Chapter 33

Chapter

File Input/Output
File Input/Output

King Saud University

College of Computer and Information Sciences
Department of Computer Science

Dr. S. HAMMAMI
 Chapter 3: Objectives
• After you have read and studied this chapter, you should
be able to
– Include a JFileChooser object in your program to let the user
specify a file.

– Write bytes to a file and read them back from the file, using
FileOutputStream and FileInputStream.

– Write values of primitive data types to a file and read them back
from the file, using DataOutputStream and DataInputStream.

– Write text data to a file and read them back from the file, using
PrintWriter and BufferedReader

– Read a text file using Scanner

– Write objects to a file and read them back from the file, using
ObjectOutputStream and ObjectInputStream
 Files

• Storage of data in variables and arrays is temporary—the

data is lost when a local variable goes out of scope or
when the program terminates.

• Computers use files for long-term retention of large

amounts of data, even after programs that create the data
terminate. We refer to data maintained in files as
persistent data, because the data exists beyond the
duration of program execution.

• Computers store files on secondary storage devices such

as magnetic disks, optical disks and magnetic tapes.
 Files

There are two general types of files you need to learn about: text files
and binary files…

• A text, or character-based, file stores information using ASCII

character representations. Text files can be viewed with a standard
editor or word processing program but cannot be manipulated
arithmetically without requiring special conversion routines.

• A binary file stores numerical values using the internal numeric

binary format specified by the language in use. A Java program can
read a binary file to get numeric data, manipulate the data
arithmetically, and write the data to a binary file without any
intermediate conversions.
 File Operations

There are three basic operations that you will need

to perform when working with disk files:

• Open the file for input or output.

• Process the file, by reading from or writing to
the file.

• Close the file.

 Files and Streams

• Java views each files as a sequential stream of bytes

• Operating system provides mechanism to determine end of file

– End-of-file marker
– Count of total bytes in file
– Java program processing a stream of bytes receives an
indication from the operating system when program reaches
end of stream

Java’s view of a file of n bytes.

 Files and Streams
• File streams

– Byte-based streams – stores data in binary format

• Binary files – created from byte-based streams, read by a program that converts
data to human-readable format

– Character-based streams – stores data as a sequence of characters

• Text files – created from character-based streams, can be read by text editors

• Java opens file by creating an object and associating a stream with it

• Standard streams – each stream can be redirected

– System.in – standard input stream object, can be redirected with method setIn
– System.out – standard output stream object, can be redirected with method setOut
– System.err – standard error stream object, can be redirected with method setErr
 The Class File

• Class File useful for retrieving information

about files and directories from disk

• Objects of class File do not open files or

provide any file-processing capabilities

• File objects are used frequently with objects of

other java.io classes to specify files or
directories to manipulate.
 Creating File Objects
• To operate on a file, we must first create a File object (from java.io).
Class File provides constructors:

1. Takes String specifying name and path (location of file on disk)

Opens
Opensthethefile
filesample.dat
sample.dat
File filename = new File(“sample.dat”); ininthe current directory.
the current directory.

File filename = new File(“C:/SamplePrograms/test.dat”);

Opens
O p e n sthe
th e file
file test.dat
te st.d a tin
in the
th e directory
d ire c to ryC:\SamplePrograms
C :\S a m p le P ro g ra m susing
u s in g the
th e
generic file separator / and providing the full pathname.
g e n e ric file s e p a ra to r / a n d p ro v id in g th e fu ll p a th n a m e .

2. Takes two Strings, first specifying path and second specifying name of file

File filename = new File(String pathToName, String Name);

 File Methods
Method Description
boolean canRead() Returns true if a file is readable by the current application; false
otherwise.
boolean canWrite() Returns true if a file is writable by the current application; false
otherwise.
boolean exists() Returns true if the name specified as the argument to the File
constructor is a file or directory in the specified path; false otherwise.
boolean isFile() Returns true if the name specified as the argument to the File
constructor is a file; false otherwise.
boolean isDirectory() Returns true if the name specified as the argument to the File
constructor is a directory; false otherwise.
boolean isAbsolute() Returns true if the arguments specified to the File constructor
Method Description
indicate an absolute path to a file or directory; false otherwise.
String getAbsolutePath() Returns a string with the absolute path of the file or directory.
String getName() Returns a string with the name of the file or directory.
String getPath() Returns a string with the path of the file or directory.
String getParent() Returns a string with the parent directory of the file or directory (i.e.,
the directory in which the file or directory can be found).
long length() Returns the length of the file, in bytes. If the File object represents a
directory, 0 is returned.
long lastModified() Returns a platform-dependent representation of the time at which the
file or directory was last modified. The value returned is useful only for
comparison with other values returned by this method.
String[] list() Returns an array of strings representing the contents of a directory.
Returns null if the File object does not represent a directory.
 Some File Methods

To seeififfilename
Tosee filenameisis
if (filename.exists( ) ) { associated
associatedtotoaareal
realfile
file
correctly.
correctly.

ToToseeseeififfilename
filenameisis
if (filename.isFile() ) { associated
associatedtotoaafilefileor
ornot.
not.
IfIffalse, it is a directory.
false, it is a directory.

File directory = new

File("C:/JavaPrograms/Ch4");
List
Listthe
thename
nameofofall
allfiles
files
String Arrayfilename[] = directory.list(); ininthe directory
the directory
C:\JavaProjects\Ch4
C:\JavaProjects\Ch4
for (int i = 0; i < Arrayfilename.length; i++)
{
System.out.println(Arrayfilename[i]);
}
 Demonstrating Class File
1
2 // Demonstrating the File class.
3 import java.io.File;
4
5 public class FileDemonstration
6 {
7 // display information about file user specifies
8 public void analyzePath( String path )
Create new File object; user
9 { specifies file name and path
10 // create File object based on user input
11 File name = new File( path ); Returns true if file or directory
12
13 if ( name.exists() ) // if name exists, output information about it
specified exists
14 {
15 // display file (or directory) information Retrieve name of file or directory
16 System.out.printf(
17 "%s%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s%s\n%s%s\n%s%s\n%s%s\n%s%s", Returns true if name is a
18 name.getName(), " exists",
19 ( name.isFile() ? "is a file" : "is not a file" ),
file, not a directory
20 ( name.isDirectory() ? "is a directory" :
21 "is not a directory" ), Returns true if name is a
22 ( name.isAbsolute() ? "is absolute path" : directory, not a file
23 "is not absolute path" ), "Last modified: ",
24 name.lastModified(), "Length: ", name.length(),
25 "Path: ", name.getPath(), "Absolute path: ",
Returns true if path was
26 name.getAbsolutePath(), "Parent: ", name.getParent() ); an absolute path
27
Retrieve length of file in bytes
Retrieve time file or directory Retrieve absolute path of file or
was last modified (system- directory Retrieve parent directory (path
dependent value) where File object’s file or
Retrieve path entered as a string directory can be found)
28 if ( name.isDirectory() ) // output directory listing
29 {
Returns true if File is a directory, not a file
30 String directory[] = name.list();
31 System.out.println( "\n\nDirectory contents:\n" );
32
33 for ( String directoryName : directory )
34 System.out.printf( "%s\n", directoryName ); Retrieve and display
35 } // end else contents of directory
36 } // end outer if
37 else // not file or directory, output error message
38 {
39 System.out.printf( "%s %s", path, "does not exist." );
40 } // end else
41 } // end method analyzePath
42 } // end class FileDemonstration

1
2 // Testing the FileDemonstration class.
3 import java.util.Scanner;
4
5 public class FileDemonstrationTest
6 {
7 public static void main( String args[] )
8 {
9 Scanner input = new Scanner( System.in );
10 FileDemonstration application = new FileDemonstration();
11
12 System.out.print( "Enter file or directory name here: " );
13 application.analyzePath( input.nextLine() );
14 } // end main
15 } // end class FileDemonstrationTest
Enter file or directory name here: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0\demo\jfc
jfc exists
is not a file
is a directory
is absolute path
Last modified: 1083938776645
Length: 0
Path: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0\demo\jfc
Absolute path: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0\demo\jfc
Parent: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0\demo

Directory contents:

CodePointIM
FileChooserDemo
Font2DTest
Java2D
Metalworks
Notepad
SampleTree
Stylepad
SwingApplet
SwingSet2
TableExample

Enter file or directory name here:

C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0\demo\jfc\Java2D\readme.txt
readme.txt exists
is a file
is not a directory
is absolute path
Last modified: 1083938778347
Length: 7501
Path: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0\demo\jfc\Java2D\readme.txt
Absolute path: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0\demo\jfc\Java2D\readme.txt
Parent: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0\demo\jfc\Java2D
 Low-Level File I/O

• To read data from or write data to a file, we must create

one of the Java stream objects and attach it to the file.

• A stream is a sequence of data items (sequence of

characters or bytes) used for program input or output. Java
provides many different input and output stream classes in
the java.io API.

• A file stream is an object that enables the flow of data

between a program and some I/O device or file
 Low-Level File I/O

– Java has two types of streams: an input

stream and an output stream.

– If the data flows into a program, then the

stream is called an input stream

– If the data flows out of a program, then the

stream is called an output stream
 Streams for Low-Level File I/O
Binary File Stream Classes

FileInputStream To open a binary input stream and

connect it to a physical disk file

FileOutputStream To open a binary output stream and

connect it to a physical disk file

DataInputStream To read binary data from a stream

DataOutputStream To write binary data to a stream

 A File Has Two Names

• Every input file and every output file used by a program

has two names:

1. The real file name used by the operating system

2. The name of the stream that is connected to the file

• The actual file name is used to connect to the stream

• The stream name serves as a temporary name for the

file, and is the name that is primarily used within the
program
 Opening a File

A file stream provides a connection between your

program and the outside world. Opening a file
makes the connection between a logical program
object and a physical file via the file stream.

FileOutputStream
Data

Logical File Object Physical Disk File

FileInputStream
Data
 Opening a Binary File for Output
Using the FileOutputStream class, create a file stream and connect it to a
physical disk file to open the file. We can output only a sequence of bytes.

Import java.io.*
Class TestFileOuputStream {
Public static void main (String [] args) throws IOException
{
//set up file and stream
File F = new File("sample1.data");

FileOutputStream OutF = new FileOutputStream( F );

//data to save
byte[] A = {10, 20, 30, 40,50, 60, 70, 80};

//write the whole byte array at once to the stream

OutF.write( A );

ToToensure
ensurethat
thatallalldata
dataare
aresaved
savedtotoaa
//output done, so close the stream file,close
closethe
thefile
fileatatthe
theend
endofofthe
thefile
file
OutF.close(); file,
access.
access.
}
}
 Opening a Binary File for Input
Using the FileInputStream class, create a file stream and connect it to a
physical disk file to open the file.
Import java.io.*
Class TestFileInputStream {
Public static void main (String [] args) throws IOException
{
//set up file and stream
File G = new File("sample1.data");
FileInputStream InG = new FileInputStream(G);

//set up an array to read data in

int fileSize = (int)G.length();
byte[] B = new byte[fileSize];

//read data in and display them

InG.read(B);
for (int i = 0; i < fileSize; i++) {
System.out.println(B[i]);
}
//input done, so close the stream
InG.close();
}
}
 Streams for High-Level File I/O

• FileOutputStream and DataOutputStream are

used to output primitive data values

• FileInputStream and DataInputStream are used to

input primitive data values

• To read the data back correctly, we must know the

order of the data stored and their data types
 Setting up DataOutputStream

A standard sequence to set up a DataOutputStream object:

 Sample Output
import java.io.*;
class TestDataOutputStream {
public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException {
//set up file and stream
File F = new File("sample3.data");
FileOutputStream OutF = new FileOutputStream( F );
DataOutputStream DF = new DataOutputStream(OutF);

//write values of primitive data types to the stream

DF.writeByte(12);
DF.writeInt(1234);
DF.writeLong(9876543); /*========= run============
DF.writeFloat(1234F); inside the file "sample3.data" is:
DF.writeDouble(1234.4565345);
Ò –´?Dš@ @“IÓ}Ç«ü A
DF.writeChar('A');
************************/
DF.writeBoolean(false);

//output done, so close the stream

DF.close();
}
}
 Setting up DataInputStream

A standard sequence to set up a DataInputStream object:

 Sample Input
import java.io.*;
class TestDataInputStream {
public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException {
//set up inDataStream
File G = new File("sample3.data");
FileInputStream InF = new FileInputStream( G );
DataInputStream DF = new DataInputStream(InF);

//read values back from the stream and display them

System.out.println(DF.readByte());
System.out.println(DF.readInt());
System.out.println(DF.readLong());
System.out.println(DF.readFloat());
System.out.println(DF.readDouble());
/*output after reading file sample3.dtat"
System.out.println(DF.readChar()); 12
System.out.println(DF.readBoolean()); 1234
9876543
//input done, so close the stream 1234.0
DF.close(); 1234.4565345
} A
true
}
************************
 Reading Data Back in Right Order

The order of write and read operations must match in order to read the stored
primitive data back correctly.
 Textfile Input and Output

• Instead of storing primitive data values as binary data in a

file, we can convert and store them as a string data.

– This allows us to view the file content using any text editor

• To output data as a string to file, we use a PrintWriter

object.

• To input data from a textfile, we use FileReader and

BufferedReader classes

– From Java 5.0 (SDK 1.5), we can also use the Scanner class for
inputting textfiles
 Text File Stream Classes

FileReader To open a character input stream and

connect it to a physical disk file

FileWriter To open a character output stream and

connect it to a physical disk file

BufferedReader To provide buffering and to read data

from an input stream

BufferedWriter To provide output buffering

PrintWriter To write character data to an output

stream
 Sample Textfile Output
A test program to save data to a file using PrintWriter for high-level IO

import java.io.*;
class TestPrintWriter {
public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException {

//set up file and stream

File outFile = new File("sample3.data");
FileOutputStream SF = new FileOutputStream(outFile);
PrintWriter PF = new PrintWriter(SF);

//write values of primitive data types to the stream

PF.println(987654321);
PF.println("Hello, world.");
We use println and print
PF.println(true); with PrintWriter. The print
and println methods convert
//output done, so close the stream primitive data types to
strings before writing to a
PF.close(); file.
}
}
 Sample Textfile Input

To read the data from a text file, we use the FileReader and
BufferedReadder objects.

To read back from a text file:

- we need to associate a BufferedReader object to a file,
File inF = new File("sample3.data");
FileReader FR = new FileReader(inF);
BufferedReader BFR = new BufferedReader(FR);

- read data using the readLine method of BufferedReader,

String str;
str = bufReader.readLine();

- convert the string to a primitive data type as necessary.

int i = Integer.parseInt(str);
 Sample Textfile Input

import java.io.*; //get double

class TestBufferedReader { str = BFR.readLine();
double d = Double.parseDouble(str);
public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException
{ //get char
str = BFR.readLine();
//set up file and stream char c = str.charAt(0);
File inF = new File("sample3.data");
FileReader FR = new FileReader(inF); //get boolean
BufferedReader BFR = new BufferedReader(FR); str = BFR.readLine();
String str; Boolean boolObj = new Boolean(str);
//get integer boolean b = boolObj.booleanValue( );
str = BFR.readLine();
int i = Integer.parseInt(str); System.out.println(i);
System.out.println(l);
//get long System.out.println(f);
str = BFR.readLine(); System.out.println(d);
long l = Long.parseLong(str); System.out.println(c);
System.out.println(b);
//get float
str = BFR.readLine(); //input done, so close the stream
float f = Float.parseFloat(str); BFR.close();
}
}
 Sample Textfile Input with Scanner
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
class TestScanner {

public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException {

//open the Scanner

try{
Scanner input = new Scanner(new File("sample3.data"));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {System.out.println(“Error opening file”);
System. Exit(1);}
int i = input.nextInt(); Wecan
canassociate
associateaanew
newScanner
Scannerobject
objecttotoaaFile
Fileobject.
object.
long l = input.nextLong(); We
Forexample:
example:
For
float f = input.nextFloat();
Scannerscanner
scanner==new
newFile
File(“sample3.data”));
(“sample3.data”));
double d = input.nextDouble(); Scanner
char c = input.next().charAt(0); Willassociate
associatescanner
scannertotothe
thefile
filesample3.data.
sample3.data.OnceOncethis
this
Will
association is made, we can use scanner methods such asas
boolean b = input.nextBoolean(); association is made, we can use scanner methods such
nexInt,next,
next,and
andothers
otherstotoinput
inputdata
datafrom
fromthe
thefile.
file.
nexInt,
System.out.println(i);
System.out.println(l);
The code is the same as
System.out.println(f);
TestBufferedReader but uses the
System.out.println(d);
System.out.println(c); Scanner class instead of BufferedReader.
System.out.println(b); Notice that the conversion is not
necessary with the Scanner class by using
input.close(); appropriate input methods such as
} nexInt and nexDouble.
}
 Saving Objects
To save objects to a file, we first create an ObjectOutputStream object. We use
the method writeObject to write an object.
import java.io.*;
Class TestObjectOutputStream {
public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException {
File outFile = new File("objects.data");
FileOutputStream outFileStream = new FileOutputStream(outFile);
ObjectOutputStream outObjectStream = new ObjectOutputStream(outFileStream);
Person p;
for (int i =0; i<10; i++) {
s=input.next();
p = new Person ();
p.setName(input.next()+input.nextLine());
p.setAge(input.nextInt());
p.setGender(s.charAt(0));

outObjecttStream.writeObject(p);
}
outObjectStream.close();
}
}
 Saving Objects
It is possible to save different type of objects to a single file. Assuming the Account and
Bank classes are defined properly, we can save both types of objects to a single file:

File
FileoutFile
outFile==new
newFile("objects.data");
File("objects.data");
FileOutputStream
FileOutputStream outFileStream
outFileStream==new
newFileOutputStream(outFile);
FileOutputStream(outFile);
ObjectOutputStream
ObjectOutputStreamoutObjectStream
outObjectStream==new
newObjectOutputStream(outFileStream);
ObjectOutputStream(outFileStream);

Person person = new Person("Mr. Ali", 20, 'M');

outObjectStream.writeObject( person );

account1 = new Account();

bank1 = new Bank(); Could
Couldsave
saveobjects
objects
from the different
from the different
outObjectStream.writeObject( account1 ); classes.
classes.
outObjectStream.writeObject( bank1 );
 Saving Objects
We can even mix objects and primitive data type values, for example,

Account account1, account2;

Bank bank1, bank2;
account1 = new Account();
account2 = new Account();
bank1 = new Bank();
bank2 = new Bank();

outObjectStream.writeInt( 15 );
outObjectStream.writeObject( account1 );
outObjectStream.writeChar( ‘X’ );
 Reading Objects
To read objects from a file, we use FileInputStream and ObjectInputStream.
We use the method readObject to read an object.

import java.io.*;
Class TestObjectInputStream {
public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException {
File inFile = new File("objects.data");
FileInputStream inFileStream = new FileInputStream(inFile);
ObjectInputStream inObjectStream = new ObjectInputStream(inFileStream);
Person p;
for (int i =0; i<10; i++) {
p = (Person) inObjectStream.readObject();
System.out.println(p.getName() + “ “ + p.getAge() + “ “ +p.getGender());
}
inObjectStream.close();
}
}
 Reading Objects

If a file contains objects from different classes, we must read them in the
correct order and apply the matching typecasting. For example, if the file
contains two Account and two Bank objects, then we must read them in the
correct order:

account1 = (Account) inObjectStream.readObject( );

account2 = (Account) inObjectStream.readObject( );
bank1 = (Bank) inObjectStream.readObject( );
bank2 = (Bank) inObjectStream.readObject( );
 Saving and Loading Arrays

• Instead of processing array elements individually, it is

possible to save and load the whole array at once.

Person[] p = new Person[ N ];

//assume N already has a value

//build the people array

. . .
//save the array
outObjectStream.writeObject ( p );

//read the array

Person[ ] p = (Person[]) inObjectStream.readObject( );
 Example: Class Department

Course

- name: String
- creditHours: int
Department
+ Course(String, int)
+ display()
- name: String + setName(String)
+ setCreditHs(int)
+ Department(int size) + getCreditHours()
+ setDepartment()
+ averageCredit():double
+ display()
+ openOutputFile(String)

+ openInputFile(String)
 Example: Class Department
Implementation of Class Course

importjava.io.*;
java.io.*; publicvoid
public voidsetName(String
setName(Stringna)
na)
import
publicclass
public classCourse
Courseimplements
implementsSerializable
Serializable {{
name=na;
{{ name=na;
privateString
private Stringname;
name; }}
privateint
intcreditHours;
creditHours; publicvoid
public voidsetCreditHs(int
setCreditHs(inth)h)
private
publicCourse
public Course(String
(Stringna,
na,int
inth)h) {{
creditHours=h;
{{ creditHours=h;
name=na;
name=na; }}
creditHours=h; publicdouble
public doublegetCreditHours()
getCreditHours()
creditHours=h;
}} {{
publicvoid
voiddisplay()
display() returncreditHours;
return creditHours;
public
{{ }}
System.out.println("Name: :"+name);
System.out.println("Name "+name); }}
System.out.println("CreditHours
System.out.println("Credit Hours: :"+
"+creditHours);
creditHours);

}}
 Example: Class Department
Implementation of Class Department

importjava.io.*;
import java.io.*; publicvoid
voidsetDepartment()
setDepartment()
public
importjava.util.Scanner;
java.util.Scanner;
import {{
publicclass
public classDepartment
Department Scannerinput
input==new
newScanner(System.in);
Scanner(System.in);
Scanner
{{ System.out.print("Pleaseenter
System.out.print("Please enterthe
thename
nameofofDepartment
Department:");
:");
privateString
private Stringname;
name; name=input.next()+input.nextLine();
=input.next()+input.nextLine();
name
privateCourse
private Course[]c;
[]c; for(int
(inti=0;
i=0;i<c.length;
i<c.length;i++)
i++)
for
publicDepartment(int
Department(intsize)
size)
public {{
{{ System.out.print("Pleaseenter
System.out.print("Please enterthe
thename
nameofofthe
thecourse
course:");
:");
name=""";";
name= c[i]=newcourse();
course();
c[i]=new
c=new
c= newCourse[size];
Course[size]; c[i].setName(input.next()+input.nextLine());
input.nextLine());
c[i].setName(input.next()+
}} System.out.print("Pleaseenter
System.out.print("Please enterthe
thecredit
credithours
hours: :");
");
c[i].setCreditHs(input.nextInt());
c[i].setCreditHs(input.nextInt());
}}
}}
 Example: Class Department
Implementation of Class Department

publicvoid
public voidopenInputFile(String
openInputFile(StringfileName)
fileName)throws
throws
publicvoid
public voidopenOutputFile(String
openOutputFile(StringfileName)
fileName)throws
throws ClassNotFoundException,IOException
ClassNotFoundException, IOException
IOException
IOException
{{
{{ File f f==new
newFile(fileName);
File(fileName);
File
File f f==new
File newFile(fileName);
File(fileName);
FileInputStream gg==new
FileInputStream newFileInputStream(f);
FileInputStream(f);
FileOutputStream gg==new
FileOutputStream newFileOutputStream(f);
FileOutputStream(f);
ObjectInputStreamobj
ObjectInputStream obj==new
newObjectInputStream(g);
ObjectInputStream(g);
ObjectOutputStreamobj
ObjectOutputStream obj==new
newObjectOutputStream(g);
ObjectOutputStream(g);
name=obj.readLine();
name=obj.readLine();
obj.writeBytes(name);
obj.writeBytes(name);
cc==(Course
(Course[])obj.readObject();
[])obj.readObject();
obj.writeObject(c);
obj.writeObject(c); obj.close();
obj.close();
obj.close();
obj.close();
}}
}}
 Example: Class Department
Implementation of Class Department
publicdouble
public doubleaverageCredit()
averageCredit()

{{
doubles=0.0;
double s=0.0;
for(int
for (inti=0;
i=0;i<c.length;
i<c.length;i++)
i++)
s+=c[i].getCreditHours();
s+=c[i].getCreditHours();
return(s/c.length);
return (s/c.length);

}}
publicvoid
public voiddisplay()
display()

{{
System.out.println("========================");
System.out.println("========================");
System.out.println("Thename
System.out.println("The nameofofthe
thedepartment
departmentisis:":"++name);
name);
for(int
for (inti=0;
i=0;i<c.length;
i<c.length;i++)
i++)
c[i].display();
c[i].display();
System.out.println("Theaverage
System.out.println("The averageofofcredit
credithours
hoursisis:":"++averageCredit());
averageCredit());

}}
}}
 Implementation of DepartmentTest1

importjava.io.*;
import java.io.*; /*/* run
run
publicclass
public classDepartmentTest1
DepartmentTest1 Pleaseenter
Please enterthe
thename
nameofofDepartment
Department:Computer
:Computerscience
science
Pleaseenter
enterthe
thename
nameofofthe
thecourse
course:csc107
:csc107
{{ Please
publicstatic
staticvoid
voidmain(String[]
main(String[]args)
args)throws
throwsIOException
IOException Pleaseenter
Please enterthe
thecredit
credithours
hours: :33
public
Pleaseenter
enterthe
thename
nameofofthe
thecourse
course:csc112
:csc112
{{ Please
Departmentdep
Department dep==new
newDepartment(3);
Department(3); Pleaseenter
Please enterthe
thecredit
credithours
hours: :33
dep.setDepartment(); Pleaseenter
Please enterthe
thename
nameofofthe
thecourse
course:csc113
:csc113
dep.setDepartment();
dep.openOutputFile("computer.data"); Pleaseenter
Please enterthe
thecredit
credithours
hours: :44
dep.openOutputFile("computer.data");
Departmentdep2
dep2==new
newDepartment(2);
Department(2); Pleaseenter
Please enterthe
thename
nameofofDepartment
Department:Engineering
:Engineering
Department
dep2.setDepartment();
dep2.setDepartment(); Pleaseenter
Please enterthe
thename
nameofofthe
thecourse
course:eng123
:eng123
dep2.openOutputFile("engineering.data"); Pleaseenter
Please enterthe
thecredit
credithours
hours: :44
dep2.openOutputFile("engineering.data");
Pleaseenter
enterthe
thename
nameofofthe
thecourse
course:eng125
:eng125
}} Please
Pleaseenter
enterthe
thecredit
credithours
hours: :33
}} Please
*/*/
 Implementation of DepartmentTest2
importjava.io.*;
java.io.*;
import /*/*
publicclass
public classDepartmentTest2
DepartmentTest2 ======================================
======================================
{{ Thename
The nameofofthe
thedepartment
departmentisis:Computer
:Computerscience
science
publicstatic
public staticvoid
voidmain(String[]
main(String[]args)
args)throws
throws Name: :csc107
csc107
Name
ClassNotFoundException,IOException
ClassNotFoundException, IOException CreditHours
Hours: :33
Credit
{{ Name: :csc112
Name csc112
Departmentd1
Department d1==new
newDepartment(3);
Department(3); CreditHours
Hours: :33
Credit
d1.openInputFile("computer.data");
d1.openInputFile("computer.data"); Name: :csc113
csc113
Name
d1.display();
d1.display(); CreditHours
Hours: :44
Credit
Departmentd2
Department d2==new
newDepartment(2);
Department(2); Theaverage
averageofofcredit
credithours
hoursisis:3.3333333333333335
:3.3333333333333335
The
d2.openInputFile("engineering.data");
d2.openInputFile("engineering.data"); ======================================
======================================
d2.display();
d2.display(); Thename
nameofofthe
thedepartment
departmentisis:Engineering
:Engineering
The
}} Name: :eng123
Name eng123

}} CreditHours
Credit Hours: :44
Name: :eng125
Name eng125
CreditHours
Credit Hours: :33
Theaverage
The averageofofcredit
credithours
hoursisis:3.5
:3.5

*/*/