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Design of combined rectangular footing for two columns only

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36 views

Design of combined rectangular footing for two columns only

Uploaded by

durgadevi2112004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Rohini College of Engineering & Technology

DESIGN OF COMBINED RECTANGULAR FOOTING FOR TWO COLUMNS

Whenever two or more columns in a straight line are carried on a single spread footing, it
is called a combined footing. Isolated footings for each column are generally the economical.
Combined footings are provided only when it is absolutely necessary, as
1.When two columns are close together, causing overlap of adjacent isolated footings
2.Where soil bearing capacity is low, causing overlap of adjacent isolated footings
3. Proximity of building line or existing building or sewer, adjacent to a building column.

Problem
Two interior columns A and B carry 700 kN and 1000 kN loads respectively. Column A
is 350 mm x 350 mm and column B is 400 mm X 400 mm in section. The centre to centre
spacing between columns is 4.6 m. The soil on which the footing rests is capable of
providing resistance of 130 kN/m2. Design a combined footing by providing a central
beam joining the two columns. Use concrete grade M25 and mild steel reinforcement.
Solution: Data
fck = 25 N/mm2,
fy= 250 N/mm2,
fb = l30 kN/m2 (SBC),
Column A = 350 mm x 350 mm,
Column B = 400 mm x 400 mm,
c/c spacing of columns = 4.6 m, PA = 700 kN and PB = 1000 kN
Ultimate loads
P = 1.5 x 700 = 1050 kN,
ua
P = 1.5 x 1000 = 1500 kN
ub

Working load carried by column A = P = 700 kN


A
Working load carried by column B = P = 1000 kN
B
Self weight of footing 10 % x (P + P ) = 170 kN Total working load = 1870 kN
A B
Required area of footing = Af = Total load /SBC

CE3501 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS


Rohini College of Engineering & Technology

=1870/130 = 14.38 m2
Let the width of the footing = Bf = 2m
Required length of footing = Lf = Af /Bf = 14.38/2 = 7.19m
Provide footing of size 7.2m X 2m,Af = 7.2 x 2 = 14.4 m2

For uniform pressure distribution the C.G. of the footing should coincide with the C.G. of
column loads. Let x be the distance of C.G. from the centre line of column A
Then x = (PB x 4.6)/(PA + PB) = (1000 x 4.6)/(1000 +700)
= 2.7 m from column A.
If the cantilever projection of footing beyond column A is ‘a’
then, a + 2.7 = Lf /2 = 7.2/2, Therefore a = 0.9 m
Similarly if the cantilever projection of footing beyond B is 'b'
then, b + (4.6-2.7) = Lf /2 = 3.6 m,
Therefore b = 3.6 - 1.9 = 1.7 m
The details are shown in Figure

Rectangular Footing with Central Beam:-Design of Bottom slab

Total ultimate load from columns = Pu= 1.5(700 + 1000) = 2550 kN.
Upward intensity of soil pressure wu= P/Af= 2550/14.4 = 177 kN/m2

CE3501 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS


Rohini College of Engineering & Technology

Design of slab

Intensity of Upward pressure = wu =177 kN/m2


Consider one meter width of the slab (b=1m)
Load per m run of slab at ultimate = 177 x 1 = 177 kN/m
Cantilever projection of the slab (For smaller column)
=1000 - 350/2 = 825 mm
Maximum ultimate moment = 177 x 0.8252/2 = 60.2 kN-m.

For M25 and Fe 250, Q u max = 3.71 N/mm2


Required effective depth = √ (60.2 x 106/(3.71 x 1000)) = 128 mm
Since the slab is in contact with the soil clear cover of 50 mm is assumed.
Using 20 mm diameter bars
Required total depth = 128 + 20/2 + 50 =188 mm say 200 mm
Provided effective depth = d = 200-50-20/2 = 140 mm

Check the depth for one - way


shear considerations- At ‘d’ from face
Design shear force=Vu=177x(0.825-0.140)=121kN
Nominal shear stress=τv=Vu/bd=121000/(1000x140) =0.866MPa
Permissible shear stress

CE3501 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS


Rohini College of Engineering & Technology

Pt = 100 x 2415 /(1000 x 140 ) = 1.7 %, τuc = 0.772 N/mm2


Value of k for 200 mm thick slab =1.2
Permissible shear stress = 1.2 x 0.772 = 0.926 N/mm2
τuc > τv and hence safe
The depth may be reduced uniformly to 150 mm at the edges.

Check for development length


Ldt= [0.87 x 250 / (4 x 1.4)]Ф =39 Ф
= 39 x 20 = 780 mm
Available length of bar=825 - 25 = 800mm
> 780 mm and hence safe.

Transverse reinforcement
Required Ast=0.15bD/100
=0.15x1000 x 200/100 = 300mm2
Using Ф8 mm bars, Spacing=1000x50/300
= 160 mm
Provide distribution steel of Ф8 mm at 160 mm c/c,<300, <5d

Design of Longitudinal Beam

Load from the slab will be transferred to the beam.


As the width of the footing is 2 m, the net upward soil pressure per meter length of the beam
= wu = 177 x 2 = 354 kN/m
Shear Force and Bending Moment
VAC= 354 x 0.9 =318.6 kN, VAB = 1050-318.6 =731.4 kN
VBD= 354 x 1.7 = 601.8kN, VBA = 1500-601.8 = 898.2 kN
Point of zero shear from left end C
X1 = 1050/354 = 2.97m from C or
X2 = 7.2-2.97 = 4.23 m from D
Maximum B.M. occurs at a distance of 4.23 m from D
MuE = 354 x 4.232 / 2 - 1500 (4.23 - 1.7) = -628 kN.m

CE3501 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS


Rohini College of Engineering & Technology

Bending moment under column A= MuA=354x0.92 /2 = 143.37 kN.m


Bending moment under column B = MuB = 354 x 1.72 = 511.5 kN-m
Let the point of contra flexure be at a distance x from the centre of column A
Then, Mx= I050x - 354 (x + 0.9 )2/ 2 = 0
Therefore x = 0.206 m and 3.92 m from column A
i.e. 0.68 m from B.

Depth of beam from B.M.

The width of beam is kept equal to the maximum


width of the column i.e. 400 mm. Determine the
depth of the beam where T- beam action is not available.
The beam acts as a rectangular section in the cantilever portion, where the maximum positive
moment = 511.5 kN/m.
d =√ (511.5 x 106/ (3.73 x 400)) = 586 mm
Provide total depth of 750 mm. Assuming two rows of bars with effective cover of 70 mm.
Effective depth provided = d= 750-70 = 680 mm
(Less than 750mm and hence no side face steel is needed

In this case b=D=400 mm, db=680 mm, ds=140 mm


Area resisting two - way shear
= 2(b x db + ds x d s) + 2 (D + d b)ds

CE3501 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS


Rohini College of Engineering & Technology

= 2 (400 x 680+ 140 x 140) + 2(400+680) 140= 885600 mm2


Design shear=Pud= column load – W u x area at critical section
= 1500 - 177 x(b + ds) x (D + db)
=1500-177 x (0.400+0.140) x (0.400+ 0.680) =1377.65kN
τv=Pud/bod
= 1377.65x1000/885600=1.56 MPa
Shear stress resisted by concrete = τuc = τuc x K s
where, τuc = 0.25 √ f ck= 0.25√ 25 = 1.25 N/mm2
K s = 0.5 + d / D = 0.5 + 400/400 = 1.5 ≤ 1 Hence K s = 1
τuc = 1 x 1.25 = 1.25 N/mm2 .
Therefore Unsafe

CE3501 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS


Rohini College of Engineering & Technology

CE3501 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

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