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14 views

PowerPoint Presentation4

Uploaded by

K.M. Abir Mahmud Moin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Hydro-electric Power Stations Schematic Arrangement

A generating station which utilizes the potential energy of water at a high level for the generation of
electrical energy is known as a hydro-electric power station.
Advantages
(i) It requires no fuel as water is used for the generation of electrical energy.
(ii) It is quite neat and clean as no smoke or ash is produced.
(iii) It requires very small running charges because water is the source of energy which is available free of cost.
(iv) It is comparatively simple in construction and requires less maintenance.
(v) It does not require a long starting time like a steam power station. In fact, such plants can be put into service instantly. The valve house contains main sluice valves
(vi) It is robust and has a longer life. and automatic isolating valves. The former
(vii) Such plants serve many purposes. In addition to the generation of electrical energy, they also help in irrigation and
controls the water flow to the power house
controlling floods.
(viii) Although such plants require the attention of highly skilled persons at the time of construction, yet for operation, a
and the latter cuts off supply of water when
few experienced persons may do the job well. the penstock bursts

Disadvantages
(i) It involves high capital cost due to construction of dam. Water is taken to water turbine through a huge
(ii) There is uncertainty about the availability of huge amount of water due to dependence on weather conditions. steel (or concrete) pipe known as penstock
(iii) Skilled and experienced hands are required to build the plant.
(iv) It requires high cost of transmission lines as the plant is located in hilly areas which are quite away from the consumers The water turbine converts hydraulic energy
[1] Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) into mechanical energy
Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) 2 [2] https://sewervue.com/penstock-assessment.html, retrieved on October 17, 2022 3

Constituents Constituents
(1) Hydraulic structures (1) Hydraulic structures
(2) Water turbines (2) Water turbines
(3) Electrical equipment (3) Electrical equipment

Hydraulic structures Water turbines


i. Dam i. Impulse turbine
- Masonary dam
- Earth dam ii. Reaction turbine
ii. Spillways - Francis turbine
iii. Headworks Water flows radially inwards and changes to a downward direction while passing
iv. Surge Tank through the runner. As the water passes over the “rotating blades” of the runner, both
v. Penstocks pressure and velocity of water are reduced.
- Kaplan turbine
The runner of Kaplan turbine receives water axially. Water flows radially inwards
through regulating gates all around the sides, changing direction in the runner to axial
flow
Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) 4 Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) 5
Constituents Choice of Site
(1) Hydraulic structures
(2) Water turbines (i) Availability of water
(3) Electrical equipment
(ii) Storage of water
(iii) Cost and type of land
Electrical Equipment
(iv) Transportation facilities

i. Alternators
ii. Transformers Ideal choice of site for a hydro-electric plant is near a river in hilly areas where dam can
iii. circuit breakers be conveniently built and large reservoirs can be obtained.

iv. switching and protective devices

Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) 6 Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) 7

Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) 8 Mehta, V. K., and Rohit Mehta. "Principles of power systems, S." CHAND, New Delhi, India (2011) 9

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