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LAB 11 ANIQA

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7 views3 pages

LAB 11 ANIQA

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shayanaly107
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ANIQA EJAZ LAB 11 2024F-BIT-117

LAB 11
FAMILIARIZATION WITH NETWORK SIMULATOR.

Q1. What is the difference between active hub, passive hub and repeater hub?

• Active Hub: Requires power and amplifies signals to maintain network


performance.

• Passive Hub: Does not require power and simply connects devices without altering
the signals.

• Repeater Hub: Requires power and amplifies weak signals to extend the network's
range.

Q2. Why repeater is not very useful for analog signal, whereas its work very well in digital
signal?

A repeater is more effective for digital signals than for analog signals because of how the
two types of signals behave:

• Digital Signals: Digital signals are binary (0s and 1s) and have distinct, clear states.
A repeater can easily detect these states and regenerate the signal, ensuring the
integrity of the signal over long distances without distortion.

• Analog Signals: Analog signals are continuous and can suffer from noise,
attenuation, and distortion as they travel. A repeater amplifies the entire signal,
including noise and distortion, which can worsen the quality of the analog signal,
making it harder to restore accurately.
ANIQA EJAZ LAB 11 2024F-BIT-117

Q3. What is the difference between bridge and switch?

• Bridge: A bridge connects two or more network segments, filtering traffic based on
MAC addresses to reduce collisions and improve network efficiency. It operates at
the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) and typically handles fewer devices, segmenting the
network into smaller parts.
• Switch: A switch connects multiple devices within a network, forwarding data only
to the specific device based on its MAC address. It also operates at the Data Link
Layer but is more efficient and has many more ports, making it ideal for larger
networks. Some advanced switches can also work at the Network Layer (Layer 3) for
routing.

Q4. What is the difference between router and switch?

• Router: Connects different networks (e.g., LAN to WAN), routes data using IP
addresses, and operates at Layer 3 (Network Layer).

• Switch: Connects devices within the same network, forwards data using MAC
addresses, and operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer).

Routers manage traffic between networks, while switches manage traffic within a single
network.
ANIQA EJAZ LAB 11 2024F-BIT-117

Q5. Write all network devices with their corresponding OSI Layer?

• Hub – Operates at Layer 1 (Physical Layer), transmitting raw data bits.


• Repeater – Works at Layer 1 (Physical Layer), amplifying or regenerating signals.
• Bridge – Functions at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer), connecting and filtering traffic
between network segments.
• Switch – Operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer), forwarding data based on MAC
addresses.
• Router – Works at Layer 3 (Network Layer), routing data between different
networks.
• Gateway – Typically operates at Layer 3 or higher (Network/Application Layer),
connecting different networks or protocols.
• Modem – Can operate at Layer 1 (Physical Layer) or Layer 3 (Network Layer),
converting digital and analog signals.
• Access Point – Works at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer), providing wireless connectivity
to a wired network.
• Firewall – Operates at Layer 3 or Layer 4 (Network/Transport Layer), filtering
traffic based on IP addresses or ports.
• Load Balancer – Operates at Layer 4 or Layer 7 (Transport/Application Layer),
distributing traffic across multiple servers.

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