2019 International Conference on Computing, Communication, and Intelligent Systems (ICCCIS)

Design and Implementation of SPWM Inverter

Debashis Paul Amit Barua
Md. Raseduzzaman Ruman
Electrical & Electronic Engineering Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Electrical & Electronic Engineering
American International University- American International University-
American International University-
Banjgladesh Banjgladesh
Bangladesh
Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
Dhaka, Bangladesh
debashispauldipta@gmail [email protected]
[email protected]
Asif Iqbal Suprio Barua
Apurbo Kumar Sarker
Electrical & Electronic Engineering Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Electrical & Electronic Engineering
American International University- Port City International University
American International University-
Bangladesh Chittagong, Bangladesh
Banjgladesh
Dhaka, Bangladesh [email protected]
Dhaka, Bangladesh
[email protected]
[email protected]

Abstract—This paper represents the fabrication and signal. This inverter which is the more sensitive device that
implementation of 50Hz SPWM inverter to convert the direct reduces the audible noise and runs the inductive load faster
current to alternating current. Such as what can be continuous and quieter due to low harmonic distortion. It can be used in
from a standard wall outlet. There are generally three types of UPS which is one of the important components used for
the inverter in general purpose: modified sine wave, pure sine medical equipment. A survey was done to know the social
wave, and square wave. Considering the power output impact or how people are thinking about this device. Most of
capability, efficiency and harmonics pure sine wave inverter is them showed a very positive review of this project. We have
the best quality among these three types of the inverter. The asked people about bubba oscillator did they hear before and
main goal of this paper is generating a pure sine wave. DC to
what is the significance of pure sine wave inverter. Most of
AC inverter can be utilized for low voltage DC sources such as
solar panels or fuel cells. Batteries should be converted so that
them have given the positive answer about pure sine wave
device can run off AC power. In our paper, the inverter inverter. When we have asked to compare our inverter with
converts the low voltage DC power to DC source of high other inverters which is available in local market, they also
voltage. Afterwards, it converts high DC source into AC give positive expression. People mostly like it because of it
waveform identical to sine wave using PWM. This inverter are suitable for the sensitive device. For its low distortion
circuit provides a pure sine wave of all the frequency with low and cheap rate people accept it easily. The sinusoidal current
harmonic distortion. The simulation is done by Porteous into utility is injected by inverter conversion voltage. [3]
software in the beginning step. Finally, it’s implemented and Inverters are classified as pure sine wave inverter, modified
tested in real time basis. square wave inverter and square wave inverter. In previous
couple of years, sine wave inverter is giving more perfect
Keywords—SPWM, sine wave, inverter, Porteous, square and sensitive load. For that reason, sine wave inverter
wave, AC power. demand is increasing rapidly. [4] Other that modified square
wave inverter output is not satisfactory and does not get
I. INTRODUCTION transition directly from positive maxima to negative maxima
but rather stay for some moment at zero level and
In recent decade, population is increasing rapidly. For
subsequently gives dead spots between positive and negative
that reason, the demand of electricity is increasing
cycles. Pure Sine Wave inverter have many advantages over
exponentially day by day. Renewable energy sources have
traditional inverters such as clean power, reduction in
been getting famous world-wide with zero adverse effect on
electrical and audible noise in fans, low harmonic distortion,
environment. [1] Solar power is the one of the main sectors
cooler and faster running of inductive loads [5]. There are
of renewable energy. The recent development of technology
many techniques to generate pure sine wave in alternating
to find such an inverter which can give smooth and perfect
current. However, during this paper SPWM is employed to
output of sine wave. Most of the researcher are invented
regulate the switching of MOSFET full bridge. This provides
many kinds of modulation technique. One of the most
with pure sine wave AC output after filtration through LC
popular modulation techniques is pulse width modulation
filter.
(PWM). It can control the analog sensor with a digital
output. A low voltage DC source first converts into high
voltage DC then it converts high voltage AC waveform using II. FOUNDATION OF THE STUDY
PWM. PWM technique is used to operate the DC-AC
convert. This technique is very advanced and effective. A. Historical Background
Different types of machines are used to control the width of In 1954 there is much high voltage DC to DC
the gate pulse. The more sensitive device that an upgraded transmission systems were Implemented all over the world
sine wave might hamper to devices such as laser printers, within the invention of DC to DC voltage converter by
laptops, power tools, and medical equipment. To reduce the controlling step up and step down. But some device like
audible noise, we use this form of AC and run the inductive power tools, radios, and TV that was run off AC power.
load faster and quieter due to low harmonic distortion [2]. People have faced some problems one of them is world can’t
This inverter is comparatively cheaper than other inverters be powered with only one form. Then it becomes a vital
which are available in local markets. PWM inverter is matter for there to exist the easy way to transform power
generally used to control signals to provide an AC output from DC power to AC power. [2]

ISBN: 978-1-7281-4826-7/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 490

 III. METHODOLOGY AND MODELING
The design of the sine wave inverter can be complicated
when it including as a whole, but when it fragmented as a
smaller one and divisions. It will be much easier to conduct
the project.it was described given bellow of each section how
the project was constructed which is divided into small part.

A. Block diagram of the system

Fig 2: The Steps We Followed to Implement Our Project.

After that H-Bridge driver chips consisting of four N-

Channel MOSFETs were fixed with the breadboard. A filter
was the last portion of the project which was positioned
across the load of the H-Bridge [2].
C. Sine Wave Generator

Fig 1: Block Diagram of SPWM

First of all, output of the sine wave goes to a non-

inverting amplifier. After that output of triangular wave and
non-inverting sine wave goes to the summing junction where Fig 3: Sine wave generator circuit
the two signals were sum. After that the output of summing Thus, a bubba oscillator was picked to generator a sine wave
junction and non-inverting sine wave goes across the output. The circuit was given in the above figure. In this
comparator side. The comparator high side output in circuit LM348 is used, which is inexpensive. The bubba
connected to the 1st MOSFET driver high side and oscillator has 4 distinct part where output signal can be
comparator low side output is connected to the 1st
taken, which is (P2-P5). P2 bear the biggest amplitude and it
comparator low side. This high side is connected to the 2nd
show the max distorted and P5 bear the smallest amplitude
MOSFET driver low side and low side is connected to the
2nd MOSFET driver high side. An H-bridge is connected and it shown the lowest amplitude. So P5 is the finest move
between the 2 MOSFET drivers which was used for to get the lowest move to get the lowest distorted signal.
switching the signal. A low pass LC filter was used for D. Carrier Wave Generator
filtering the signal. After that filtered signal was connected to
the load.

B. Implementation process
For producing sine wave and carrier wave, 12V power is
required. Those two waveform generators work accurately
and therefore were able to construct at the same time.
Between two segments of the thesis spent some time
because of their functioning behaviors at the appropriate
frequency, shape, and amplitude of the PWM signal. After
that, there were some problems which will be discussed
below in the limitations. All the functions of those blocks
successfully done and PWM signal can be created. Sine
routed through an amplifier and the sine wave and the
carrier wave signal both routed through the correct
Fig 4: Triangular Wave Generator Circuit
comparator to the H-Bridge drivers and the PWM signal Carrier wave perhaps triangular or maybe sawtooth signals.
was implemented. We used a triangular wave as a carrier signal in this case.
Hence it will be at 1 kHz as settled in peak power loss

491
simulations. By using analog component, the triangular
wave generation will be completed. The triangular wave
generation can be done simply by an integrator with square
wave as input. To generate the triangular wave the TL-084
OP-AMP was used and the biasing voltage was given 12v
[6].

E. PWM-Pulse Width Modulation

Fig 7. Circuit on PCB Board

IV. RESULT ANALYSIS

To do our project we have used 12 volts DC input and get
back 50Hz AC output. Before implement our research we
have simulated it in Porteous and check all the result
carefully.

A. Sine Wave Output

The simulated output voltage of sine wave was 3.5volts
Fig 5: PWM Technique Circuit peak to peak and frequency was 50Hz. The output was a 6
For analyzing the reference sine wave with the triangular volts signal when the oscillator was first pieced together,
wave, a tri-level PWM is formed in this research. correctly calculated all the calculation and choosing all the
component then the team analyzed about the problems
F. H-Bridge Mosfet regarding the misfunctioning of the circuit. The circuit
eventually oscillated by lifting value of amplification, when
The H-Bridge is an electronic circuit which approved an
we measured the sine wave in the naked eye it was looking
applied voltage to goes through the load. The H-Bridge
like a sine wave of 50Hz, the oscillator was generating a 50
constructed with four switches so that when switch 1 and
Hz sine wave.
switch 4 are closed, at same moment switch 2 and switch 3
are open, a positive voltage will be enforced to the load.
Again, when s2 and s3 are closed and at the same time s1
and s4 will be opened. So, a reverse voltage will be enforced
across the load and all four switches should not be closed at
the same time. To decrease power loss and increase
switching speed, n-channel MOSFET were picked.
MOSFET drivers were picked to run the high side of the H-
bridge. The N-channel MOSFET driver which is ir2110 op-
amp was chosen in this project [2].
Fig 8: Sin wave simulated output

Fig 9: orginal output of sine wave

Fig 6: H-bridge MOSFET Driver Filter Circuit.

G. Circuit on PCB Board

After successfully finished simulation and test all the parts
of our circuit in the lab then we have to go to implement it
on the PCB board. To get PCB layout we have used Proteus
software.
Fig 10: Amplified output

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B. Carrier wave generator V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
To develop a carrier wave, triangular wave is used from
where the peak to peak output voltage was 6volts and
frequency was 1.02 kHz.

Fig 15: Pure sine wave

Fig 11: Carrer simulated output The control signals in the circuit through carefully handling,
TL-084 op-amp is used for devlop a carrier wave.12v non- the H-Bridge in the MOSFETs were accurately switched,
inverting reference is used. Between U4A and U4B R8=10k resulting in a 50 Hz sine waveform shown in fig 15. The
and R9=400k were placed which convert the square wave output is shown for 12V input voltage and 300ohm load
into the triangular wave. Two diodes were set to control the after constructing the LC filter. The output wave amplitude
current flow. Even though we did not get our desired output. was only 10V pick to pick, the difference can be easily
Then we have used to the resistor value R10=5k instead of understood from the low ratio of the sine wave to triangular
1k and capacitor C5=100pF instead of 1uF. By changing wave control signal. In high voltage operation, the
those equipment values we have successfully done our amplification on the reference noninverting sine amplifier
carrier wave part. will be increased to output 320 pick to pick signal when the
H-bridge input voltage is 170V. By changing the resistor
values in the Bubba oscillator circuit (sine wave generator)
can be adjusted the frequency of the signal.
When the inverter works under the medium load's operation
(above 50Kohm with 12V input), the output was caused due
to Low pass filter. Use of chokes acting as inductors
occurred in core saturation while circuit was passing more
than 5 circulating current. For the AC filtering approach,
chokes are intended. Chokes are intended to prevent high
frequency and passing lower-frequency or direct current.
Fig 12: Carrer real output For the core saturation, the filter used behaves like a
resistance, thus permitted oscillations at the carrier
C. Amplified sin and triangular wave
frequency.
When we amplified the signal, we have got peak to peak Having the problems regarding filter, the three-level PWM
3.48volts sine wave output and peak to peak 6.2volts carrier signal was produced correctly and the resistive loud could
wave output and their respective frequency were 50Hz and be used before the filter. By increasing the switching
1.02 kHz. frequency to twice as much, we avoid the core saturation
problem and reducing the filter inductances values. On the
other hand, a non-polarized capacitor having high
capacitance and a low inductance value is used to sidestep
core saturation. If these necessary components were
available, there was insufficient time for purchasing them
and test the electronic parts in the circuit without the above-
mentioned filter problem the circuit is acting correctly and it
can invert a DC voltage into oscillating AC voltage.

Fig 13: Amplified Sine Wave VI. NOVELTY OF THE WORKS

In this research, a pure sine wave inverter is built which
seems suitably feasible using MOSFET switches and 3 level
PWM implying H-bridge configuration, which completely
controls the MOSFET drives to activate H-bridge MOSFET.
The important factor for improving our project is the design
made considering 12V DC supply and the output of H-
bridge is a clear sine wave with 50Hz frequency which is
easily adjustable. This tuning can be done by varying the
size of the sine reference in the control circuit.
VII. MENDATIONS ON FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
Fig 14: Compare of sine waqve and triangualar wave
Although all the goals of this project have been meeting,
there are many ways to improve this project. It has been

493
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