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C++ Programming:
From Problem Analysis to Program Design
Eighth Edition
D.S. Malik
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Pro- © 2018, 2015, 2013 Cengage Learning®
gram Design, Eighth Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright
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PREFACE xxxi ii
1. An Overview of Computers and Programming Languages
2. Basic Elements of c++ 27
3. Input/Output 123
4. Control Structures I (Selection) 187
5. Control Structures II (Repetition) 265
6. User-Defined Functions 347
7. User-Defined Simple Data Types, Namespaces,
and the string Type 467
8. Arrays and Strings 521
9. Records (structs) 611
10. Classes and Data Abstraction 651
11. Inheritance and Composition 743
12. Pointers, Classes, Vi rtua I Functions, and Abstract Classes 817
13. Overloading and Templates 893
14. Exception Handling 991
15. Recursion 1035
16. Searching, Sorting, and the vector Type 1069
17. Linked Lists 1115
18. Stacks and Queues 1209
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
viii | C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Eighth Edition
INDEX 1413
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Preface xxxiii
II AN OVERVIEW Of COMPUTERS
AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Introduction
1
Programming Methodologies 20
Structured Programming 20
Object-Oriented Programming 20
ANSI/ISO Standard C++ 22
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x | C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Eighth Edition
Quick Review 22
Exercises 24
Data Types 37
Simple Data Types 38
Floating-Point Data Types 40
string Type 53
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Table of Contents | xi
Assignment Statement 57
Saving and Using the Value of an Expression 60
Declaring and Initializing Variables 61
Input (Read) Statement 62
Variable Initialization 65
Output 71
Preprocessor Directives 78
namespace and Using cin and cout in a Program 79
Using the string Data Type in a Program 80
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xii | C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Eighth Edition
Exercises 104
INPUT/OUTPUT 123
3
I/O Streams and Standard I/O Devices 124
cin and the Extraction Operator >> 125
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Table of Contents | xiii
Exercises 175
CONTROL STRUCTURES I
4 (SELECTION) 187
Control Structures 188
SELECTION: if AND if . . . else 189
Relational Operators and Simple Data Types 189
Comparing Characters 190
One-Way Selection 191
Two-Way Selection 194
int Data Type and Logical (Boolean) Expressions 198
bool Data Type and Logical (Boolean) Expressions 198
Logical (Boolean) Operators and Logical Expressions 199
Order of Precedence 201
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xiv | C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Eighth Edition
Exercises 245
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Table of Contents | xv
Exercises326
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xvi | C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Eighth Edition
Exercises 438
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Table of Contents | xvii
Namespaces 487
Exercises 512
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xviii | C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Eighth Edition
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Table of Contents | xix
Exercises 592
Exercises 643
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xx | C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Eighth Edition
Exercises 724
Exercises 802
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xxii | C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Eighth Edition
Exercises 879
Templates 959
Function Templates 959
Class Templates 961
Exercises 973
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xxiv | C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Eighth Edition
Exercises 1027
RECURSION 1035
15
Recursive Definitions 1036
Direct and Indirect Recursion 1038
Infinite Recursion 1038
Exercises 1059
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Table of Contents | xxv
SEARCHING, SORTING,
16 AND THE VECTOR TYPE 1069
List Processing 1070
Searching 1070
Bubble Sort 1071
Insertion Sort 1075
Binary Search 1079
Performance of Binary Search 1082
Exercises 1106
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xxvi | C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Eighth Edition
Exercises 1196
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xxviii | C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Eighth Edition
Pop 1238
Copy Stack 1240
Constructors and Destructors 1241
Overloading the Assignment Operator (=) 1241
Stack as Derived from the class unorderedLinkedList 1244
Queues 1259
Queue Operations 1260
Implementation of Queues as Arrays 1262
Linked Implementation of Queues 1271
Queue Derived from the class unorderedLinkedListType 1276
Exercises 1296
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Table of Contents | xxix
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
xxx | C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Eighth Edition
Iterators 1354
IOStream Iterators 1354
Container Adapters 1355
Algorithms 1358
STL Algorithm Classification 1358
STL Algorithms 1360
Functions fill and fill_n 1361
Functions find and find_if 1362
Functions remove and replace 1363
Functions search, sort, and binary_search 1365
Chapter 1 1369
Chapter 2 1372
Chapter 3 1376
Chapter 4 1377
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Table of Contents | xxxi
Chapter 5 1380
Chapter 6 1382
Chapter 7 1385
Chapter 8 1387
Chapter 9 1389
INDEX 1413
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
xxxiv | C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Eighth Edition
Approach
The programming language C++, which evolved from C, is no longer considered an
industry-only language. Numerous colleges and universities use C++ for their first
programming language course. C++ is a combination of structured programming
and object-oriented programming, and this book addresses both types.
This book can be easily divided into two parts: structured programming and object-
oriented programming. The first 9 chapters form the structured programming part;
Chapters 10 through 14, 17, and 18 form the object-oriented part. However, only the
first six chapters are essential to move on to the object-oriented portion.
In July 1998, ANSI/ISO Standard C++ was officially approved. This book focuses on
ANSI/ ISO Standard C++. Even though the syntax of Standard C++ and ANSI/ISO
Standard C++ is very similar, Chapter 7 discusses some of the features of ANSI/ISO
Standard C++ that are not available in Standard C++.
Chapter 1 briefly reviews the history of computers and programming languages. The
reader can quickly skim through this chapter and become familiar with some of the
hardware components and the software parts of the computer. This chapter contains
a section on processing a C++ program. This chapter also describes structured and
object-oriented programming.
Chapter 2 discusses the basic elements of C++ After completing this chapter, students
become familiar with the basics of C++ and are ready to write programs that are
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Preface | xxxv
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
xxxvi | C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Eighth Edition
and templates. Moreover, C++11 random number generators are introduced in this
chapter.
Chapter 14 discusses exception handling in detail. Chapter 15 introduces and dis-
cusses recursion. Moreover, this is a stand-alone chapter, so it can be studied anytime
after Chapter 9. Chapter 16 describes various searching and sorting algorithms as
well as an introduction to the vector class.
Chapters 17 and 18 are devoted to the study of data structures. Discussed in detail
are linked lists in Chapter 17 and stacks and queues in Chapter 18. The programming
code developed in these chapters is generic. These chapters effectively use the funda-
mentals of OOD.
Appendix A lists the reserved words in C++. Appendix B shows the precedence and
associativity of the C++ operators. Appendix C lists the ASCII (American Standard
Code for Information Interchange) and EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal
Interchange Code) character sets. Appendix D lists the C++ operators that can be
overloaded.
Appendix E, provided online, has three objectives. First, we discuss how to convert
a number from decimal to binary and binary to decimal. We then discuss binary
and random access files in detail. Finally, we describe the naming conventions of
the header files in both ANSI/ISO Standard C++ and Standard C++. Appendix
F discusses some of the most widely used library routines, and includes the names
of the standard C++ header files. The programs in Appendix G show how to print
the memory size for the built-in data types on your system. Appendix H gives an
introduction to the Standard Template Library, and Appendix I provides the answers
to odd-numbered exercises in the book.
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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