K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik.

Program: Information Technology (IF)

Semester: II Scheme: K
Course: Linux Basics Course Code: 312001
Unit-1: Introduction to Linux Operating System
Topic: Introduction
Presented by:
Mrs. M. P. Nawarkar
Lecturer in Information Technology
Introduction
Contents
Course Outcome:
CO-1: Install Linux Operating System.

Theory Learning Outcomes:

TLO1.1 Describe the history of Linux.

Presented by: Mrs. M. P. Nawarkar, K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik

Introduction
Contents
Contents:
• Introduction to Operating System.
• Introduction to Linux .
• History of Linux
• Overview of Linux

Presented by: Mrs. M. P. Nawarkar, K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik

Introduction
What is Operating System?
- Operating System can be defined as an interface between user and the hardware.
- An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and
provides common services for computer programs.
- It provides an environment to the user so that, the user can perform its task in convenient and
efficient way.
- It performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process management,
handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
- Some popular Operating Systems include Linux Operating System, Windows Operating System.
- Today, Operating systems is found almost in every device like mobile phones, personal computers,
mainframe computers, automobiles, TV, Toys etc.

Presented by: Mrs. M. P. Nawarkar, K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik

Introduction
Functions of Operating System
- Resource Management: The OS manages and allocates memory, CPU time, and other hardware
resources among the various programs and processes running on the computer.
- Process Management: The OS is responsible for starting, stopping, and managing processes and
programs. It also controls the scheduling of processes and allocates resources to them.
- Memory Management: The operating system manages the computer’s primary memory and
provides mechanisms for optimizing memory usage.
- Security: The operating system provides a secure environment for the user, applications, and data by
implementing security policies and mechanisms such as access controls and encryption.
- File Management: The operating system is responsible for organizing and managing the file system,
including the creation, deletion, and manipulation of files and directories.

Presented by: Mrs. M. P. Nawarkar, K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik

Introduction
Functions of Operating System
- Device Management: The operating system manages input/output devices such as printers,
keyboards, mice, and displays. It provides the necessary drivers and interfaces to enable
communication between the devices and the computer.
- Networking: The operating system provides networking capabilities such as establishing and
managing network connections, handling network protocols, and sharing resources such as
printers and files over a network.
- User Interface: The operating system provides a user interface that enables users to interact with
the computer system. This can be a Graphical User Interface (GUI), a Command-Line Interface
(CLI), or a combination of both.
- Backup and Recovery: The operating system provides mechanisms for backing up data and
recovering it in case of system failures, errors, or disasters..
Presented by: Mrs. M. P. Nawarkar, K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik
Introduction
Examples of Operating System
-Windows (GUI-based, PC)
- Linux (Personal, Workstations, Three-tier client/Server)
- macOS (Macintosh), used for Apple’s personal computers and workstations (MacBook,
iMac).
- Android (Google’s Operating System for smartphones/tablets/smartwatches)
- iOS (Apple’s OS for iPhone, iPad)

Presented by: Mrs. M. P. Nawarkar, K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik

Introduction
What is Unix?
- UNIX is a powerful Operating System initially developed by Ken Thompson, Dennis
Ritchie at AT&T Bell laboratories in 1970.
- It is common among scientific, engineering, and academic institutions due to its most
appreciative features like multitasking, flexibility, and many more.
- In UNIX, the file system is a hierarchical structure of files and directories where users
can store and retrieve information using the files.
- It features a command-line interface that allows users to interact with the system
through a series of commands, rather than through a graphical user interface (GUI).
- The source code of Unix is not freely available.
- Unix is not portable.

Presented by: Mrs. M. P. Nawarkar, K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik

Introduction
What is Linux?
- Just like Windows, iOS, and Mac OS, Linux is an operating system.
- Android is powered by the Linux operating system.
- Linux is a popular open-source operating system.
- It was initially created by Linus Torvalds in 1991.
- The name Linux is a combination of his first name, Linus, and Unix,
- Linux is a Unix Clone.
- It can run on 32-bit and 64-bit hardware.
- The source code of Linux is freely available to its users.
- It has graphical user interface along with command line interface.
- Linux OS is portable, flexible, and can be executed in different hard drives

Presented by: Mrs. M. P. Nawarkar, K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik

Introduction
Overview of Linux?
- Nowadays, Linux is the fastest-growing OS.
- It is used from phones to supercomputers.
- Initially, Linux was created for PCs and gradually it was used in other machines like
servers, mainframe computers, supercomputers.
- Nowadays, Linux is also used in embedded systems like routers, automation controls,
TVs, digital video recorders, video game counselors, smart watches etc.
- The biggest success of Linux is Android.
- Linux is written primarily in the C programming language.

Presented by: Mrs. M. P. Nawarkar, K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik

Introduction
Features of Linux?
- It is a multi-user operating system.
- It is multitasking open wisdom.
- It is a highly secure operating system.
- It can be freely distributed or downloaded it.
- Uses Hierarchical File System
- It is portable, easy to use and the most flexible operating system.

Presented by: Mrs. M. P. Nawarkar, K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik

 Thank you

Presented by: Mrs. M. P. Nawarkar, K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik