing the action.)
 The song was sung by Mark at the party.
(This complex verb phrase tells us the verb is passive, i.e., the action of the
verb is being done to the subject of the verb (the song).)
The Order of Verbs in a Verb Phrase
The main verb in a verb phrase is always last. The order of verbs in a complex verb phrase is
as follows:

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  modal auxiliary verb
 auxiliary verb "to have"
 auxiliary verb "to be" (for tense)
 auxiliary verb "to be" (for the passive voice)
 main verb

B. TENSES
1. Simple Present Tense
The simple present is a verb tense with two main uses. We use the simple present tense when
an action is happening right now, or when it happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why
it’s sometimes called present indefinite). Depending on the person, the simple present tense is
formed by using the root form or by adding ?s or ?es to the end.
Formula and Examples :
 (+) Subject + verb 1 (+ s/es) + object / Subject + to be (am/is/are) +
adjective/adverb
(+) I use social media / She likes eating out / She is very polite and kind
 (-) Subject + do/does not + verb 1 + … / Subject + to be (am/is/are) + not +
adjective/adverb
(-) They do not use social media / She is not very polite and kind
 (?) Do/does + subject + verb 1 + object? / To be (am/is/are) + subject +
adjective/adverb?
(?) Does he use social media? / Is she polite and kind?
2. Present Continuous Tense
The present continuous tense is used for actions happening now or for an action that is
unfinished. This tense is also used when the action is temporary.
Formula & Example :
 (+) Subject + be (am/is/are) + verb (-ing) + …
(+) She is sleeping right now / We are studying today
 (-) Subject +be (am/is/are) + not + verb (-ing) + …
(-) She is not sleeping right now / We are not studying today
 (?) Be (am/is/are) + subject + verb (-ing) + …?
(?) Is she sleeping right now? / Are we studying today?

3. Present Perfect Tense

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The present perfect tense is a verb tense used to express actions that occurred at a non-
specific time. The present perfect tense is also used to express actions that started in the past
but continue to the present.

Formula & Example :

 (+) I/You/We/They + have + verb 3 / He/She/It + has + verb 3
They have lived in Jakarta for a long time / He has learned English for
one year
 (-) I/You/We/They + have + not + verb 3 / He/She/It + has + not + verb
3
They have not lived in Jakarta for a long time / He has not learned English
for one year
 (?)Have + I/You/We/They + verb 3? /Has + He/She/It + verb 3?
Have they lived in Jakarta for a long time? / Has he learned English for
one year?
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The present perfect continuous tense (also known as the present perfect progressive tense)
shows that something started in the past and is continuing at the present time. The present
perfect continuous is formed using the construction has/have been + the present participle
(root + -ing).
Formula & Example :
 (+) Subject + has / have + been + verb-ing
They have been working together since senior high school. / She has been
working at that company for three years.
 (-) Subject + has / have + not + been + verb-ing
It has not been raining for three days / I have not been living in America since
2003.
 (?) Has/have + subject + been + verb-ing?
Have you been eating this egg for an hour? / Has he been playing cricket for
two hours?

5. Simple Past Tense

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Simple past tense verbs—also called past simple or preterit—show action that occurred and
was completed at a particular time in the past. The simple past tense of regular verbs is
marked by the ending -d or -ed. Irregular verbs have a variety of endings. The simple past is
not accompanied by helping verbs. “The simple past tense is often used with an adverbial
phrase that specifies a time in the past, such as yesterday, last year, (or) an hour ago,”
according to “Complete English Grammar Rules.”
Formula & Example :
 (+) Subject + verb 2 + object Subject + to be (was/were) + adjective/adverb
We attended the festival last week / She was absent yesterday.
 (-) Subject + did not + infinitive verb + object Subject + was/were + not +
adjective/adverb
We did not attend the festival last week / She was not absent yesterday.
 (?) Did + subject + infinitive verb + object?/ Was/were + subject +
adjective/adverb?
Did they attend the festival last week? / Was she absent yesterday?
6. Past Continuous Tense
The past continuous tense, also known as the past progressive tense, refers to a continuing
action or state that was happening at some point in the past. The past continuous tense is
formed by combining the past tense of to be (i.e., was/were) with the verb’s present participle
(ing word).
Formula & Example :
 (+) Subject + be (was/were) + verb (-ing) + …<
She was waiting for you yesterday / They were discussing my birthday party.
 (-) Subject +be (was/were) + not + verb (-ing) + …
She was not waiting for you yesterday / They were not discussing my birthday
party.
 (?) Be (was/were) + subject + verb (-ing) + …?
Was she waiting for you yesterday? / Were they discussing my birthday party?

7. Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect tense is a verb tense used to express actions that occurred in the past that
finished before another action in the past started.
Formula & Example :

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  (+) Subject + had + verb 3
They had studied.
 (-) Subject + had + not + verb 3
They had not studied.
 (?) Had+ subject + verb 3?
Had they studied?
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The past perfect continuous tense (also known as the past perfect progressive tense) shows
that an action that started in the past continued up until another time in the past. The past
perfect continuous tense is constructed using had been + the verb’s present participle (root + -
ing).
Formula & Example :
 (+) Subject + had + been + verb-ing + object
He had been living in Jakarta about ten years.
 (-) Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing + object
He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years.
 (?) Had + subject + been + object ?
Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years?
9. Simple Future Tense
In English grammar, the simple future is a form of the verb that refers to an action or event
that has not yet begun. As illustrated below (in Examples and Observations), the simple
future is also used to make a prediction or to show ability, intention, or determination. Also
called the future simple.
Formula & Example :
 (+) Subject + will/shall + Verb 1 + Object Subject + be + going to + Verb 1 +
Object
I will leave it. / I am going to leave it.
 (-) Subject + will/shall + not + Verb 1 + Object Subject + be + not + going to
+ Verb 1 + Object
I will not leave it. / I am not going to leave it.
 (?) Will + Subject + Verb 1? Be + Subject + going to + Verb 1 + Object?
Will I leave it? / Am I going to leave it?

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 10. Future Continuous Tense
The future continuous tense, sometimes also referred to as the future progressive tense, is a
verb tense that indicates that something will occur in the future and continue for an expected
length of time. It is formed using the construction will + be + the present participle (the root
verb + -ing).
Formula & Example :
 (+) Subject + will + be +verb-ing
Mikaela will be running in a marathon race this Sunday morning.
 (-) Subject + will + be + not + verb-ing
Erika will not be competing against Mikaela in the race when the race starts.
 (?) Will + subject + be + verb-ing
Will Sunny and Rain be watching Mikaela race this Sunday evening?
11. Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect tense expresses action that will be finished at some point in the future. The
future perfect tense indicates actions that are complete, or finished. These actions have not
yet occurred but will occur and be finished in the future.
Formula & Example :
 (+) Subject + shall/will + have + been + complement / Subject + shall/will +
have + verb III + object
I will have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning.
 (-)Subject + shall/will + not + been + complement / Subject + shall/will + not
+ have + verb III + object
I will not have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning.
 (?) Shall/will + subject + been + complement / Shall/will + subject + have +
verb III + object?
Will you have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning?
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
The future perfect continuous, also sometimes called the future perfect progressive, is a verb
tense that describes actions that will continue up until a point in the future. The future perfect
continuous consists of will + have + been + the verb’s present participle (verb root + -ing).

Formula & Example :

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  (+) Subject + shall/will + have + been + verb-ing + object
My grandmother will have been visiting us tomorrow morning.
 (-) Subject + shall/will + not + have + been + verb-ing + object
My grandmother will not have been visiting us tomorrow morning.
 (?) Shall/will + subject + have + been + verb-ing + object?
Will your grandmother have been visiting you tomorrow morning?
13. Simple Past Future Tense
It is used to express the ‘idea’ that in the past an action/event was predicted, planned,
promised, expected or obliged to be done in the future of past, doesn’t matter if the idea is
correct or not.
Formula & Example :
 (+) Subject + should/would + be + object / Subject + should/would + verb I +
object
He should be in Banten next month.
 (-) Subject + should/would + not + be + object / Subject + should/would +
not + verb + object
He should not be in Banten next month.
 (?) Should/would + subject + be + object / Should/would + subject + verb I +
object
Would you be pick up when I arrive at the station tomorrow?
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
Past Future Continuous Tense is used to express about the idea’ that in the past action/event
was predicted, planned, promised, expected or obliged to be happening (being continued) in a
certain period in the past future, or while simultaneously another action/event happened or
was also happening (being continued) in the same period in the past future, regardless the fact
that idea was not proved to be true.
Formula & Example :
 (+) Subject + should/would + be + verb-ing + object
I would be singing Indonesian anthem last Monday.
 (-) Subject + should/would + not + be + verb-ing + object
My brother would not be finishing Thesis last week
 (?) Should/would + subject + be + verb-ing + object?
Should I be singing Indonesian anthem last Monday?

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 15. Past Future Perfect Tense
It is used to express the ‘idea’ in the past that an action/event was predicted, planned,
promised, expected or obliged to have been done completely before/ by a certain time in the
future (of past), or before/while another action/event happened in the future of past,
regardless the fact that the idea has not been proved to be true.
Formula & Example :
 (+) S + would/should/could/may/might/must + have + past participle (verb-3)
She would have worked / They would have been
 (-) S + would/should/could/may/might/must + not + have + past participle
(verb-3)
She wouldn’t have worked / They wouldn’t have been
 (?) would/should/could/may/might/must + S + have + past participle (verb-3)
Would she have worked / Would they have been
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express an action or imaginary situation that
would have been happening in the past. The verb of Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense is
in progress at a certain point or during certain periods in the past. Past Future Perfect
Continuous Tenses are suppositions or assumptions, referring to the actors in the sentence
just assumed the sentence stated by it.
Formula & Example :
 (+) S + would + have + been + present participle (-ing)
I/you/she/he/it would have been driving.
They/we would have been working.
 (-) S + would + not + have + been + present participle (-ing)
I/you/she/he/it would not have been driving.
They/we would not have been working.
 (?) Would + S + have + been + present participle (-ing)
Would I/you/she/he/it have been driving.
Would they/we have been working.

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 CHAPTER III CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1. Conclusion
From the discussion above, I can conclude that a verb phrase is one of the eight types
of phrases in a sentence. They include the auxiliary verb and the main verb in a while
sentence Tense is a verb form in English to show the time (present, future, or past) of an
action or event.
Types of tenses are divided into three parts, namely Present Tense, Future Tense, and Past
Tense. Present Tense itself consists of Simple Present Tense, Present Continues Tense and
Present Perfect Tense. Meanwhile, Future Tense consists of Simple Future Tense, Future
Continuous Tense, Future Perfect Tense, and Future Perfect Continuous Tense. Then the
latter consists of Past Tense Future Past Tense, Future Past Continuous Tense, Past Perfect
Future Tense, Past Continuous Tense and Future Perfect.
3.2. Recommendation
Thus the material that we can describe which is the subject of this proposal, of course
there are still many shortcomings and weaknesses, due to lack of knowledge and references.
The author really hopes that dear readers, provide constructive criticism and suggestions for
the perfection of the proposal to the author in writing proposals at the next opportunity.
Hopefully this paper is useful for writers in particular as well as dear readers in general. Thus
the review this time, I hope it is useful for you and also inspires.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 www.studiobelajar.com

 www.grammarly.com

 www.writingexplained.org

 www.squline.com/belajar-16-tenses-dalam-bahasa-inggris/

 https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/verb_phrase.htm

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