Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.

com/

Very Short Answer Type Questions

[1 Marks]

Que 1. Express sin 67° + cos 75° in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles between 0°
and 45°.
Sol. sin 67° + cos 75°
= sin (90° - 23°) +cos (90° - 15°) = cos 23° + sin 15°
Que 2. Evaluate:
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟖° 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐𝟔°
(𝒊) (𝒊𝒊)
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟕𝟐° 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝟔𝟒°

(𝒊𝒊𝒊) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒𝟖° − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝟐° (𝒊𝒗) 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒆𝒄 𝟑𝟏° − 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝟓𝟗°
sin 18° sin (90°−72°) cos 72°
Sol. (𝑖) = = =1

om
cos 72° cos 72° cos 72°
tan 26° tan (90°−64°) 𝑐𝑜𝑡 64°
(𝑖𝑖) = = =1

.c
𝑐𝑜𝑡 64° 𝑐𝑜𝑡 64° 𝑐𝑜𝑡 64°

ns
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) cos 48° − sin 42° = cos (90° − 42°) − sin 42°
(𝑖𝑣) cos𝑒𝑐 31° − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 59° = cos𝑒𝑐 (90° − 59°) − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 59° tio
lu
so

= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 59° − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 59° = 0.

k

Que 3. In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 right angled at C, find the value of cos (A + B).

oo
rtb
ce
.n
w
w
// w
s:
tp
ht

Sol. In Fig. 10.2

∵ ∠𝐶 = 90°
∴ ∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 = 90° (By angle sum property)
Hence, cos (A + B) = cos (90°) = 0.
Que 4. Can the value of the expression (cos 80° - sin 80°) be negative? Justify your
answer.
Sol. True, for 𝜃 > 45°, sin 𝜃 > cos 𝜃, 𝑠𝑜 cos 80° − sin 80° has a negative value.
Que 5. If sin A + sin2 A = 1, then show that cos2 A + cos4 A = 1.
Sol. sin A + sin2 A = 1 ⇒ sin A = 1 – sin2 A = cos2 A
2 4 2
∴ cos 𝐴 + cos 𝐴 = sin 𝐴 + sin 𝐴 = 1.

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

om
.c
ns
tio
lu
𝟏
Que 6. Write the value of cot2 𝜽 − .
so

𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽
k

1
Sol. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 − = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 − cos𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 1.
oo

sin2 𝜃
rtb

𝟏
Que 7. If sin 𝜽 = 𝟑, then find the value of 2 cot2 𝜽 + 𝟐.
ce

2 2
Sol. 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 + 2 = 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 + 1) = 2 cos𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = = = 2 × 9 = 18.
.n

sin2 𝜃 1 2
(3)
w
w
//w
s:
tp
ht

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

Short Answer Type Questions – I

[2 marks]

Que 1. Evaluate cos 48° cos 42° - sin 48° sin 42°.

Sol. cos 48° cos 42° - sin 48° sin 42° = cos (90° - 42°) cos (90° - 48°) – sin 48° sin 42°
= sin 42° sin 48° - sin 48° sin 42° [∵ cos (90 − 𝜃) = sin 𝜃]
=0

Que 2. Find the value of: 3 sin2 20° - 2 tan2 45° + 3 sin2 70°

Sol. 3 sin2 20° − 2 tan2 45° + 3 sin2 70°

= 3 sin2 (90° − 70°) − 2(1)2 + 3 sin2 70° [∵ tan 45° = 1]
= 3 cos 2 70° − 2 + 3 sin2 70° [∵ sin (90 − 𝜃) = cos 𝜃]

om
= 3 (sin2 70° + cos 2 70°) − 2

.c
= 3 × 1 − 2 = 3 − 2 = 1. [∵ sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1]

ns
Que 3. If sin2 A = 2 sin A then find the value of A.
tio
lu
Sol. sin2 A = 2 sin A.
so

⇒ sin2 𝐴 − 2 sin 𝐴 = 0 ⇒ sin 𝐴 (sin 𝐴 − 2) = 0

k
oo

⇒ either sin A = 0 or sin A – 2 = 0.

⇒ 𝐴 = 0° [sin 𝐴 = 2, 𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒]
rtb

∴ Value of ∠𝐴 = 0°
ce
.n

𝟏
Que 4. Find maximum value of , 𝟎° ≤ 𝜽 ≤ 𝟗𝟎°.
w

𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽
w

1
w

Sol. , (0° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 90°) (Given)

𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃
//
s:

∵ sec 𝜃 is in the denominator

tp

1
ht

∴ The min. value of sec 𝜃 will return max. Value for .

𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃
But the min. Value of sec 𝜃 is sec 0° = 1.
1 1
Hence, the max. Value of = = 1.
𝑠𝑒𝑐 0° 1

𝒂
Que 5. Given that sin 𝜽 = , find the value of tan𝜽.
𝒃

𝑎
Sol. sin 𝜃 =
𝑏

𝑎2 𝑏 2 −𝑎2 𝑏 2 −𝑎2
⇒ cos 𝜃 = √1 − sin2 𝜃 = √1 − =√ =√
𝑏2 𝑏2 𝑏
sin 𝜃 𝑎|𝑏 𝑎
tan 𝜃 = = = √𝑏2
cos 𝜃 2 2
√𝑏 −𝑎 −𝑎2
𝑏

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

Que 6. If sin 𝜽 = cos 𝜽, then find the value of 2 tan 𝜽 + cos2 𝜽.

Sol. sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 (Given)

It means value of 𝜃 = 45°
Now, 2 tan 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 45° + cos 2 45°

om
1 2
1
=2×1+ ( ) (∵ tan 45° = 1, cos 45° = )

.c
√2 √2

ns
1 4+1 5
= 2+ =
2 2
=
2
tio
lu
so

Que 7. I sin (x - 20°) = cos (3x - 10)°, then find the value of x.
k

Sol. sin (𝑥 − 20)° = cos (3𝑥 − 10)°

oo

⇒ cos [90° − (𝑥 − 20)°] = cos (3𝑥 − 10)°

rtb

By comparing the coefficient

ce

90° − 𝑥° + 20° = 3𝑥° − 10° ⇒ 110° + 10° = 3𝑥° + 𝑥°

.n
w

120°
120° = 4𝑥° ⇒ 𝑥° = = 30°
w

4
w

𝟏
Que 8. If sin2 A = 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝟒𝟓°, where A is an acute angle, then find the value of A.
//
s:

𝟐
tp

1 1
Sol. sin2 𝐴 = 2 tan2 45° ⇒ sin2 𝐴 = 2 (1)2 [∵ tan 45° = 1]
ht

1 1
⇒ sin2 𝐴 = 2 ⇒ sin 𝐴 =
√2

Hence, ∠𝐴 = 45°

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

Short Answer Type Questions – II

[3 marks]

𝟑
Que 1. If sin A = , calculate cos A and tan A.
𝟒

om
.c
ns
tio
lu
so

Sol. Let us first draw a right ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 in which ∠𝐶 = 90°.

k

Now, we know that

oo
rtb

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐵𝐶 3
sin 𝐴 = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐵 4
ce
.n

Let BC = 3k and AB = 4k, where k is a positive number.

w

Then, by Pythagoras Theorem, we have

w

𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 ⇒ (4𝑘)2 = (3𝑘)2 + 𝐴𝐶 2

w

⇒ 16𝑘 2 − 9𝑘 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 ⇒ 7𝑘 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2
//
s:

∴ 𝐴𝐶 = √7𝑘
tp

𝐴𝐶 √7𝑘 √7 𝐵𝐶 3𝑘 3
∴ cos 𝐴 = = = and tan 𝐴 = = = .
ht

𝐴𝐵 4𝑘 4 𝐴𝐶 √7𝑘 √7

Que 2. Given 15 cot A = 8, find sin A and sec A.

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

Sol. Let us first draw a right∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, in which ∠𝐵 = 90°.

Now, we have, 15 cot A = 8
8 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴 = = =
15 𝐵𝐶 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟

Let AB = 8k and BC = 15k

Then, AC = √(𝐴𝐵)2 + (𝐵𝐶 )2 (By Pythagoras Theorem)
= √(8𝑘)2 + (15𝑘)2 = √64𝑘 2 + 225𝑘 2 = √289𝑘 2 = 17𝑘

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐵𝐶 15𝑘 15
∴ sin 𝐴 = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 17𝑘 17

𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 17𝑘 17
And, sec A = = = = .
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐵 8𝑘 8

om
Que 3. In Fig. 10.5, find tan P – cot R.

.c
ns
tio
lu
k so
oo
rtb
ce
.n
w
w

Sol. Using Pythagoras Theorem, we have

w

PR2 = PQ2 + QR2

//
s:

⇒ (13)2 = (12)2 + QR2

tp

⇒ 169 = 144 + QR2

ht

⇒ QR2 = 169 – 144 = 25 ⇒ QR = 5 cm

𝑄𝑅 5 𝑄𝑅 5
Now, tan P = = and cot R = =
𝑃𝑂 12 𝑃𝑄 12

5 5
∴ tan 𝑃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑅 = − = 0.
12 12

Que 4. If sin 𝜽 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = √𝟑, then prove that tan 𝜽 + cot 𝜽 = 1.

Sol. sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 = √3

⇒ (sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃)2 = 3
⇒ sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 + 2 sin𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 3
⇒ 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 2 (∵ sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1)
⇒ sin 𝜃. Cos 𝜃 = 1 = sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃
⇒ 1=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

⇒ 1 = 𝑡an 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃
Therefore tan 𝜃 + cot 𝜃 = 1
𝟏−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
Que 5. Prove that = (𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽)𝟐
𝟏+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽

1−sin 𝜃
Sol. LHS =
1+sin 𝜃

1−sin 𝜃 1−sin 𝜃
= × [Rationalising the denominator]
1+sin 𝜃 1−sin 𝜃

(1−sin 𝜃)2 1−sin 𝜃 2 1 sin 𝜃 2

= =( ) = ( − )
1−sin2 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜗 cos 𝜃

om
= (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 − tan 𝜃)2 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆

.c
ns
Without using tables, evaluate the following (6 to 10).

𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝟓𝟒°− 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝟑𝟔° tio

lu
Que 6. + 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟑𝟖°. 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝟓𝟐° − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟒𝟓°.
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝟓𝟕°− 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝟑𝟑°
k so

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 54°− 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 36°

+ 2 sin2 38°. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 52° − sin2 45°.
oo

Sol. We have,
cos𝑒𝑐 2 57°− tan2 33°
rtb

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (90°−36°) − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 36°

= + 2 sin2 38°. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (90° − 38°) − sin2 45°
ce

cos𝑒𝑐 2 (90°−33°) − tan2 33°

.n

cos𝑒𝑐 2 36°−𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 36° 1 2

w

= + 2 sin2 38°. cos𝑒𝑐 2 38 − ( )

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 33°− tan2 33°
w

√2
w

1 1 1 5
//

= + 2.1 − = 3 − = .
s:

1 2 2 2
tp

𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝟖° 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝟏𝟓° 𝟑 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒𝟓°.𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐𝟎°.𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒𝟎°.𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟓𝟎°.𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟕𝟎°
− − .
ht

Que 7.
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝟐° 𝟓 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟕𝟓° 𝟓

2 sin 68° 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡 15° 3 tan 45°.tan 20°.tan 40°.tan 50°.tan 70°
Sol. We have − −
cos 22° 5 tan 75° 5

2 sin (90°−22°) 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡 15°

= −
cos 22° 5 tan (90°−15°)

3 tan 45°.tan 20°.tan 40°.tan (90°−40°).tan (90°−20°)

−
5

2 cos 22° 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡 15° 3 tan 45°,tan 20°.tan 40°.𝑐𝑜𝑡 40°.𝑐𝑜𝑡 20°
= − −
cos 22° 5 𝑐𝑜𝑡 15° 5

2 3 tan 45°.(tan 20°.𝑐𝑜𝑡 20°).(tan 40°.𝑐𝑜𝑡 40°)

= 2 − −
5 5

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

2 3 2 3
2 − − . 1. 1. 1 = 2 − − = 2 − 1 = 1.
5 5 5 5

𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟐𝟎° + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟕𝟎° 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟗𝟎°−𝜽𝐬𝐢𝐧𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟗𝟎°−𝜽).𝐜𝐨𝐬𝜽

Que 8. + [ + ].
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝟐𝟎° + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝟕𝟎° 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽

sin2 20° + sin2 70° sin(90°−𝜃sin𝜃 cos(90°−𝜃).cos𝜃

Sol. We have + [ + ]
cos2 20° + cos2 70° tan𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃

sin2 20°+sin2 (90°−20°) cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

= + [ + ]
cos2 20°+cos2 (90°−20°) tan 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃

sin2 20°+cos2 20° cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

= + [ sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 ]
cos2 20°+sin2 20°
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

1 2
= + [cos 2 𝜃 + sin 𝜃
] = 1 + 1 = 2.

om
1

.c
Que 9. Evaluate sin 25° cos 65° + cos 25° sin 65°.

ns
Sol. sin 25°. Cos 65° + cos 25°. Sin 65°
= sin (90° − 65°). cos 65° + cos (90° − 65°). sin 65° tio
lu
= cos 65°. cos 65° + sin 65°. sin 65°
so

= cos 2 65° + sin2 65° = 1.

k
oo

Que 10. Without using tables, evaluate the following:

rtb

𝟏
𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟔𝟖°. 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒆𝒄 𝟐𝟐° − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒𝟑°. 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒𝟕°. 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏𝟐°. 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟔𝟎°. 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟕𝟖°.
𝟐
ce
.n

Sol. We have,
w

1
3 cos 68°. cos𝑒𝑐 22° − tan 43°. tan 47°. tan 12°. tan 60°. tan 78°.
w

2
1
w

= 3 cos (90° − 22°). cos𝑒𝑐 22° − . {tan 43°. tan (90° − 43°)}
2
//
s:

. {tan 12°. tan (90° − 12°). tan 60°

tp
ht

1
= 3 sin 22°. cos𝑒𝑐 22° − (tan 43°. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 43°). (tan 12°. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 12°). tan 60°
2

1 √3 6−√3
= 3×1 − × 1 × 1 × √3 = 3 − = .
2 2 2

Que 11. If sin 3 𝜽 = cos (𝜽 – 6°) where 3 𝜽 and 𝜽 – 6° are both acute angles, find the
value of 𝜽.

Sol. According to question:

sin 3𝜃 = cos (𝜃 – 6°)
⇒ cos (90° − 3𝜃) = cos (𝜃 − 6°) [∵ cos (90° − 𝜃) = sin 𝜃]

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

⇒ 90° − 3𝜃 = 𝜃 − 6° [𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠]

96
⇒ 4𝜃 = 90° + 6 = 96° ⇒ 𝜃 = = 24°
4

Hence, 𝜃 = 24°

𝟏 𝟏
Que 12. If sec 𝜽 = 𝒙 +
𝟒𝒙
, prove that sec 𝜽 + tan 𝜽 = 2x or .
𝟐𝒙

Sol. Let sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = 𝜆 …(i)

We know that, sec2 𝜃 – tan2 𝜃 = 1
⇒ (sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃) (sec 𝜃 − tan 𝜃) = 1 ⇒ 𝜆 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 − tan 𝜃 = 1
1
sec 𝜃 – tan 𝜃 = …(ii)
𝜆

om
Adding equations (i) and (i), we get
1 1 1
2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 𝛾 + 𝜆 ⇒ 2 (𝑥 + ) = 𝜆+

.c
4𝑥 𝜆

ns
1 1
⇒ 2𝑥 + = 𝜆+
2𝑥 𝜆
tio
lu
1
so

On comparing, we get 𝜆 = 2x or 𝜆 =
2𝑥
k
oo

1
⇒ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = 2𝑥 𝑜𝑟
rtb

2𝑥
ce

𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝟏−√𝟑

Que 13. Find an acute angle𝜽, when = .
.n

𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝟏+√𝟓

w
w

Sol. We have,
w

cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃
//

cos 𝜃 − 𝑠in 𝜃 1−√3 1−√3

s:

cos 𝜃
= ⇒ cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 =
tp

cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 1+√3 1+√3

cos 𝜃
ht

[Dividing numerator & denominator of the LHS by cos𝜃]

1 − tan 𝜃 1 − √3
⇒ =
1 + tan 𝜃 1 + √3

On comparing we get
⇒ tan 𝜃 = √3 ⇒ tan 𝜃 = tan 60° ⇒ 𝜃 = 60°

Que 14. The altitude AD of a ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪, in which ∠𝑨 is an obtuse angle has length 10 cm. If
BD = 10 cm and CD = 𝟏𝟎√𝟑 cm, determine ∠𝑨.

Sol. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 is a right triangle right angled at D, such that AD = 10 cm and BD = 10 cm.
Let ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = 𝜃

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

𝐵𝐷 10
∴ tan 𝜃 = ⇒ tan 𝜃 = = 1
𝐴𝐷 10

⇒ tan 𝜃 = tan 45° ⇒ 𝜃 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = 45° …(i)

om
∆𝐴𝐶𝐷 is a right triangle right angled at D such that AD = 10 cm and DC = 10√3 𝑐𝑚.
Let ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 𝜙

.c
ns
𝐶𝐷 10√3
∴ tan 𝜙 = ⇒ tan 𝜙 = = √3
𝐴𝐷
⇒ tan 𝜙 = tan 60° ⇒ 𝜙 = ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 60°
10
tio …(ii)
lu
so

From (i) & (ii), we have

k
oo

∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 + ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 45° + 60° = 105°

rtb

𝟏𝟑 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 − 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
Que 15. If cosec 𝜽 = , evaluate
ce

𝟏𝟐 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 − 𝟗 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
.n

13 12
Sol. Given cosec 𝜃 = , then sin 𝜃 =
w

12 13
w
w

12 2 169−144 25
cos 2 𝜃 = 1 − sin2 𝜃 = 1 − ( ) = =
//

13 169 169
s:
tp

5
cos 𝜃 =
ht

13

12 5
2 sin 𝜃 − 3 cos 𝜃 2×13 − 3×13 24−15 9
Now, = 12 5 = = =3
4 sin 𝜃 − 9 cos 𝜃 4×13 − 9×13 48−45 3

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

Long Answer Type Questions

[4 MARKS]

Que 1. In ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹, right angled at Q, PR + QR = 25 cm and PQ = 5 cm. Determine the

values of sin P, cos P and tan P.

om
.c
ns
tio
lu
k so
oo

Sol. We have a right-angled ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 in which ∠𝑄 = 90°.

rtb

Let QR = x cm
ce

Therefore, PR = (25 – x) cm
.n

By Pythagoras Theorem, we have

w

PR2 = PQ2 + QR2

w

⇒ (25 − 𝑥)2 = 52 + 𝑥 2 ⇒ (25 − 𝑥)2 − 𝑥 2 = 52

w

⇒ (25 − 𝑥 − 𝑥) (25 − 𝑥 + 𝑥) = 25
//
s:

⇒ (25 − 2𝑥) 25 = 25 ⇒ 25 − 2𝑥 = 1
tp

⇒ 25 − 1 = 2𝑥 ⇒ 24 = 2𝑥
ht

∴ 𝑥 = 12 𝑐𝑚.
Hence, QR =12 cm
PR (25 – x) cm = 25 – 12 = 13 cm
PQ = 5 cm
𝑄𝑅 12 𝑃𝑄 5 𝑄𝑅 12
∴ sin 𝑃 = = , Cos P = = ; tan 𝑃 = =
𝑃𝑅 13 𝑃𝑅 13 𝑃𝑄 5

𝟏
Que 2. In triangle ABC, right-angled at B, if tan 𝑨 = , find the value of:
√𝟑
(i) sin A cos C + cos A sin C (ii) cos A cos C – sin A sin C.

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

Sol. We have a right-angled ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 in which ∠𝐵 = 90°.

1

om
And, tan A =
√3

.c
1 𝐵𝐶
Now, tan 𝐴 = =

ns
√3 𝐴𝐵

tio
Let BC = k and AB = √3 𝑘
∴ By Pythagoras Theorem, we have
lu
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
so

2
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 2 = (√3𝑘) + (𝑘 )2 = 3𝑘 2 + 𝑘 2
k
oo

⇒ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 4𝑘 2 ∴ 𝐴𝐶 = 2𝑘
rtb

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑘 1 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 √3𝑘 √3

Now, sin 𝐴 = = = ; cos 𝐴 = = =
ce

𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 2𝑘 2 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 2𝑘 2
.n

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 √3𝑘 √3 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑘 1

𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶 = = = , cos 𝐶 = = =
w

𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 2𝑘 2 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 2𝑘 2
w

1 1 √3 √3 1 3 4
(i) sin 𝐴 . cos 𝐶 + cos 𝐴. sin 𝐶 = × + × = + = = 1.
w

2 2 2 2 4 4 4
//
s:

√3 1 1 √3 √3 √3
tp

(ii) cos 𝐴. cos 𝐶 − sin 𝐴. sin 𝐶 = × − × = − = 0.

2 2 2 2 4 4
ht

𝟕 (𝟏+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽)(𝟏−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽)
Que 3. If cot 𝜽 = , evaluate: (i) , (ii) cot2𝜽.
𝟖 (𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽)(𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽)

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

Sol. Let us draw a right triangle ABC in which ∠𝐵 = 90° and ∠𝑐 = 𝜃.

7 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐵𝐶
We have, cot 𝜃 = = = (given)
8 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐴𝐵

Let BC = 7k and AB = 8k
Therefore, by Pythagoras Theorem
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = (8𝑘)2 + (7𝑘)2 = 64𝑘 2 + 49𝑘 2
𝐴𝐶 2 = 113𝑘 2 ∴ 𝐴𝐶 = √113𝑘
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐴𝐵 8𝑘 8
∴ sin 𝜃 = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 √113𝑘 √113
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐵𝐶 7 7
And cos 𝜃 = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 √113𝑘 √113

8 2
(1+sin 𝜃)(1−sin 𝜃) 1−sin2 𝜃 1−( )
√113
(i) = = 2

om
(1+cos 𝜃)(1−cos 𝜃) 1−cos2 𝜃 1−(
7
)
√113

.c
64 113−64
1−113 49

ns
113
= 49 = 113−49 = .
64
tio
1−113 113
lu
Alternate method:
so

(1+sin 𝜃)(1−sin 𝜃) 1−sin2 𝜃 7 2 49

= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = ( ) =
k

=
oo

(1+ cos 𝜃)(1− cos 𝜃) 1− cos2 𝜃 8 64

rtb

7 2 49
(ii) 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = ( ) = .
ce

8 64
.n

𝟏−𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝑨
Que 4. If 3 cot A = 4, check whether = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝑨 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝑨 or not.
w

𝟏+𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝑨
w
w
//
s:
tp
ht

Sol. Let us consider a right triangle ABC in which ∠𝐵 = 90°.

𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐵 4
Now, 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴 = = =
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐵𝐶 3

Let AB = 4k and BC = 3k
∴ By Pythagoras Theorem
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

⇒ 𝐴𝐶 2 = (4𝑘)2 + (3𝑘)2 = 16𝑘 2 + 9𝑘 2

𝐴𝐶 2 = 25𝑘 2
∴ 𝐴𝐶 = 5𝑘
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐵𝐶 3𝑘 3
Therefore, tan 𝐴 = = = =
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐵 4𝑘 4
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐵𝐶 3𝑘 3
And, sin 𝐴 = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 5𝑘 5

𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐵 4𝑘 4
cos 𝐴 = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 5𝑘 5

1−tan2 𝐴
Now, LHS =
1+tan2 𝐴

3 2 9
1−(4) 1−16 16−9 7
= = = =

om
3 2 9
1+16 16+9 25
1+(4)

.c
4 2 3 2

ns
16 9 7
𝑅𝐻𝑆 = cos 2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴 = (5) − (5) = − 25 − 25
25

1− tan2 𝐴
= cos 2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴. tio
lu
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒,
1+ tan2 𝐴
so

Que 5. Write all the other trigonometric ratios of ∠𝑨 in terms of sec A.

k
oo
rtb
ce
.n
w
w
// w
s:
tp
ht

Sol. Let us consider a right-angled ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, in which ∠𝐵 = 90°.

For ∠𝐴, we have
Base = AB, Perpendicular = BC and Hypotenuse = AC
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶
∴ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 = =
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐵
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 𝐴𝐶
⇒ = ⇒ AC = AB sec A
1 𝐴𝐵
Let AB = K and AC = k sec A
∴ By Pythagoras Theorem, we have

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 ⇒ 𝑘 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 = 𝑘 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
∴ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝑘 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 − 𝑘 2 ⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑘√𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 − 1

𝐵𝐶 𝑘 √𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 − 1 √𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 − 1
∴ sin 𝐴 = = =
𝐴𝐶 𝑘 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴
𝐴𝐵 𝑘 1
cos 𝐴 = = =
𝐴𝐶 𝑘 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴

𝐵𝐶 𝑘√𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴−1
tan 𝐴 = = = √𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 − 1
𝐴𝐵 𝑘
1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴 = =
tan 𝐴 √𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴−1
𝐴𝐶 𝑘 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴
cos𝑒𝑐 𝐴 = = = .
𝐵𝐶 𝑘 √𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴−1 √𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴−1

om
𝟏+ 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝑨 𝟏− 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑨 𝟐
Que 6. Prove that: ( ) = ( ) = 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝑨.

.c
𝟏+ 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝑨 𝟏− 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝑨

ns
1+ tan2 𝐴 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴
Sol. LHS = ( ) =
1+ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝐴 cos𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴
tio
lu
1
sin2 𝐴
so

cos2 𝐴
= 1 = = tan2 𝐴
cos2 𝐴
k

sin2 𝐴
oo

2
rtb

1− tan 𝐴 2 1− tan 𝐴
𝑅𝐻𝑆 = ( ) = ( 1 )
ce

1− 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴 1−tan 𝐴
.n

2
2
w

1− tan 𝐴 1−tan 𝐴
= ( ) = ( × tan 𝐴) = (−tan 𝐴)2 = tan2 𝐴
w

tan 𝐴−1
tan 𝐴−1
tan 𝐴
// w

LHS = RHS.
s:
tp

𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝑩−𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝑨−𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝑩

Que 7. Prove that: tan2 A – tan2 B = = .
ht

𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝑩 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝑨𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝑩

sin2 𝐴 sin2 𝐵
Sol. LHS = tan2 𝐴 − tan2 𝐵 = −
cos2 cos2 𝐵
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐵−cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐵 (1−cos2 𝐴)cos2 𝐴 (1−cos2 𝐵)
= =
cos2 𝐴 cos2 𝐵 cos2 𝐴 cos2 𝐵

cos2 𝐵−cos2 𝐴 cos2 𝐵−cos2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴 cos2 𝐵 cos2 𝐵−cos2 𝐴

= =
cos2 𝐴 cos2 𝐵 cos2 𝐴 cos2 𝐵
cos2 𝐵−cos2 𝐴 (1−sin2 𝐵)−(1−sin2 𝐴)
Also =
cos2 𝐴 cos2 𝐵 cos2 𝐴cos2 𝐵
sin2 𝐴−sin2 𝐵
= = 𝑅𝐻𝑆.
cos2 𝐴 cos2 𝐵

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)

𝐭𝐚𝐧𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽
Que 1. Prove that: + = 𝟏 + 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒆𝒄𝜽 = 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽.
𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽 𝟏−𝐭𝐚𝐧𝜽
sin𝜃 cos𝜃
tan𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 cos𝜃 sin𝜃
Sol. LHS = + = cos𝜃 + sin𝜃
1−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 1−tan𝜃 1− sin𝜃 1−cos𝜃

sin𝜃×sin𝜃 cos𝜃 cos𝜃

= + × (cos𝜃−sin𝜃)
cos𝜃 (sin𝜃−cos𝜃) sin𝜃

sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
= +
cos𝜃(sin𝜃−cos𝜃) sin𝜃{−(sin𝜃−cos𝜃)}

sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 sin3 𝜃−cos3 𝜃

= − =
cos𝜃(sin𝜃−cos𝜃) sin𝜃(sin𝜃−cos𝜃) cos𝜃(sin𝜃−cos𝜃)sin𝜃

om
(sin𝜃−cos𝜃)(sin2 𝜃+cos2 𝜃+sin𝜃 cos𝜃) 1+sin𝜃 cos𝜃

.c
= =
cos𝜃 sin𝜃 (sin𝜃−cos𝜃)

ns
sin𝜃cos𝜃

tio
1 sin𝜃cos𝜃 1 1
= + = . +1 …..(i)
lu
sin𝜃 cos𝜃 sin𝜃cos𝜃 sin𝜃 cos𝜃
so

= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 cos𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 1 ……(ii)

k
oo

For second part

rtb

Now from (i), we have

1
= +1 [Putting 1 = sin2 𝜃 + cos2𝜃]
ce

LHS
sin𝜃 cos𝜃
.n

sin2 𝜃+cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃

w

= +1 = + +1
sin𝜃 cos𝜃 sin𝜃 cos𝜃 cos𝜃 sin𝜃
w
w

sin𝜃 cos𝜃
= + + 1 = tan𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 + 1
//

cos𝜃 sin𝜃
s:

𝒎𝟐 −𝟏
tp

Que 2. If tan A = n tan B and sin A = m sin B, prove that cos2 𝑨 = .

𝒏𝟐−𝟏
ht

Sol. We have to find cos2 A in terms of m and n. This means that the angle B is to be
eliminated from the given relations.
Now, tan A = n tan B
1 𝑛
⇒ tan 𝐵 = 𝑛 tan 𝐴 ⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐵 =
tan 𝐴

And sin 𝐴 = 𝑚 sin 𝐵

1 𝑚
⇒ sin 𝐵 = 𝑚 sin 𝐴 ⇒ cos𝑒𝑐 𝐵 =
sin 𝐴

Substituting the value of cot B and cosec B in cosec2 B – cot2 B = 1, we get

𝑚2 𝑛2 𝑚2 𝑛2 cos2 𝐴
− =1 ⇒ − =1
sin2 𝐴 tan2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

𝑚2 −𝑛2 cos2 𝐴 𝑚2 𝑛2 cos2 𝐴

⇒ =1 ⇒ − =1
sin2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
𝑚2 −𝑛2 cos2 𝐴
⇒ =1 ⇒ 𝑚2 − 𝑛2 cos 2 𝐴 = sin2 𝐴
sin2 𝐴

⇒ 𝑚2 − 𝑛2 cos 2 𝐴 = 1 − cos 2 𝐴 ⇒ 𝑚2 − 1 = 𝑛2 cos 2 𝐴 − cos 2 𝐴

𝑚2 −1
⇒ 𝑚2 − 1 = (𝑛2 − 1) cos 2 𝐴 ⇒ = cos 2 𝐴.
𝑛2 −1

Que 3. Prove the following identity, where the angle involved is acute angle for which
the expressions are defined.
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨+𝟏
= 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒆𝒄 𝑨 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝑨,
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 −𝟏

Using the identity cosec2 A = 1 + cot2 A.

om
cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴+1 sin𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴−1+cos𝑒𝑐 𝐴
Sol. LHS = = cos𝐴+sin𝐴−1 =
cos 𝐴+sin 𝐴−1 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴+1−cos𝑒𝑐 𝐴

.c
sin𝐴

ns
(𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴+cos𝑒𝑐 𝐴)−(cos𝑒𝑐 2 −𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝐴)
= [∵ cos𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝐴 = 1]
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴−cos𝑒𝑐 𝐴+1
tio
lu
(𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴+cos𝑒𝑐 𝐴)−[(cos𝑒𝑐 𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴)(cos𝑒𝑐 𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴)]
so

=
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴−cos𝑒𝑐 𝐴+1
k
oo

(cos𝑒𝑐 𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴)(1−cos𝑒𝑐 𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴)

=
(𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴−cos𝑒𝑐 𝐴+1)
rtb
ce

= cosec A + cot A = RHS.

.n

Que 4. If x sin3 𝜽 + 𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 and sin𝜽 = y cos𝜽, prove x2 + y2 = 1.

w
w

Sol. We have, 𝑥 sin3 𝜃 + 𝑦 cos 3 𝜃 = sin𝜃 cos𝜃

w

⇒ (𝑥 sin𝜃)sin2 𝜃 + (𝑦 cos𝜃)cos 2 𝜃 = sin𝜃 cos𝜃

//

⇒ 𝑥 sin𝜃 (sin2 𝜃) + (𝑥 sin𝜃)cos 2 𝜃 = sin𝜃 cos𝜃 [∵ 𝑥 sin𝜃 = 𝑦 cos𝜃]

s:

⇒ 𝑥 sin𝜃 (sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃) = sin𝜃 cos𝜃

tp

⇒ 𝑥 sin𝜃 = sin𝜃 cos𝜃 ⇒ 𝑥 = cos𝜗

ht

Now, we have 𝑥 sin 𝜃 = y cos 𝜃

⇒ cos𝜃 sin𝜃 = 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 [∵ 𝑥 = cos𝜃]
⇒ y = sin𝜃
Hence, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = cos 2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 = 1.
2 2

Que 5. If tan𝜽 + sin𝜽 = m and tan𝜽 – sin𝜽 = n, show that (m2 – n2) = 4 √𝒎𝒏.
Sol. we have given tan𝜃 + sin𝜃 = m, and tan𝜃 – sin𝜃 = n, then

LHS = (m2 – n2) = (tan𝜃 + sin𝜃) 2– (tan𝜃 – sin𝜃) 2

= tan2𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 + 2 tan𝜃 sin𝜃 – tan2𝜃 – sin2 𝜃 + 2 tan𝜃 sin𝜃

= 4 tan𝜃 sin𝜃 = 4√tan2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

om
.c
ns
tio
lu
so

sin2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
= 4√ (1 − cos 2 𝜃) = 4√ − sin2 𝜃
k

cos2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
oo
rtb

= 4√tan2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃 = 4√(tan𝜃 − sin𝜃)(tan𝜃 + sin𝜃) = 4√𝑚𝑛 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆

ce
.n
w
w
// w
s:
tp
ht

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

Value Based Questions

Que 1. A circus artist is climbing from the ground along a rope stretched from the top
of a vertical pole and tied at the ground. The height of the pole is 10 m and angle made
by the top with ground level is 60 °.
(i) Calculate the distance covered by the artist in climbing to the top of the pole.
(ii) Which mathematical concept is used in this problem?
(iii) What is its value?
Sol. (i) Clearly distance covered by the artist is equal to the length of the rope AC.
Let AB be the vertical pole of height 10 m.
It is given that ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 60°
Thus, in right angled ∆ABC.
𝐴𝐵 √3 10

om
sin 60° = ⇒ =
𝐴𝐶 2 𝐴𝐶

.c
10×2 20 20√3
𝐴𝐶 = = = 𝑚.

ns
√3 √3 3

Hence, distance covered by artist is

20√3
𝑚. tio
lu
3
so

(ii) Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of right angled triangle.

k

(iii) Single mindedness help us to gain success in life.

oo

Que 2. A tree is broken by the wind. The top struck the ground at an angle of 45° and at
rtb

a distance of 30 m from the root.

ce

(i) Find whole height of the tree.

.n

(ii) Which mathematical concept is used in this problem?

w

(iii) Which value is being emphasised here?

w
// w
s:
tp
ht

Sol. (i) Let AB be the tree broken at C, such that the broken part CB takes the position CO
and strikes the ground at O.
It is given that OA = 30 m and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 45°

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

Let AC = x and CB = y, then CO y

In ∆OAC, we have,
𝐴𝐶 𝑥
tan 45° = ⇒ 1= ⇒ 𝑥 = 30
𝑂𝐴 30

Again in ∆OAC, we have

𝑂𝐴 1 30
cos 45° = ⇒ = ⇒ 𝑦 = 30√2
𝑂𝐶 √2 𝑦

Height of the tree = (x + y)

= 30 + 30√2 = 30(1 + √2)
= 30(1 + 1.414) = 30 × 2.414 = 72.42 𝑚
(ii) Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of right angled triangle.
(iii) Decreasing tree leads to deforestation which ultimately give birth to various problems.
Que 3. A person standing on the bank of a river observes that the angle of elevation of

om
the top of a building of an organisation working for conservation of wild life, standing
on the opposite bank is 60°. When he moves 40 metres away from the bank, he finds the

.c
angle of elevation to be 30°. Find the height of the building and the width of the river.

ns
(a) Why do we need to conserve wild life?
(b) Suggest some steps that can be taken to conserve wild life.
tio
lu
so
Sol. Let AB be the building of height h metres standing on the bank of a river. Let C be the
position of man standing on the opposite bank of the river such that BC = x m. Let D be the
k
oo

new position of the man. It is given that CD = 40 m and the angles of elevation of the top of
the building at C and D are 60° and 30° respectively, i.e., ∠ACB 60° and ∠ADB 30°.
rtb
ce
.n
w
w
// w
s:
tp
ht

In ∆ACB, we have
𝐴𝐵 ℎ
tan 60° = 𝐵𝐶 ⇒ tan 60° = 𝑥

ℎ ℎ
⇒ √3 = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥= …(i)
√3

In ∆𝐴𝐷𝐵, we have
𝐴𝐵 1 ℎ
tan 30° = ⇒ =
𝐵𝐷 √3 𝑥 + 40

⇒ √3ℎ = 𝑥 + 40 …(ii)

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

ℎ
Substituting x = in equation (ii), we get
√3
ℎ ℎ
√3ℎ = 3
+ 40 ⇒ √3ℎ − = 40
√ √3

3ℎ−ℎ 2ℎ
⇒ = 40 ⇒ = 40
√3 √3

40×√3
⇒ ℎ= ⇒ ℎ = 20√3 = 20 × 1.732 = 34.64 𝑚
2

20√3
Substituting h in equation (i), we get x = = 20 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠.
√3

Hence, the height of the building is 34.64 m and width of the river is 20 m.
(a) Wild life is a part of our environment and conservation of each of its element is important
for ecological balance.
(b) Ban on hunting, providing wild animals a healthy environment.

om
Que 4. The angle of elevation of the top of a chimney from the foot of a tower is 60° and

.c
the angle of depression of the foot of the chimney from the top of the tower is 30°. If the

ns
height of the tower is 40 m, find the height of the chimney. According to pollution
tio
control norms, the minimum height of a smoke emitting chimney should be 100 m. State
lu
if the height of the above mentioned chimney meets the pollution norms. What value is
so

discussed in this question?

k
oo
rtb
ce
.n
w
w
// w
s:
tp

Sol. Let the height of the chimney AB be h. Height of tower CD = 40 m.

ht

The distance between the tower and chimney be d.

In ∆𝐵𝐶𝐷
𝐶𝐷
tan 30° =
𝐵𝐶
1 40
= ⇒ 𝑑 = 40√3
√3 𝑑

In ∆BCD
𝐴𝐵
tan 60° =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
√3 = 40 ⇒ ℎ = 40√3 × √3
√3

⇒ ℎ = 120 𝑚.

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

 Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/

om
.c
ns
tio
lu
The height of the chimney is 120 m which is more than the minimum requirement to meet the
so

pollution norms.
k

The values discussed here are:

oo

(i) Environmental awareness

rtb

(ii) Social concern

(iii) Abiding the laws.
ce
.n
w
w
//w
s:
tp
ht

Downloaded from https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com/