ROBOTICS 1

COMPUTER ACRONYM
C – Commonly
O – Operator
M – Machine
P – Particular
U – User
T – Trade
E – Education
R - Research
 USES OF COMPUTER
• Word Processing
• Internet Browsing
• Internet communications
• Education
• Gaming
• Business
• Entertainment
• Sending & Receiving Emails
• Form fill up
• Edit Photos & Videos
 COMPUTER
 Is an electronic device
for storing, retrieving
and processing data
according to a set of
instructions.
It can store data in
HUMAN discrete units.
COMPUTER It performs arithmetical
and logical operation at
very high speed.
Essential Parts of the
Computer System
 HARDWARE
• It is any part
of your
computer that
has a physical
structure.
 SOFTWARE
• It is any set of
instructions
that tells the
hardware
what to do
COMPUTER
HARDWARE
 DESKTOP COMPUTER
• Are designed for use
at a desk of table.
They are typically
larger and more
powerful that other
types of personal
computers are made
up of separate
components.
 LAPTOP
• It is battery or AC-
powered personal
computer that are
more portable than
desktop computers,
allowing you to use
them almost
anywhere.
 SERVER
- It is a computer that “serves up”
information to other computers on a
network.
- A server is an example of a computer
program or device that accepts and
responds to requests made by another
program, known as a client.
SERVER
 TABLET
• A tablet, tablet
computer, or
tablet PC is a
mobile
computing device
designed to be
held in one or
two hands.
 SMART PHONE
- Is a cell phone that allows you to
do more than make phone calls
and send text messages.
- Can browse the internet and run
software programs like a
computer.
- Use a touch screen to allow users
to interact with them.
SMART PHONE
TWO MAIN STYLE OF PERSONAL COMPUTER
1. MAC
• - the Macintosh
computer was
introduced in 1984,
and it was the first
widely sold personal
computer with a
Graphical User
Interface (GUI).
TWO MAIN STYLE OF PERSONAL COMPUTER
2. PC (personal
computer)
• this type of
computer began
with the original
IBM PC that was
introduced in
1981.
 What is the
importance of
computer?
 4 Categories of
Computer Hardware
1. Input Devices – is a piece of equipment
used to provide data and control signals
to an information processing system.
Examples:
Keyboards
Mouse
Scanners
Cameras
Microphones
2. Processing Devices – any device
inside a computer that interprets and
manipulates incoming data during this
stage.
Example:
 CPU – Central Processing Unit,
the brain of the computer
3. Output Devices – is any hardware device used
to send data from a computer to another device
or user.
- Usually, most output peripherals are meant for
human use, so they receive the processed data
from the computer and transform it in the form of
audio, video, or physical reproductions.
Example:
 monitor
Projectors
Headphones
speakers
4. Storage Devices – is a piece of hardware that is
primarily used for storing data.
- Every desktop computer, laptop, tablet, and
smartphone will have some kind of storage
device within it.
- There are also standalone, external storage
drives that can you can use across devices.
Example:
 Magnetic disks
 Hard drives
 GROUP ACTIVITY
 Why are categories of computer
hardware is necessary?
GROUP 1 : Input Devices
GROUP 2 : Processing Devices
GROUP 3 : Output Devices
GROUP 4 : Storage Devices
What is the Information Processing Cycle
(IPC)?
- These are the steps that are taken to
convert raw facts, which is data, into
information. It starts with data
collection.
- A computer often holds data, information
and instruction in storage for future use.
- The 4 basic operations of the information
processing cycle are Input, Processing,
Output and Storage (IPOS)
DATA PROCESSING OPERATIONS:
- A data processing procedure normally
consists of a number of basic
processing operations performed in
some order.
- It varies according to whether
manual, mechanical,
electromechanical or electronic
methods are used.
DATA PROCESSING OPERATIONS:
 Recording – refers to the transfer of data
onto some form or document. It relates to
the documentation of intermediate figures
and facts resulting from calculations.
 Verifying – it is important that recorded
data be carefully checked for any errors
 Duplicating – the operation consists in
reproducing the data onto many forms or
documents. It can be manually or by some
machine.
DATA PROCESSING OPERATIONS:
 Classifying – the operation separates data into
various categories. Identifying and arranging
items with like characteristics into group or
classes.
- it is done by predetermined method call
“coding”. Codes may be: numeric, alphabetic or
alphanumeric.
 Sorting – arranging data in a specific order.
After the data classified, it is usually necessary
to arrange or rearrange them in predetermined
sequence to facilitate processing
DATA PROCESSING OPERATIONS:
 Calculating – it is the arithmetic manipulation
of the data. This is a crucial phase of data
manipulation, because the outcome of this
operation becomes part of the output.
 Summarizing and reporting – a collection of
data is condensed or sifted so that the reports
will be clear, concise and effective.
 Merging – This operation takes two or more
sets of data, all sets having been sorted but the
same key and puts them together to form a
single sorted set of data.
DATA PROCESSING OPERATIONS:
 Storing – it is a placing similar data into files for future
reference. It is done through any of the following
methods: manual, Electromechanical, electronic.
 Retrieving – recording stored data and /or
information when needed. Retrieval methods range
from searches made by file clerks to the use of quick-
responding inquiry terminals that are connected to the
computer.
 Feedback – it is the comparison of the output and the
goal set in advance: any discrepancy is analyzed,
corrected and feed back to the proper stage in the
processing operation.
Here are some advantages of a
COMPUTER:
 Generates information at high speed –
the computer can manipulate a huge
amount of data in nanoseconds.
 Process data accurately – a computer is
reliable, it rarely makes errors.
Saves and retrieves information – a
computer can store a large amount of
data through secondary storage devices.
Here are some advantages of a
COMPUTER:
 Perform logical operations – computer
can be a great help in solving complex
problems that requires a certain decisions.
Communicates with other users or with
the machine – a computer can actually
instruct the user how to debug his work.
A certain message is shown on the screen
with the user commits an error and
doesn’t know what to do.
Limitation of COMPUTER:
 Cannot generate information on its
own.
 Inability to derive it own meaning
from objects
 Cannot come up with original
decisions
 Cannot correct wrong instructions
 Subject to occasional breakdown