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1. Introduction to CHN

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8 views

1. Introduction to CHN

chn intro

Uploaded by

r8th82fmzr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING CONCEPTS

Learning Objectives
1. Review concepts, principles, and approaches in Community Health Nursing
2. Identify the specialized fields of Community Health Nursing
3. Identify the roles, functions, and responsibilities of a Public Health Nurse/Community Health Nurse
Learning Content

Definition of Terms
1. Public Health
-Science and Art of Preventing Disease, Prolonging Life, Promoting Health and efficiency through
organized community effort
-The development of social machinery to ensure everyone a standard of living adequate for the
maintenance of health, so organizing these benefits as to Enable Every Citizen to Realize His Birthright
to Health and Longevity - Dr. C.E. Winslow

• Art of applying Science in the Context of Politics so as to Reduce Inequalities in Health while ensuring
the best health for the greatest number - WHO

2. Public Health Nursing


Special Field of Nursing that combines the skills of nursing, public health, and social assistance for the
promotion of health, the improvement of the conditions in the social and physical environment,
rehabilitation of illness and disability. - WHO

3. Community Health Nursing


- Service rendered by a professional nurse with communities, groups, families, and individuals at home, in
health centers, in clinics, in schools, in places of work for the promotion of health, prevention of illness,
care of the sick at home and rehabilitation. - Ruth B. Freeman

• Nursing Practice in a wide variety of community services and consumer advocate areas... community
nursing is certainly not confined to public health nursing agencies - Jacobson

• The utilization of the Nursing Process in the Different Levels of Clientele concerned with the Promotion
of Health, Prevention of Disease and Disability and Rehabilitation - Dr. Araceli Maglaya
4. Goal in Community Health Nursing: “To raise the level of citizenry by helping communities and
families to cope with the discontinuities in and threats to health in such a way as to maximize their
potential for high-level wellness” Nisce

5. Philosophy of CHN “The philosophy of CHN is based on the worth and dignity of man.”(Dr. M.
Shetland)

6. Basic Principles of CHN


The community is the patient in CHN, the family is the unit of care
Four levels of clientele: individual, family, population group (those who share common
characteristics, developmental stages and common exposure to health problems – e.g. children,
elderly), and the community.
In CHN, the client is considered as an ACTIVE partner NOT a PASSIVE recipient of care
The goal of CHN is achieved through multi-sectoral efforts

Theoretical Models/ Approaches


1. General Systems Theory
2. Social Learning Theory
-learning takes place in a social context
-people learn from one another and that learning is promoted modeling or observing other people.

Example of SLT:
Scenario: The student nurse teaches a group of mothers about giving solid foods in addition to
breastmilk to infants who are older than 6 months.

3. The Health Belief Model


4. Milio’s Framework for Prevention
5. Pender’s Health promotion Model
6. The Transtheoretical Model
7. PRECEDE-PROCEED

Specialized Fields of CHN


1. Community Mental Health Nursing: a unique clinical process which includes concepts from
nursing, mental health, social psychology, psychology, community networks, and the basic sciences
2. Occupational Health Nursing: the application of nursing principles and procedures conserving the
health of workers in all occupation
3. School Health Nursing: application of nursing theories and principles in the care of the school
population
4. Home Health Care: providing nursing care to individuals and families in their own places of
residence
5. Hospice Home Care: intended to provide comfort to the terminally ill patient, improve his quality of
life and provide support to the patient and family as they go through the process of dying and grieving.

Roles and Functions of the Public Health Nurse


A. Roles of the CHN
• Clinician or Health Care Provider: utilizes the nursing process in the care of the client in the home
setting through home visits and in public health care facilities; conducts referral of patients to
appropriate levels of care when necessary
• Health Educator: utilizes teaching skills to improve the health knowledge, skills and attitude of the
individual, family and the community
• Coordinator and collaborator: establishes linkages and collaborative relationships with other
healthprofessionals, government agencies, the private sector, non government organizations and
people’s organizations to address health problems
• Supervisor: monitors and supervises the performance of midwives and other auxiliary health
workers; also initiates the formulation of staff development and training programs for midwives and
other auxiliary health workers as part of their training function as supervisors
• Leader and Change Agent: influences people to participate in the overall process of community
development
• Manager: organizes the nursing service component of the local health agency or local government unit;
also, as program manager, the PHN is responsible for the delivery of the package of services provided by
the health program to target clientele
• Researcher: participates in the conduct of research and utilizes research findings in practice

B. Responsibilities of the CH Nurse


• Be a part in developing an overall health plan, its implementation and evaluation for communities.
• Provide quality nursing services to the four levels of clientele
• Maintain coordination/linkages with other health team members and NGO/ government agencies
• Conduct researches relevant to CHN services to improve provision of health care
• Provide opportunities for professional growth and continuing education for staff development
Individual
Basic approaches in looking at the individual:
1. Atomistic
2. Holistic
Perspectives in understanding the individual:
1. Biological
unified whole
holon
dimorphism
2. Anthropological
essentialism
social constructionism
culture
3. Psychological
psychosexual
psychosocial
behaviorism
§ social learning
4. Sociological
family and kinship
social groups
Family
Models:
Developmental
Stage I – Beginning Family (newly wed couples)
TASK: compliance with the PD 965 & acceptance of the new member of the family
Stage II – Early Child Bearing Family (0-30 months old)
TASK: emphasize the importance of pregnancy & immunization & learn the concept of parenting
Stage III –Family with Pre- school Children (3-6yrs old)
TASK: learn the concept of responsible parenthood
Stage IV – Family with School age Children (6-12yrs old)
TASK: Reinforce the concept of responsible parenthood
Stage V – Family with Teen Agers (13-25yrs old)
TASK: Parents to learn the concept of “let go
system” and understands the “generation gap”
Stage VI – Launching Center (1st child will get married up to the last child)
TASK: compliance with the PD 965 & acceptance of the new member of the family
Stage VII -Family with Middle Adult parents (36-60yrs old)
TASK: provide a healthy environment, adjust with a new lifestyle and adjust with the financial
aspect
Stage VIII – Aging Family (61yrs old up to death)
TASK: learn the concept of death positively

Population Group
Vulnerable Groups:
Infants and Young Children
School age
Adolescents
Mothers
Males
Old People

Prepared by:
Lianne S. Decano RN, MSN
CHN 2 Team Leader
August 2024

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