Syllabus for JEE (Main) - 2025

PHYSICS
UNIT 1: Units and Measurements
Units of measurements, System of units, SI Units, fundamental and derived units,
least count, significant figures, Errors in measurements. Dimensions of Physics
quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
UNIT 2: Kinematics
The frame of reference, motion in a straight line, speed and velocity, uniform
and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly
accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graph, relations for uniformly
accelerated motion, relative velocity.
Motion in a plane, projectile motion, uniform circular motion.
UNIT 3: Laws of Motion
Force and inertia, Newton’s first law of motion, momentum, Newton’s second
Law of motion, impulse, Newton’s third Law of motion. Law of conservation of
linear momentum and its applications, equilibrium of concurrent forces.
Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction.
Dynamics of uniform circular motion, centripetal force and its applications:
vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road.
UNIT 4: Work, Energy and Power
Work done by a constant force and a variable force, kinetic and potential energies,
work-energy theorem, power.
The potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy,
conservative and non- conservative forces, motion in a vertical circle. Elastic
and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
UNIT 5: Rotational Motion
Centre of mass of a two-particle system, centre of mass of a rigid body. Basic
concepts of rotational motion, moment of a force, torque, angular momentum,
conservation of angular momentum and its applications.
The moment of inertia, the radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for
simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their
applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of
rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions.
UNIT 6: Gravitation
The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation
with altitude and depth. Kepler’s law of planetary motion. Gravitational potential
energy, gravitational potential. Escape velocity, motion of a satellite, orbital
velocity, time period and energy of satellite.

UNIT 7: Properties of Solids and Liquids

Elastic behaviour, stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law, Young's modulus,
bulk modulus and modulus of rigidity.
 Pressure due to a fluid column, Pascal's law and its applications, effect of gravity
on fluid pressure, viscosity, Stoke’s law, terminal velocity, streamline and
turbulent flow, critical velocity, Bernoulli's principle and its applications.
Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a
curved surface, application of surface tension: drops, bubbles and capillary rise.
Heat, temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry,
change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation.
UNIT 8: Thermodynamics
Thermal equilibrium and the concept of temperature, zeroth law of
thermodynamics, heat, work and internal energy. The first law of
thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes. The second law of
thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes.

UNIT 9: Kinetic Theory of Gases

Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas, kinetic
theory of gases: assumptions, the concept of pressure, kinetic interpretation of
temperature, RMS speed of gas molecules, degrees of freedom, law of
equipartition of energy and applications to specific heat capacities of gases,
mean free path, Avogadro's number.

UNIT 10: Oscillations and Waves

Oscillations and periodic motion: time period, frequency, displacement as a
function of time, periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its
equation, phase, oscillations of a spring: restoring force and force constant,
energy in S.H.M.: kinetic and potential energies, simple pendulum: derivation
of expression for its time period.
Wave motion, longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of the travelling wave,
displacement relation for a progressive wave, principle of superposition of
waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes,
fundamental mode and harmonics, beats.

UNIT 11: Electrostatics

Electric charges: conservation of charge, Coulomb's law forces between two
point charges, forces between multiple charges, superposition principle and
continuous charge distribution.
Electric field: electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric
dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric
field.
Electric flux, Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long
uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and
uniformly charged thin spherical shell.
Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and
system of charges, potential difference, equipotential surfaces, electrical
potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an
electrostatic field.
Conductors and insulators, dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and
capacitance, the combination of capacitors in series and parallel and capacitance
of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the
plates, energy stored in a capacitor.
UNIT 12: Current Electricity
Electric current: drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current,
Ohm's law, electrical resistance, I-V characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic
conductors, electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity,
series and parallel combinations of resistors, temperature dependence of
resistance.
Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell, a combination of cells
in series and parallel.
Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications, Wheatstone bridge, Metre Bridge.
UNIT 13: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Biot - Savart law and its application to the current carrying circular loop,
Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight
wire and solenoid.
Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields, force on a
current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, the force between two
parallel currents carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced
by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field: Moving coil galvanometer, its
sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, bar magnet as
an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines, magnetic field due to a magnetic
dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis, torque on a
magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field, para-, dia- and ferromagnetic
substances with examples, the effect of temperature on magnetic properties.
UNIT 14: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law, induced emf and current, Lenz’s law,
eddy currents, self and mutual inductance.
Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage,
reactance and impedance, LCR series circuit, resonance, power in AC circuits,
wattless current, AC generator and transformer.
UNIT 15: Electromagnetic Waves
Displacement current, electromagnetic waves and their characteristics,
transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum (radio
waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays),
applications of electromagnetic waves.
UNIT 16: Optics
Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light at
plane and spherical surfaces, thin lens formula and lens maker formula, total
internal reflection and its applications, magnification, power of a lens,
combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism,
microscope and astronomical telescope (reflecting and refracting ) and their
magnifying powers.
Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens ‘Principle, laws of reflection and
refraction using Huygens principle. Interference: Young's double-slit
experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained
interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.
Polarization: plane-polarized light, Brewster's law, uses of plane- polarized
light and Polaroid.
UNIT 17: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations,
Einstein's photoelectric equation, particle nature of light. Matter waves: wave
nature of particle, de- Broglie relation.
UNIT 18: Atoms and Nuclei
Alpha-particle scattering experiment, Rutherford's model of atom, Bohr model,
energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic
masses, mass-energy relation, mass defect, binding energy per nucleon and its
variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion.
UNIT 19: Electronic Devices
Semiconductors, semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and
reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, the photodiode,
solar cell, Zener diode, Zener diode as a voltage regulator.
Logic gates (OR. AND. NOT. NAND and NOR).
UNIT 20: Experimental Skills
Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and
activities:
1. Vernier calipers -its use to measure the internal and external diameter and
depth of a vessel.
2. Screw gauge-its use to determine the thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire.
3. Simple pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the
square of amplitude and time.
4. Metre scale - the mass of a given object by the principle of moments.
5. Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
6. Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents,
7. Co-efficient of viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring the
terminal velocity of a given spherical body.
8. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube,
9. Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of
mixtures.
10. The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a metre bridge.
11. The resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law.
12. Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
13. The focal length of
(i) Convex mirror
(ii) Concave mirror and
(iii)Convex lens, using the parallax method.
14. The plot of the angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular
prism.
15. The refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
16. Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.
17. Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse breakdown
voltage.
18. Identification of diode, LED, resistor, a capacitor from a mixed collection
of such items