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Hadoop Components

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Hadoop Components

Uploaded by

punjabuni0703
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Hadoop?

Hadoop is an open-source software framework designed to store and process


massive amounts of data, known as Big Data. It breaks data into smaller parts,
distributes it across many computers (a cluster), and processes it all simultaneously.

Components Of Hadoop:

1. Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS):


 What it does: HDFS is the storage part of Hadoop that stores data across many computers.
 How it works: It divides large data into smaller pieces (called blocks) and stores them on
different machines. Each block has a backup copy to make sure data is safe.
 Key parts:
o NameNode: Manages where the data is stored and keeps track of files and
directories.
o DataNode: Stores the actual data on different machines and sends updates to
NameNode.

2. MapReduce:
 What it does: MapReduce is used to process large data by breaking it into smaller tasks that
run in parallel (at the same time) across multiple machines.
 How it works: It has two steps:
o Map: It splits data into small chunks and processes each chunk.
o Reduce: It takes the results from the map step and combines them to give the final
output.
 Key parts:

o JobTracker: It coordinates and schedules jobs to be processed.


o TaskTracker: It works on the actual tasks by processing data.

3. YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator):


 What it does: YARN manages the resources (like memory and CPU) of all the computers in
the Hadoop system.
 How it works: It decides which jobs get what resources and makes sure everything runs
smoothly.
 Key parts:

o ResourceManager (RM): It’s the boss of the system, deciding who gets the
resources.
o NodeManager (NM): It manages the resources on each computer.
o ApplicationMaster (AM): It controls each application/job and makes sure it runs.

4. Hadoop Common:
 What it does: This is a collection of libraries and utilities that Hadoop needs to run. It
provides support for different Hadoop tools.

5. Hive:
 What it does: Hive is a tool that allows you to run SQL-like queries on your data in Hadoop. It
makes it easier to work with structured data (like tables).
 How it works: You can write queries like SQL, and Hive will convert them into tasks that can
be run on Hadoop.
 Key part:
o Metastore: Stores information about your data (like the table names and structure).

6. Pig:
 What it does: Pig helps process data using a script-based language called Pig Latin, which is
easier than writing complex MapReduce code.
 How it works: You write simple scripts, and Pig will handle the complexity of data processing.
 Key part:
o Pig Latin: The language used for writing scripts.

7. HBase:
 What it does: HBase is a NoSQL database for storing and managing large amounts of real-
time data in Hadoop.
 How it works: It stores data in columns rather than rows, making it good for big data that
requires fast access.

8. Zookeeper:
 What it does: Zookeeper is a tool that helps different parts of Hadoop work together in a
coordinated way.
 How it works: It helps manage and organize distributed systems, ensuring they are
synchronized and running smoothly.

9. Sqoop:
 What it does: Sqoop helps you move data between Hadoop and relational databases (like
MySQL, Oracle).
 How it works: You can import data from a database into Hadoop or export data from
Hadoop to a database.

10. Flume:
 What it does: Flume helps collect and transfer log data (like web server logs) into Hadoop.
 How it works: It captures data from multiple sources and streams it into HDFS or other
storage systems.

Summary of Hadoop Components:


 HDFS: Stores data across multiple machines.
 MapReduce: Processes data in parallel.
 YARN: Manages the resources in the system.
 Hadoop Common: Provides essential tools and libraries.
 Hive: Allows SQL-like queries on Hadoop.
 Pig: Simplifies data processing with scripts.
 HBase: A real-time database for big data.
 Zookeeper: Coordinates different parts of the system.
 Sqoop: Moves data between Hadoop and relational databases.
 Flume: Collects and moves log data to Hadoop.

Benefits of Hadoop

1. Scalability: Easily expands to handle growing data.


2. Cost-Effective: Reduces costs by using inexpensive hardware.
3. High Availability: Ensures data is always accessible with replication.
4. Flexibility: Works with different data types and sources.
5. Faster Processing: Parallel data processing speeds up analysis.
6. Fault Tolerance: Recovers from failures without data loss.
7. Advanced Analytics: Supports complex analytics like machine learning.
8. Data Storage: Can store massive amounts of data efficiently.

Uses of Hadoop

1. Big Data Processing: Handles vast amounts of structured and unstructured data.
2. Data Warehousing: Used for storing and managing large datasets.
3. Real-Time Analytics: Analyzes data in real-time for insights.
4. Log and Event Data Analysis: Processes and analyzes logs and events from systems.
5. Machine Learning: Used for training machine learning models on large datasets.
6. Data Mining: Extracts valuable insights from big data for decision-making.

Importance of Hadoop

1. Big Data Handling: Efficiently processes large volumes of data.


2. Cost-Effective: Open-source and runs on affordable hardware.
3. Versatile Data Processing: Handles structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data.
4. Speed: Parallel processing enables faster data analysis.
5. Scalability: Easily scales with growing data by adding machines.
6. Flexibility: Suitable for batch processing, real-time analytics, and machine learning.
7. Reliability: Data is replicated across nodes for fault tolerance.
8. Advanced Analytics: Supports machine learning and predictive analysis.
9. Better Decisions: Enables data-driven decision-making for improved operations.

Challenges of Hadoop

1. Complexity: Difficult to set up and manage without expertise.


2. Security: Lacks advanced security features out-of-the-box.
3. Data Integration: Integrating diverse data sources is challenging.
4. Real-Time Limitations: Not optimized for real-time processing.
5. Storage Management: Managing large datasets can become difficult.
6. Resource Management: Efficient allocation of resources can be complex.
7. Maintenance: Continuous monitoring and maintenance are needed.
8. Performance Issues: Can face slowdowns with large, complex datasets.
9. Skill Shortage: Limited number of experts available.
10. Evolving Ecosystem: Keeping up with constant updates and changes.

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