11

Practice Paper -3 (SOLUTION)

CLASS: XII
Session: 2022-23
SUBJECT : PHYSICS

SECTION – A

1. (d) [1]
Sol. d
Q q Q
A d/2 B C
Net fore on Q at A
ur ur ur
F A = F AB + F AC = 0
So, FAB = FAC
KQq KQQ
2
= 2
ædö d
ç ÷
è2ø
Q
So, q=
4
q must be negative
Q
So q= -
4
2. (c) [1]
3. (a) [1]
4. (c) [1]
mI
Sol. B = 0 is same for both coils but in opposite direction, So Bnet = 0
2r
5. (c) [1]
6. (b) [1]
Sol. c m + 1 = m r
So, mr = 500
m
mr =
m0
= 500 × 4p × 10–7
m = 2p × 10–4
7. (d) [1]
8. (c) [1]
9. (d) [1]
-df -d ( 2
Sol. e = = 10t - 50t + 250 )
dt dt
e = –20t + 50 = –20(3) + 50 = –10V
2

10. (c) [1]

11. (a) [1]
hc 12400ÅeV
Sol. E= = = 6.2eV
l 2000
Kmax = E – W0 = 6.20 – 4.21 = 1.99 = 2eV
So stopping potential = 2V
12. (c) [1]
13. (d) [1]
14. (a) [1]
15. (b) [1]
Sol. Electric Potential inside the sphere is same as on the surface.
16. A is true but R is false [1]
17. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. [1]
18. Both A and R are false [1]
SECTION – B
19. (a) Radio waves, micro waves, uv rays, x-ray, gamma ray. [1]
(b) micro wave [1]
20. Paramagnetic, [1]
Properties : cm
(i) cm ® small, positive & varies inversely with temp.
1 T
cm µ (Curie law)
T
(ii) 2 > µr > 0 (µ > µ0) [1]
rn µ n 2
21.
r2/r1 = 4
r2 = 2.12 × 10–10 m [2]
(OR)
Kinetic energy = negative of total energy.
K.E = –T.E. = –(–13.6eV) = 13.6 eV [1]
Potential energy = 2(T.E.) = 2 (–13.6eV) = –27.2eV [1]
1 æ 1 1 ö
22. = ( n 21 - 1) ç - ÷ [½]
f è R1 R 2 ø
1 æ1 1 ö
= (1.55 - 1) ç - ÷ [½]
20 è R -R ø
R = 22cm [2]
23. For diffraction minimum, sin q = nλ/d
For diffraction maximum, sin q = (2n+1)λ/2d
l = 2/3 × 660 = 440 nm [2]
 33

-q
24. Surface charge density on the inner surface = [1]
4pr12
Q+q
Surface charge density on outer surface = [1]
4 pr22
25. (a) E = σ/2e0 – (–σ/2e0) = σ/e0 [1]
(b) It states that electric flux through any closed surface is always equal to 1/e0 times to the
enclosed charge by Gaussian surface. [1]
fE = Sq/e0

SECTION C

26. Magnetic field on axis of a current carrying loop :-

Let current I is flowing through a loop of radius R.
r r
We want to find magnetic field at an axial point P. The angle between each element d l and r is
q = 90°.
Using Biot-savart's law - dBcosf ®
ur m I r dB
dB = 0 2 d l ´ rˆ
4pr
( ) dl 90°
r f
R dBsinf
x f
mI f P
dB = 0 2 dl sin 90° O dBsinf
4pr r f
®
m I dl dB
dB =0 2 dl dBcosf [1]
4 pr
It is clear that the magnetic field developed at point 'P' due to symmetrical elements each of
length dl have equal magnitude. The equatorial components (dBcosf) due to both elements get

cancelled while axial components (dBsinf) get added. In this way the net magnetic field is only
because of axial component dBsinf.
Magnetic field developed at 'P' due to whole circular loop is given by -
ì From figure
2 pR
m 0 Idl
2 pR
m0 IR 2 pR ï
Baxis =ò dBsin f Þ Baxis =ò0 4pr 2 sin f Þ Baxis = 4pr3 ò0 dl ísin f = R / r
0 ï r = (R 2 + x 2 )1/2
î
m 0 IR m 0 IR 2 B
Baxis = ( 2 pR - 0 ) Þ Baxis =
4 pr 3 2r 3
m IR 2
Baxis = 0 [1]
( )
3/ 2
2 R2 + x2 –x x
x= –R/2 x=0 x= +R/2
If the coil have N turns then
m NIR 2
Baxis = 0 [1]
( )
3/ 2
2 R2 + x2
The direction of magnetic field can be obtained by right hand thumb rule.
4

27. Mutual inductance numerically equal to the magnetic flux linked with one coil when a unit
Nf
current flows through the other coil. M=
I
Mutual inductance between two solenoids [1]
m NNA
M =0 1 2
l
Mutual Inductance of two coaxial solenoids :
When a current I1 is passed through the
(N1, S1)
solenoid S1, then flux linked with coil S2.
N2 f2 = M21 I1 ….. r2 r1
(N2 f2) = M21 I1
(n 2 l )(B1A) = M 21 I1 l
(N2, S2)
(n 2 l)(µ 0 n1I1 ´ A) =
M 21I1

µ 0 n1n 2 Al …….(1)
M 21 = M21 = Mutual inductance of S2 w.r.t. S1

Note : For calculating M smaller value of area of cross section should be taken.
When current I2 is passed through S2, then magnetic flux linked with solenoid S1
N1f1 =
M12 I 2 Þ (n1l )(B2 A) =M12 I 2 Þ (n1l)(µ 0 n 2 I 2 ´ A) = M12 I 2

µ 0 n1n 2 Al …..(2)
M12 = M12 Þ Mutual inductance of S1 w.r.t. S2

From equation (1) and (2)

M 21 =
M12 =
M Þ M = µ 0 n1n 2 A l

In medium M = µ 0 µ r n1n 2 Al [2]

XL 1
28. (i) L = = ´ slope of the graph = 3.18 × 10 Hz
–3
[2]
2pf 2 p
(ii) Z = (R2 + XL2)1/2 = 10 ohm [1]
OR
C

V = V0 sinw t

Q V = q/c

\ V0sinwt = q/c
Q i = dq/dt
 Ò
55

d
i = (V0 csin wt) = wcV0.coswt
dt
i = i0sin(wt + p/2) [2]
V
i0 = 0
1 / wc
1
is called capacitive reactance and is denoted by Xc.
wc
1
XC =
wc
V
i0 = 0
xc
Phase difference = p/2

V V0 V,I V=V0 sin wt

I0 I I=I0 sin(wt+p/2)
wt p/2
wt O T/4 T/2 3T/4 T
O time

[1]
29. (i) Intensity, frequency [1]
(ii) (a) λ0 = hc/f0 = 12400 Å eV/ 2eV = 6200 Å = 6.2 × 10–7 m [1]
(b) Kmax = E – W0
hC 12400ÅeV
= – W0 Þ -2
l 5000Å
= 2.48 – 2
Kmax = 0.48 eV
So stopping potential = 0.48 V [1]
(OR)

A B
(V0)
stopping ( nO A > nO B )
(i) potential [1]
O
frequency (n) ®

h
(ii) V0 = (v – v0) ; So, V0 is more for B [1]
e
h
(iii) Slope = ; So, it does not depend on the material [1]
e
6

30. En = –13.6/n2
E4 – E1 = 12.75eV [1]
hc 12400ÅeV
λ= = = 0.97 × 10–7 m [1]
E 4 - E1 12.75
v = c/ λ = 3.07 × 1015 Hz [1]

SECTION D

31. (a) Making a region free from electric field. It is based on the fact that electric field vanishes
inside the cavity of a hollow conductor. [1]
Application :
(i) Elevators operate as such an unintentional faraday cage.
(ii) Shielding signals from smartphones as well as radios. [1]
(b) (i) V0 = E0 × d = 3 × 104 × 0.05 = 1500 V [1]
4
(ii) V = E0(d – t) = 3 × 10 (0.05 – 0.01) = 1200 V [1]
3 ´ 10 4
(iii) E0(d – t) + (E0/K) t = 3 × 104 (0.05 – 0.01) + × 0.01 = 1350 V [1]
2
(OR)
é 20 ´10 -6 4 ´ 10 -6 ù
(a) (i) V= k ê - ú= 0
ë x 50 - x û

x = 41 cm [1]
1 q1q 2
(ii) U= = -1.44J [1]
4 pe0 r
(b) Electric Field due to uniformly charged infinite plane sheet of charge :
Let infinite sheet of charge has surface charge density s. The electric field at a point due to
charged plane sheet is directed perpendicular to the sheet.

+
+ + dA dEsin q
+ ®
s + + dE (Cylindrical +
+
+ + + dA+ S1
+x + r
E
dEcosq gaussian surface) + E
+ + q q + S2 +
dA
+O +
+
+ + q P q dEcosq +
+
+ P
+x + ® S3 + + r
+ + dE dA +
+ + + r +
+
dA + dEsin q E
+
+
+
+ + + +
+
[1]
Assuming a cylindrical Gaussian surface of length 2r and area of cross section A to find
electric field at point P.
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From Gauss's law -

Sq
Ñò EdA cos q =e 0

ì
sA ï
òS EdA cos 0° + Sò EdA cos 90° + Sò EdA cos 0° =e0 íïSq =sA [1]
1 2 3
î
sA
E ò dA + 0 + E ò dA =
S1 S3
e0

sA s
EA + EA = Þ E = [1]
e0 2e0
32. (a) Relaxation time: The average time taken by the electrons between two successive
collisions. [1]
Drift velocity is defined as the average velocity with which free electrons in a conductor
get drifted in a direction opposite to the direction of the applied electric field.
When conductor is subjected to an electric field E, each electron experience a force.
r r
F =-eE
and acquires an acceleration
r r
F -eE
a= = .....(i)
m m
Here m = mass of electron, e = charge, E = electric field.
The average time difference between two consecutive collisions is known as relaxation
time of electron.
t + t + ...... + tn
t =1 2 .....(ii)
n
As v = u + at (from equations of motion)
The drift velocity Vd is defined as –
r r r
r v1 + v2 + .... + v n
vd =
n
r r r
r
vd =
( u1 + u 2 + .... + u n ) + a ( t1 + t2 + .... + tn )
n
r a ( t1 + t2 + .... + tn )
vd =0 +
n
(Q average thermal velocity = 0)
r
\ vd = 0 + at
r
r æ eE ö r æ et ö
vd = - ç ÷ t Þ Vd = ç ÷ E [2]
èmø èmø
8

(b) Let the current in galvanometer be Ig and resistance of galvanometer is Rg.

Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law in loop ABDA- B
(I1 –Ig)
–I1R1 – IgRg + I2R3 = 0 ……(1) R1
R2
Apply KVL in loop BCDB - I1 Ig
A C
–(I1 - Ig)R2 + (I2 + Ig)R4 + IgRg = 0 ……(2) Rg G
I2 K2
In balanced Wheat Stone Bridge (Ig = 0)
R3 R4
From eq. (1) & (2) ( I2 + I
I D g ) I
I1R1 = I2 R3 ……(3)
I1R2 = I2R4 ……(4)
eq. (3) (4)
+ – K1
R1 R 3 E
=
R2 R 4
This is the condition of balanced Wheat Stone Bridge. [2]
(OR)
(a) (i) Internal Resistance (r) The opposition of flow of current inside the cell. It depends on
· Distance between electrodes ­ Þ r­
· Area of electrodes ­ Þ r¯
· Concentration of electrolyte ­ Þ r­
· Temperature ­ Þ r¯ [1]
(ii) According to ohm's law the current in the circuit is given by
v
k
+ – (·)
r

R
E
I= ..... (1)
R+r
According to the definition of terminal voltage, it is the potential difference between two
poles when current is being drawn from the cell. The terminal voltage V is less then emf E
of the cell.
i.e. V = E – Ir ..... (2)
If no current is drawn from the cell, i.e. I = 0, then from eq (1) we have V = E – 0(r) = E
Also terminal voltage is equal to potential drop across external resistance
V = IR ..... (3)
 99

Comparing eq. (1) and (2) we have

E-V V
=
r R
æ E ö
V =ç ÷R
èR+rø
E
or R+r= R
V
æE ö
or =
r ç - 1÷ R
èV ø

or E = V + Ir [1]
E1 r1 E2 r2

¬¾V1 ¾® ¬¾V2¾®
(b)

R I
We know that
E = V + Ir
V = E – Ir …(1)
Terminal voltage across I cell :
V1 = E1 – Ir1 …(2)
Across II cell :-
V2 = E2 – Ir2 …(3)
So total terminal voltage
V = V1 + V2
V = (E1 + E2) – I (r1 + r2)
If we use a single cell of emf Eeq. & internal resistance req. in place of both cells.
V = Eeq. – I req. …(5)
By equation (4) & (5) Eeq. req.
Eeq. – I req. = (E1 + E2) – (r1 + r2)
So, Eeq. = E1 + E2
req. = r1 + r2
E eq.
So, I= R
req. + R

E1 + E 2
I= [2]
r1 + r2 + R
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33. (a) (i) Every point on a primary wave front acts as a fresh source of wavelets. These wavelets
are called secondary wavelets.
(ii) The secondary wavelets spread in all directions with a speed of light.
(iii) The surface which touches these wavelets at any instant in forward direction gives the
new wave front called secondary wave front. [1]
(b) Locus of all the particles which are in same phase of vibration at a given instant is called
wave front. [1]
(c) Compound microscope : Figure shows ray diagram of a compound microscope. It consists
of two convex lenses one nearer to object is known as objective and other close the eye is
eyepiece lens. Here objective lens is of small focal length (f0) and small aperture whereas
eyepiece is also a small focal length but larger than objective lens and relatively large
aperture.
L Le

Lo fe
A vo
Object ue
Fe B' Fe
B Fo B" o1 Fo O2
fe
uo
A'

A"
Ve = D

B
D

The image A' B' formed by the objective lens L0 of object AB and Final image is A"B".
Magnification power (M)
Angle subtended by final image at eye
=
Angle subtended by the object when it is placed at the least distance of distinct vision
b ìif a and b are very small, then
M= í
a îa » tan a and b » tan b
tan b
M=
tan a
æ A"B" ö
ç D ÷ A"B"
M=è øÞM=
æ AB ö AB
ç D ÷
è ø
 11
11

ì v0
A"B" A ' B' ïm 0 = u
ï
M= ´ ÞM=
me ´ mo í
0

A' B' AB ïm = v e
ïî e u e

v v
M =o ´ e ...(1)
uo ue
Applying lens formula for eyepiece -
1 1 1 ì ve Þ - D
= - í
fe v e ue î ue Þ - ue
1 1 1 D D
=- + Þ = -1 +
fe D ue fe ue
D D
=+
1 ....(2)
ue fe
(i) When final image is formed at least distance of distinct vision (ve=D)
v D
M =o ´
uo ue

v æ Dö
M =o ç 1 + ÷ ....(3)
u o è fe ø
(ii) When final image is formed at infinity (ue=fe)
v D
M =o ´ ....(4) [3]
uo fe
OR

(a) Interference Diffraction

1. It is a result of superposition It is result of superposition
between secondary wavelets between secondary wavelets
coming from two coherent sources. coming from different parts of
same source.
Central
Secondary maxima I0
2. maximum
Second
First minimum
Second First minimum
I0/22 I0/61

3l 2l l O l 2l 3l
–— –— – — — — —
a a a a a a Sinq

3. All bright fringes are of same These are of varying width and varying
width and same intensity. intensity.

4. A large number of interference Only a few diffraction bands are seen.

fringes are observable.

[2]
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(b) Refracting telescope :

Lo(Objective lens)
ue Le (eyepiece)
f0 =V0
fe
Fo Fe F0
B" o1 B' o2 Fe
A'

A" Ve = D
Refracting type telescope consists of an objective lens of large aperture and large focal
length whereas eyepiece is of small aperture and small focal length.
Magnifying Power : It is the ratio of visual angle subtended by final image at eye to the
visual angle subtended by an object.
b ìif a and b are very small
M= í
a îa » tana and b » tanb
æ A ' B' ö
ç ÷
tan b è O 2 B' ø O B' f
M= ÞM= Þ M =1 Þ M= 0 ...(i)
tan a æ A ' B' ö O 2 B' ue
ç ÷
è O1 B' ø
(i) When final image is formed at least distance of distinct vision (Ve = D)-
Applying lens formula for eyepiece :
1 1 1 ìapplying sign convention
= - ív = -D, u = -u
fe v e ue î e e e

1 1 1 1 1 1
=- + Þ = +
fe D ue u e fe D
Hence magnification power from eq. (i)

é1 1ù fo æ fe ö
M =f0 ê + ú Þ ç1 + ÷
ë fe D û fe è D ø

(ii) When final image is formed at infinity (ue = fe)

From eq. (i) &

f
M =0
fe

Drawbacks of refracting telescope :

(1) Defect of chromatic aberration occurs in refracting type telescope.
(2) It has small resolving power. [3]
 13
13

SECTION E
34. CASE STUDY
(i) Since its critical angle with reference to air is very small. [1]
1
(ii) µ= = cos eci c = cos ec24.4º= 2.42 [1]
sin ic

(iii) · Angle of incidence must be greater than critical angle.

· Ray should travel from denser to rarer medium. [2]
OR
(iii) Optical fibre, [1]
Use : Endoscopy [1]
35. (i) Nearly 0.75 eV [1]
(ii) [1]
EC EC
Electron energy

Electron energy

Eg Eg

EV EV

(a) (b)
(a) An intrinsic semiconductor (b) At T > 0 K, four thermally
at T = 0 K behaves like insulator. generated electron-hole pairs.
The filled circles ( ) represent
electrons and empty fields
( ) represent holes.

(iii) Energy gap will be least for Ge, followed by Si and highest for carbon. [1]
Hence number of free electrons is negligible in carbon. [1]
(OR)
(iii) · As, Sb, P (any one) [1]
· Ga, In, Al (any one) [1]