RADIATION CLASSES MATHEMATICS

EXERCISE 10.2 Here, it is given that ∠AOB = ∠COD, i.e., they are equal angles.
Now, we will have to prove that the line segments AB and CD are equal,
1. Recall that two circles are congruent if they have the same radii. Prove i.e., AB = CD.
that equal chords of congruent circles
Proof: In triangles AOB and COD,
subtend equal angles at their centres. ∠AOB = ∠COD (As given in the question.)
OA = OC and OB = OD (These are the radii of the circle.)
Solution: So, by SAS congruency, ΔAOB ≅ ΔCOD
∴ By the rule of CPCT, we have,
To recall, a circle is a collection of points whose every point is equidistant
from its centre. So, two circles can be AB = CD (Hence, proved.)

congruent only when the distance of every point of both circles is equal
from the centre.
EXERCISE 10.3
3. If two circles intersect at two points, prove that their centres lie on
the perpendicular bisector of the common chord.

Solution:

For the second part of the question, it is given that AB = CD, i.e., two equal
chords.

Now, it is to be proven that angle AOB is equal to angle COD. It is given that two circles intersect each other at P and Q.

Proof: To prove:
OO’ is perpendicular bisector of PQ.
Consider the triangles ΔAOB and ΔCOD. (i) PR = RQ
OA = OC and OB = OD (Since they are the radii of the circle.) (ii) ∠PRO = ∠PRO’ = ∠QRO = ∠QRO’ = 900
AB = CD (As given in the question.)
So, by SSS congruency, ΔAOB ≅ ΔCOD Proof:
∴ By CPCT, we have, In triangles ΔPOO’ and ΔQOO’,
OP = OQ and O’P = O’Q (Since they are also the radii.)
∠AOB = ∠COD (Hence, proved). OO’ = OO’ (It is the common side.)
So, it can be said that ΔPOO’ ≅ ΔQOO’ (SSS Congruence rule)
2. Prove that if chords of congruent circles subtend equal angles at their
∴ ∠POO’ = ∠QOO’ (c.p.c.t)— (i)
centres, then the chords are equal.
Even triangles ΔPOR and ΔQOR are similar by SAS congruency.
Solution: OP = OQ (Radii)
∠POR = ∠QOR (As ∠POO’ = ∠QOO’)
Consider the following diagram.
OR = OR (Common arm)

So, ΔOPO’ ≅ ΔOQO’ (SAS Congruence rule)

∴ PR = QR and ∠PRO = ∠QRO (c.p.c.t) …. (ii)
As PQ is a line
∠PRO + ∠QRO = 180°
∠PRO + ∠PRO = 180° (Using (ii))
2∠PRO = 180°
∠PRO = 90°
Here,
∠PRO’ = ∠QRO = 90° and ∠QRO’ = ∠PRO = 90° (Vertically opposite
angles)So ∠QRO = ∠PRO = 90°
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 RADIATION CLASSES MATHEMATICS

∠PRO = ∠QRO = ∠PRO’ = ∠QRO’ = 90° Construction Steps

Step 1: From the centre of the circle, draw a perpendicular to AB, i.e., OM
So, OO’ is the perpendicular bisector of PQ.
⊥ AB.
Step 2: Similarly, draw ON ⊥ CD.
EXERCISE 10.4 Step 3: Join OE.
Now, the diagram is as follows:
1. Two circles of radii 5 cm and 3 cm intersect at two points, and the
distance between their centres is 4 cm. Find the length of the common
chord.

Solution: The perpendicular bisector of the common chord passes

through the centres of both circles.

Proof:

From the diagram, it is seen that OM bisects AB, and so OM ⊥ AB

Similarly, ON bisects CD, and so ON ⊥ CD.

It is known that AB = CD. So,

AM = ND — (i)
As the circles intersect at two points, we can construct the above figure.
Consider AB as the common chord and O and O’ as the centres of the and MB = CN — (ii)
circles.
Now, triangles ΔOME and ΔONE are similar by RHS congruency, since
O’A = 5 cm
OA = 3 cm ∠OME = ∠ONE (They are perpendiculars.)
OO’ = 4 cm [Distance between centres is 4 cm.]
OE = OE (It is the common side.)
As the radius of the bigger circle is more than the distance between the
two centres, we know that the centre of the smaller circle lies inside the OM = ON (AB and CD are equal, and so they are equidistant from the
bigger circle. The perpendicular bisector of AB is OO’. centre.)

OA = OB = 3 cm ∴ ΔOME ≅ ΔONE
As O is the midpoint of AB
ME = EN (by CPCT) — (iii)
AB = 3 cm + 3 cm = 6 cm
The length of the common chord is 6 cm. Now, from equations (i) and (ii), we get
It is clear that the common chord is the diameter of the smaller circle.
AM+ME = ND+EN
2. If two equal chords of a circle intersect within the circle, prove that the
segments of one chord are equal to corresponding segments of the other So, AE = ED
chord.
Now from equations (ii) and (iii), we get
Solution: MB-ME = CN-EN

Let AB and CD be two equal cords (i.e., AB = CD). In the above question, it So, EB = CE (Hence, proved)
is given that AB and CD intersect at a
3. If two equal chords of a circle intersect within the circle, prove that the
point, say, E. line joining the point of intersection to the centre makes equal angles
with the chords.
It is now to be proven that the line segments AE = DE and CE = BE
Solution:

From the question, we know the following:

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 RADIATION CLASSES MATHEMATICS

(i) AB and CD are 2 chords which are intersecting at point E. Therefore, AM = MD — (i)
(ii) PQ is the diameter of the circle. Also, since OM ⊥ BC, OM bisects BC.
(iii) AB = CD. Therefore, BM = MC — (ii)
From equation (i) and equation (ii),
Now, we will have to prove that ∠BEQ = ∠CEQ AM-BM = MD-MC

For this, the following construction has to be done. ∴ AB = CD

Construction: 5. Three girls, Reshma, Salma and Mandip, are playing a game by
standing on a circle of radius 5m drawn in a park. Reshma throws a
Draw two perpendiculars are drawn as OM ⊥ AB and ON ⊥ D. Now, join OE.
ball to Salma, Salma to Mandip, and Mandip to Reshma. If the distance
The constructed diagram will look as follows:
between Reshma and Salma and between Salma and Mandip is 6m
each, what is the distance between Reshma and Mandip?

Solution:

Now, consider the triangles ΔOEM and ΔOEN.

Here,

(i) OM = ON [The equal chords are always equidistant from the centre.]
Let the positions of Reshma, Salma and Mandip be represented as A,
(ii) OE = OE [It is the common side.]
B and C, respectively.
(iii) ∠OME = ∠ONE [These are the perpendiculars.]
So, by RHS congruency criterion, ΔOEM ≅ ΔOEN. From the question, we know that AB = BC = 6cm
Hence, by the CPCT rule, ∠MEO = ∠NEO
So, the radius of the circle, i.e., OA = 5cm
∴ ∠BEQ = ∠CEQ (Hence, proved)
Now, draw a perpendicular BM ⊥ AC.
4. If a line intersects two concentric circles (circles with the same centre)
with centre O at A, B, C and D, prove that AB = CD (see Fig. 10.25). Since AB = BC, ABC can be considered an isosceles triangle. M is the
mid-point of AC. BM is the perpendicular

bisector of AC, and thus it passes through the centre of the circle.

Now,

let AM = y and

OM = x
Solution: The given image is as follows:
So, BM will be = (5-x).

By applying the Pythagorean theorem in ΔOAM, we get

OA2 = OM2 +AM2

⇒ 52 = x2 +y2 — (i)

Again, by applying the Pythagorean theorem in ΔAMB,

First, draw a line segment from O to AD, such that OM ⊥ AD.
AB2 = BM2 +AM2
So, now OM is bisecting AD since OM ⊥ AD.
⇒ 62 = (5-x)2+y2 — (ii)

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 RADIATION CLASSES MATHEMATICS
y2 +(49/25) = 25 OA = 2/3 AD
⇒ y2 = 25 – (49/25)
20 m = 2/3 × √3a/2
Solving it, we get the value of y as
y = 24/5 a = 20√3 m

Thus, So, the length of the string of the toy is 20√3 m.

AC = 2×AM
= 2×y
EXERCISE 10.5
= 2×(24/5) m
1. In Fig. 10.36, A, B and C are three points on a circle with centre O,
AC = 9.6 m such that ∠BOC = 30° and ∠AOB = 60°. If D is a point on the circle
So, the distance between Reshma and Mandip is 9.6 m. other than the arc ABC, find ∠ADC.

6. A circular park of radius 20m is situated in a colony. Three boys, Ankur,

Syed and David, are sitting at equal distances on its boundary, each having
a toy telephone in his hands to talk to each other. Find the length of the
string of each phone.

Solution:
First, draw a diagram according to the given statements. The diagram will
look as follows:

Solution:
It is given that,

∠AOC = ∠AOB+∠BOC

So, ∠AOC = 60°+30°

∴ ∠AOC = 90°
Here, the positions of Ankur, Syed and David are represented as A, B and
It is known that an angle which is subtended by an arc at the centre
C, respectively. Since they are sitting at
of the circle is double the angle subtended by that
equal distances, the triangle ABC will form an equilateral triangle.
arc at any point on the remaining part of the circle.
AD ⊥ BC is drawn. Now, AD is the median of ΔABC, and it passes through
So,
the centre O.
∠ADC = (½)∠AOC
Also, O is the centroid of the ΔABC. OA is the radius of the triangle.
= (½)× 90° = 45°
OA = 2/3 AD
2. A chord of a circle is equal to the radius of the circle. Find the angle
Let the side of a triangle a metres, then BD = a/2 m.
subtended by the chord at a point on the minor arc and also at a point
Applying Pythagoras’ theorem in ΔABD, on the major arc.

AB2 = BD2+AD2 Solution:

⇒ AD2 = AB2 -BD2

⇒ AD2 = a2 -(a/2)2

⇒ AD2 = 3a2/4

⇒ AD = √3a/2

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 RADIATION CLASSES MATHEMATICS
Here, the chord AB is equal to the radius of the circle. In the above So,
diagram, OA and OB are the two radii of the circle.
∠POR+∠OPR+∠ORP = 180°
Now, consider the ΔOAB. Here,
∠OPR+∠OPR = 180°-160°
AB = OA = OB = radius of the circle
As ∠OPR = ∠ORP
So, it can be said that ΔOAB has all equal sides, and thus, it is an
2∠OPR = 20°
equilateral triangle.

Thus, ∠OPR = 10°

∴ ∠AOC = 60°

4. In Fig. 10.38, ∠ABC = 69°, ∠ACB = 31°, find ∠BDC.

And, ∠ACB = ½ ∠AOB

So, ∠ACB = ½ × 60° = 30°

Now, since ACBD is a cyclic quadrilateral,

∠ADB +∠ACB = 180° (They are the opposite angles of a cyclic

quadrilateral)

So, ∠ADB = 180°-30° = 150°

Solution:
So, the angle subtended by the chord at a point on the minor arc and also
at a point on the major arc is 150° and 30°, We know that angles in the segment of the circle are equal, so,

respectively. ∠BAC = ∠BDC

3. In Fig. 10.37, ∠PQR = 100°, where P, Q and R are points on a circle with Now. in the ΔABC, the sum of all the interior angles will be 180°.
centre O. Find ∠OPR.
So, ∠ABC+∠BAC+∠ACB = 180°

Now, by putting the values,

∠BAC = 180°-69°-31°

So, ∠BAC = 80°

∴ ∠BDC = 80°

5. In Fig. 10.39, A, B, C and D are four points on a circle. AC and BD

Solution:
intersect at a point E, such that ∠ BEC = 130° and ∠ ECD = 20°. Find
Since the angle which is subtended by an arc at the centre of the circle is BAC.
double the angle subtended by that arc at any
point on the remaining part of the circle.
So, the reflex ∠POR = 2×∠PQR

We know the values of angle PQR as 100°.

So, ∠POR = 2×100° = 200°
∴ ∠POR = 360°-200° = 160°

Now, in ΔOPR,
OP and OR are the radii of the circle. Solution: We know that the angles in the segment of the circle are
So, OP = OR equal.
Also, ∠OPR = ∠ORP So,

Now, we know the sum of the angles in a triangle is equal to 180 degrees. ∠ BAC = ∠ CDE
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 RADIATION CLASSES MATHEMATICS

Now, by using the exterior angles property of the triangle, ∠ BCA = 30°

In ΔCDE, we get also, ∠ BCD = 80°

∠ CEB = ∠ CDE+∠ DCE ∠ BCA +∠ ACD = 80°

We know that ∠ DCE is equal to 20°. Thus, ∠ ACD = 50° and ∠ ECD = 50°

So, ∠ CDE = 110° 7. If diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral are diameters of the circle
through the vertices of the quadrilateral, prove that it is a rectangle.
∠ BAC and ∠ CDE are equal
Solution:
∴ ∠ BAC = 110°
Draw a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD inside a circle with centre O, such
6. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral whose diagonals intersect at point E.
that its diagonal AC and BD are two diameters of the circle.
If ∠ DBC = 70°, ∠ BAC is 30°, find ∠BCD. Further, if AB = BC, find ∠ ECD.
Solution: Consider the following diagram.

We know that the angles in the semi-circle are equal.

Consider the chord CD.
So, ∠ ABC = ∠ BCD = ∠ CDA = ∠ DAB = 90°
We know that angles in the same segment are equal.
So, as each internal angle is 90°, it can be said that the quadrilateral
So, ∠ CBD = ∠ CAD
ABCD is a rectangle.

∴ ∠ CAD = 70° 8. If the non-parallel sides of a trapezium are equal, prove that it is

Now, ∠ BAD will be equal to the sum of angles BAC and CAD. cyclic.

So, ∠ BAD = ∠ BAC+∠ CAD Solution:

= 30°+70°

∴ ∠ BAD = 100°

We know that the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral sum up to

180 degrees.

So,

∠ BCD+∠ BAD = 180°

It is known that ∠ BAD = 100°

So, ∠ BCD = 80°

Now, consider the ΔABC.

Here, it is given that AB = BC

Also, ∠ BCA = ∠ CAB (They are the angles opposite to equal sides of a
triangle)
RADIATION CLASSES MATHEMATICS
Proof:

We know that angles in the semi-circle are equal.

9. Two circles intersect at two points, B and C. Through B, two line So, ∠ ADB = ∠ ADC = 90°
segments ABD and PBQ are drawn to intersect the circles at A, D and
Hence, ∠ ADB+∠ ADC = 180°
P, Q, respectively (see Fig. 10.40). Prove that ∠ ACP = ∠ QCD.
∴ ∠ BDC is a straight line.

So, it can be said that D lies on the line BC.

11. ABC and ADC are two right triangles with common hypotenuse AC.
Prove that ∠ CAD = ∠CBD.

Solution:

Solution: We know that AC is the common hypotenuse and ∠ B = ∠ D = 90°.

Construction: Now, it has to be proven that ∠ CAD = ∠ CBD

Join the chords AP and DQ.

For chord AP, we know that angles in the same segment are equal.

So, ∠ PBA = ∠ ACP — (i)

Similarly, for chord DQ,

∠ DBQ = ∠ QCD — (ii)

Since ∠ ABC and ∠ ADC are 90°, it can be said that they lie in a semi-
It is known that ABD and PBQ are two line segments which are circle.
intersecting at B.
So, triangles ABC and ADC are in the semi-circle, and the points A, B, C
At B, the vertically opposite angles will be equal. and D are concyclic.

∴ ∠ PBA = ∠ DBQ — (iii) Hence, CD is the chord of the circle with centre O.

From equation (i), equation (ii) and equation (iii), we get We know that the angles which are in the same segment of the circle
are equal.
∠ ACP = ∠ QCD
∴ ∠ CAD = ∠ CBD
10. If circles are drawn taking two sides of a triangle as diameters,
prove that the point of intersection of these circles lies on the third 12. Prove that a cyclic parallelogram is a rectangle.
side. Solution: It is given that ABCD is a cyclic parallelogram, and we will
have to prove that ABCD is a rectangle.
Solution: First, draw a triangle ABC and then two circles having
diameters of AB and AC, respectively. We will have to now prove that D
lies on BC and BDC is a straight line.
RADIATION CLASSES MATHEMATICS

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