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Module 1_DC Circuits_Part 2

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3 views

Module 1_DC Circuits_Part 2

Uploaded by

Abhishek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module 1

DC Circuits

M.R.Chakraborty
Department of EE
Outline
1 Electrical circuit and elements (R, L and C)

2 Voltage and current sources

3 Kirchhoff’s laws

4 Analysis of simple circuits with dc excitation

5 Network theorems

6 Time-domain analysis of first-order RL and RC circuits

2
4 Analysis of simple circuits with dc excitation
Branch current method
• First the directions of currents in individual branches of the network are considered.
• The equations are written describing their relationships to each other through Kirchhoff's and Ohm's Laws.
• Once the equations involving all the unknowns are developed, solve the simultaneous equations.
• Determine all currents, and therefore all voltage drops in the network.
Let’s find the current through 2 ohm resistance using branch current method.
The steps are
 Assign current with direction in individual branches as shown in the figure.
 Apply KCL to individual nodes.
Considering node ‘b’ the KCL equation taking current entering as positive is :
𝐈𝟏 + (−𝐈𝟐 ) + (−𝐈𝟑 ) = 𝟎

 Apply KVL to individual Loops.


 Considering loop “abda” & “bcdb” the KVL equations are
𝟐𝟎 − 𝟒𝐈𝟏 − 𝟐𝐈𝟐 = 𝟎 & −𝟏𝐈𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟐𝐈𝟐 = 𝟎
3
 Solve the equations to get the unknowns.
4 Analysis of simple circuits with dc excitation
Let’s find the current through 2 ohm resistance using branch current method.

The steps are


 Assign current with direction in individual branches as shown in the figure.
 Apply KCL to individual nodes.
Considering node ‘b’ the KCL equation taking current entering as positive is :
𝐈𝟏 + (−𝐈𝟐 ) + (−𝐈𝟑 ) = 𝟎

 Apply KVL to individual Loops.


 Considering loop “abda” & “bcdb” the KVL equations are
𝟐𝟎 − 𝟒𝐈𝟏 − 𝟐𝐈𝟐 = 𝟎 & −𝟏𝐈𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟐𝐈𝟐 = 𝟎
 Solve the equations to get the unknowns.
40
Solving the equations the branch currents are found as: I1 =
7 Hence the required current through the 2
I2 =−
10 ohm resistance is 10/7 Amp & -ve sign
7 indicates that the actual flow of current is
50
I3 = opposite to that of the assumed direction.
4
7
4 Analysis of simple circuits with dc excitation
Maxwell’s Mesh Current method
• Instead of considering individual branch currents (in branch current method), the mesh currents are
considered as the unknowns.
• Once the mesh currents are known, individual branch currents can be determined easily.
• This method is usually able to solve a circuit with less unknown variables and less simultaneous equations.

5
4 Analysis of simple circuits with dc excitation

Let’s find out.


• From the figure the no. of branch currents are 6, hence we require six
(6) simultaneous equations to get the unknowns.
• However taking only three mesh currents we can reduce the number
of simultaneous equations to three (3).
• Once the mesh currents are known the branch currents can easily be
determined by following relations.
I1  I m1
I 2  I m1 - I m 2
I3  I m2
I 4  I m 2 - I m3
I5  I m3
I 6  I m1 - I m 3 6
Numerical
1. For the circuit shown in the figure, determine the currents . Given that
𝐈𝟏 = 𝟑𝐀, 𝐈𝟒 = 𝟏𝐀 and 𝐈𝟔 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝐀

Solution
Applying KCL at node a the current equation can be written as
I1 − I2 − I3 = 0 I2 + I3 = 3
Applying KCL at node b
I3 − I4 − I6 = 0 I3 = I4 + I6 = 1 + 0.5 = 1.5A

Therefore, I2 = 3 − I3 = 3 − 1.5 = 1.5A


Applying KCL at node c
I5 − I2 − I4 = 0
𝐈𝟓 = 𝐈𝟐 + 𝐈𝟒 = 𝟏. 𝟓 + 𝟏 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝐀
7
Numerical
2. Determine the value of current through the 5Ω resistance.
Solution
By converting the current source into voltage source the circuit can
be redrawn as

Now applying KVL in the loop, the voltage equation can be written as
4 − 2I − 5I − 8 = 0
4
Or, I = −
7
𝟒
So the current through the 5Ω resistance is A, and the direction is opposite to that indicated in
𝟕
the diagram. 8
There is no alternate of studying books…….

Go through your book to know more about it.


Thank you
10

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