CBSE Class 11 Mathematics

NCERT Exemplar SolutionsChapter 3

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Prove that:

Sol. L.H.S.=

= since

[ ]

=R.H.S.

Hence proved.

2. If then prove that is also equal to y.

Sol. Given that:

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 [ ]

∴ . Hence proved.

3. If m sin θ = n sin (θ + 2α), then prove that tan (θ + α) cot

Sol. Given that: m sin θ = n sin (θ + 2α)

Using componendo and dividendo rule we get

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⇒

⇒ Hence proved.

4. If and where lies between 0 and find the

value of tan

Sol. Given that:

And

Now

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Hence,

5. If tan then find the value of

Sol. Given that: tan

[∵ cos2 x – sin2 x = cos 2x]

Hence, .

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6. Prove that: = .

Sol. L.H.S.=

[∵ cos(- θ) = cos θ]

[∵ sin (- θ) = - sin θ]

L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence proved.

7. If a cos θ + b sin θ = m and a sin θ – b cos θ = n, then show that a2 + b2 = m2 + n2.

Sol. Given that: a cos θ + b sin θ = m

and a sin θ – b cos θ = n

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R.H.S. = m2 +n2 = (a cos θ + b sin θ)2 + (a sin θ – b cos θ)2

= a2 cos2 θ + b2 sin2 θ + 2ab sin θ cos θ + a2 sin2 θ + b2 cos2 θ – 2ab sin θ cos θ

= a2 cos2 θ + b2 sin2 θ + a2 sin2 θ + b2 cos2 θ

= a2(cos2 θ + sin2 θ) + b2(sin2 θ + cos2 θ)

= a2.1 + b2.1 = a2 + b2 L.H.S.

LHS = RHS. Hence proved.

8. Find the value of tan 22°30’.

Sol. Let 22°30’ ∴ θ =45°

tan 22°30’

Put θ = 45°

Hence, tan 22°30’ .

9. Prove that: sin 4A = 4 sin A cos3 A – 4 cos A sin3 A.

Sol. L.H.S. sin 4A = sin (A + 3A)

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= sin A cos 3A+ cos A sin 3A

= sin A(4 cos3 A – 3 cos A) + cos A(3 sin A – 4 sin3 A)

= 4 sin A cos3 A – 3 sin A cos A + 3 sin A cos A – 4 cos A sin3 A

= 4 sin A cos3 A – 4 cos A sin3 A. R.H.S.

L.H.S = R.H.S Hence, proved.

10. If tan θ + sin θ = m and tan θ – sin θ = n then prove that m2 – n2 = 4 sin θ tan θ.

Sol. Given that: tan θ + sin θ = m and tan θ – sin θ = n

L.H.S. = m2 – n2 = (m + n) (m – n)

= [(tan θ + sin θ) + (tan θ – sin θ)]. [(tan θ + sin θ) – (tan θ – sin θ)]

= (tan θ + sin θ + tan θ – sin θ).(tan θ + sin θ – tan θ + sin θ)

= 2 tan θ. 2 sin θ = 4 sin θ tan θ. = R.H.S.

L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence proved.

11. If tan (A + B) =p, tan (A – B) = q, then show that tan .

Sol. Given that: tan (A + B) = p, tan (A – B) = q

tan 2A = tan (A + B + A – B) = tan [(A + B) + (A – B)]

Hence proved.

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12. If cos α + cos β = 0 = sin α + sin β, then prove that

Cos 2α + cos 2 β = - 2 cos (α + β).

Sol. Given that: cos α + cos β = 0 ...................... (i)

and sin α + sin β = 0 ...................... (ii)

From (i) and (ii) we have

(cos α + cos β)2 – (sinα +sin β)2 = 0

⇒ (cos2 α + cos2 β + 2 cos α cos β) – (sin2 α + sin2 β + 2 sin α sin β) = 0

⇒ cos2 α + cos2 β + 2 cos α cos β – sin2 α - sin2 β – 2 sin α sin β = 0

⇒ (cos2 α - sin2 α) + (cos2 β – sin2 β) + 2(cos α cos β – sin α sin β) = 0

⇒ cos 2α + cos 2β + 2 cos (α + β) = 0

⇒ cos 2α + cos 2β = - 2 cos (α + β).

13. If then show that .

Sol. Given that:

(Using componendo and dividendo rule)

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⇒

⇒ Hence proved.

14. If then show that .

Sol. Given that:

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⇒

⇒ Hence proved.

15. If sin θ + cos θ = 1, then find the general value of θ.

Sol. Given that: sin θ + cos θ = 1

Dividing both sides by , we get

....(i)

⇒ ,n Z

⇒ or

∴ or θ = 2nπ,n Z

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Hence, the general values of θ are and 2nπ where n Z

Alternate method:

From eqn. (i) we get

⇒ .

Hence, the general value of θ is .

16. Find the most general value of θ satisfying the equation tan θ = - 1 and .

Sol. Given that: tan θ = - 1 and

We have cos θ is positive and tan θ is negative in the fourth quadrant

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⇒

Now

Hence, the general solution is , .

17. If cot θ + tan θ = 2 cosec θ, then find the general value of θ.

Sol. Given that: cot θ + tan θ = 2 cosec θ

⇒ .

⇒ 2sin θ cos θ = sin θ

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⇒ 2 sin θ cos θ – sin θ = 0

⇒ sin θ (2 cos θ – 1) = 0

⇒ sin θ = 0 or 2 cos θ – 1 = 0 or

Now sin θ = 0 ⇒

Hence, the general values of θ is and ,

18. If 2sin2θ = 3cosθ, where 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π, then find the value of θ.

Sol. Given that: 2sin2θ = 3cosθ

⇒ 2(1 – cos2 θ) = 3 cos θ

⇒ 2 – 2 cos2 θ – 3 cos θ = 0

⇒ 2 cos2 θ + 3 cos θ – 2 = 0

⇒ 2 cos2 θ + 4 cos θ – cos θ – 2 = 0

⇒ 2 cos θ (cos θ + 2) – 1(cos θ + 2) = 0

⇒ (cos θ + 2) (2 cos θ – 1) = 0

⇒ cos θ + 2 = 0 or 2 cos θ – 1 = 0

⇒ cos θ ≠ - 2 [- 1 ≤ cos θ ≤ 1]

∴ 2 cos θ – 1 = 0

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⇒

since 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π

Hence, the value of θ are and .

19. If sec x cos 5x + 1 = 0, where 0 < x ≤ , then find the value of x.

Sol. Given that: sec x cos 5x + 1 = 0

⇒ cos 5x + cos x = 0

⇒ cos 3x. cos 2x = 0

⇒ cos 3x = 0 or cos 2x = 0

⇒ or

or

Hence, the value of x are .

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