PAGE NO.

E2. Papr (2013) DATE :

ODefine Simpkx communi catBen.,

Iahe Simplex mode truns missin iSis
can be S e n t h
Unidiectional Informahan
only Ône direeio n

2 2) bat is modulathon 2
informahn
Oprocess of imposinq the
siana onto another fequeny siqnal The
informahcn signal is calecd rmodulaton

PCM is a digita) modulatin tea chnique Communt

Yes, pcm code modulaic ís adiqita
modwahon technique that onuerH onalog
inforoaHn Snto a binarysequena

State any t p typed of Random -dCcel] pntocos

O ALOHA - ALOHA asdesi is applicable to any
System in which uncoordinated Compeing
fer use of singe shore channel
cSMA-C Carier Sense rauiple Access Protocol) -
CSMA a mediu access Conhol CMAC)
prptocol hat helps educe interferene and
improve perfoYmom ce in communhcahen syrtm.

Jhat is DSSS 2
DirectSequenca Spread Spectrum Due to
eose ofimpk mentathion and higherdata ra tes,
t is most wi dely used techniqve in wireless
CommuniCatns.
 PAGE NO.
DAIE :

i'st advontages of mesh topolsgy?.

oThe topology providu the hiahest derte
offault toh

is obusta the, netuo doe not crayh

Reliabiliy and seauny ii mar

Ahat is meaning of achye Hub

ole io exknding the
AcHe hubiplay! a key
distane betn Do de These hubs hve tbeir
inYease
On pouer Supply and ae vicd to clean
hransmAt the slana Using netwos.
lond
Homming code fo data info
da
Conshuct
uoith n yparity:
 /PAGE NO.
DATE :

eEplain the Cancept of

date transmissicn 'Hene nformai n sinal
is digitaJ ie Shing of s and o's Canier
Signad is analo q: The modulat slgna is alo
analog in naurt
to bingnt Qand
sine
nanmì tted
Ra fe binam o' tansmi3s)en analo 4
signal of CE feaueny is hran1mited aubi le
fer binang analog sig nal af fequenty
is tranimi ted. frequeney E, iscalled spae
fcaueny while lf' is caled ma frtautny
Thi change in fequency obtaimed to
bj changing Camier frequeny
Catu

ÉsK 0avefom hransmiss

whet is mq frcqunt for bhmag datu'l he
6ispace equny for binavj data o' tranmisicm.
 nber More ample

gure called
Rishows
( 101101.2+s
aismmajModulatin
or Cost
Data
FSK
Volts
and signal

ciding
alabilltyof Figure
10
corresponding

toovercome I1

anng 2.4:
FSK
Waveform
data
1

sequence
theto

Changing
carrTerIre
1

hanrduoge
poformans had
uo0
 frquen
harduo4e
a
ieel tlothe
ationy
a
w changc
insignal
generak
pacess CoromUn tanimissinmissin
cain. U
of plaleavold
to range higherbahd imiat
iPAGE
N0. aiiel
Communicahom.the oÇ
pexformanu
DAIE:
ies to
to rans handuoe to
informaian
a AmleMhamdgR funchaming hat
mocuatin s operehng
deigner
moculaim. needange to
allowthe
b fr range nange
band So
generated fer in
Ey teble ranimîisin
of decidinqthe
rsquen
rune: Modulaien overcomeSysterm.
of bond
boand tablk the fequncy
su Siana avalability
of.fSK.
Appicaim
Tadio:
diqital
Mabile
shanng
dta
Cardlels of System
boamd
frequm pexmitt hardu
limita
obiechre Siqnal open
neR fer frquency
i
sianal Audio Sui
ohich to
Modulation
factos
majo
the cahen
Communì
f rOModulaion heit Communi
ism
ca Sitable
OTelephany baic
intoxnahon
Fnformatiin - Q0H-20kH radio dependert
Modulaian
Rquird
genenated
medium.
Gcamplei posibleomd
)what defini Tange hatThy
Tne Cost
is in
 PAGE NO.
DATE:

3 Moduw atiun fee prachcabitihy of anknna

Si2e -The signa radlaed into mediumn
trough tranmiHng ane nna: Jt s found of
that fr efAdent tranmis sicnhe size
th of
the an tenna mut be at leaut one ten
|the siqnal uavelength.
9 Mocutahon for muiiplescina- lo dulatin enablg
meie.
Us moxe ffdent 0Se off tron hnißsin
Becawe of modulatin hecoms -possble
to ure wi plesú nq te chnique Sotht net
commúni catie effecty
Simwtaneoily
SNodlahen f r effechve use of chánn
bandidth Since chonnel banduwid th is nuch
Ianger than sighal bandoidt 1mgt numbe
shave he
the Same chann Ar
tranmissson It achieed using vaow
mulipleaing keahnicqud fr thii medulain is
mwt

CompaY fDM & TD9.

OThe sîqnals which are )The siqndl which are

to be mutiplco(col arebe m tiplesed can
addedin the time Ocupt the entire band
dom ain But they
dth bt they art isolated
occupt differnt Slotsin the me donan
n the Aequen
domain.
 PAGE NO.
DATE :

fer theanalog sgnad the dlyital siqrau

E)ychronizahom is not Sychonization is
quicd.
@fOM equired aa (omplac OTDM
9TbM ciywit not emy
crcwty at the banmitea Conoplex
and eceiver.
The signal i analoq S The signal i digta) on
long
long ditancs. alstance ewily
GfDM Suffe fom the
In ToM the poblem of
pebltm of (ros telkk due Crosstallg is not Sevnt
to imperfeet FBPF.
OExpenie muiplaing Modexatly e cost
techniq,uc
Gcplaun pcM modu at coith black diaqrom.
pulse code modwatin is techniquc in which
analog informason slanal îs Conveted into Caded
pwied viing Corier
CoTrier Signal
Signal al puie

Diagçrom
PCrm oodwatorr Consist of hand pai filte , Samplkx,
ADC and Parall to serñal Conveter
The analog infematien i applied to band
phas ilte which gemov high Frequcncy compoor
Sampler Samplo the informathim sgnal at a
Nyquist Sampling rate
 PC
C.
Figure 2.3 showssa simplified block diagram of a PCM modulator and
demodulator.
PCM Modulator
to afinite Paralle!
data Transmission
Serial
nalalimited
which Analog
Input
Band pass
filter Sampler
Analog
to digital
Parailei
to serial
Converter
PCM code
medium
Converter
signal

nd -3V.h PCM Demodulator

e range
bit signis
Serial to
Digital to
Output < Low pass analog parallel
filter Converter conversion
signal
leftmos
is called
Figure 2.3: PCM system

Para
filtanaler og nfodel Conis
 that stops
i seia int
conveted
to ng chn
ON Cabeacable
longac the
slanl parael mah quaity
Solahs
PAGE
NO. bief bus cohich
in denic at cab)e
:DATE
in uSU
the nehu0.k or signal
iscehea
fromis using trantmitted of Slgnal
and bu
comOunicatic topologt
to stur
date be thl inste number
of idenhfy
the
Conneted
ted
amplitudle to heal ina than the
loss
to beasS_
dig ted
Convea accomplis stY tups
needi then
on degradey
euy Cabling bus canor
suppt.
limitainto
devicey
coded distance and
datee is and aee
baclebone eMecian
ditfct trans
Seial
Conventer
t x
en The
digitally topalogy
The
vanahle ic BusBu
topology
- inesthe lesi -D
Advantaged
isadyan further
tages
to paralle faults
long Th Thisdata dop Ql Requiree îs
Convented Bxplain Slanol fautf
E)Ti
m mode Senal
fex Here Rnks Bus OThere
teps aA
All So by )
8) (
 PAGE NO.
DATE :

9tar to pology
Star topolog+ ha a Central Contnoller caLe
callea
huh. Ail deiced ae con ntcted to hub using
one
dees deicated point to -point lnlc SE t sen¢
Aeci
deiice want to Send daa to anothe
datu goe
he ddte to the hub throuah obich
to onother devicu,
Adyantagld.
less cabling is equired.
to instcll
links el only that ink s afectedAl
IE one.
other links emam ache.
pisadyantagu.
The ohole topology ir dependunt on single poim
hubqog dOLon tthc ohole Systm is
hub, fE
dead

sychrsono Communiatim
Canerteca
Tìminaf signal is not imptant
bem daa blbeS gap prent pata
ronsmisim speed
tranmissim bm ComputeA and keyboad
 PAGE NO.
DATE:

qs)
O Asynchtonous Comnou hicaim.
In auychrono tranmission ore.defined

attis trammted
hoannltte in gtoups Each qroup
ha maimum 8 hit
Timing of sgna is not important pate
ranmibion betm Compute ond Xubaard

(2onhholled ACces Rrotocols. ReseTNain..

Jn the TeVaion method
to make xeTvain before Serding dato..
A special relenation frane URd to
elene he slot f here are NSttiuny
n e Sust m, th ere aYe exacty N eserV atíon
in
minisloH in he eerNatinfrane when
steti om needa to Jend a data frome, it
makes a veseNaienin its Own minîlot the
steian that have nade Yleryaion can Send
Hheir datoAeimed qfter tne reiemjaton frore

3) Aavelength Dilvsion muhpleacing.

((AbM üan analo multi pkaing techniq,ue
onpbine ophcal sqn ADM kchnique
speciaut ued fos the Sys trn in ohich
hsanmisi ovn oedium i ehe -oiphc able
Sincebandìdth of the opa fber Cable
cornbired
is higher thowand! of sqnad an be
togettefor tanimísim on s'ngle Sine using
 PAGE NO.

DATE:

mutipleing koniept o FDm and cooA is Same,

eapecte that here opti cal signals ant multipleored
hanumiHed and demulipleocecl.

fud duplx Cormmunicaion

In Au duplc« mode data tranaralsion A
Ipasslbe in both hrcti on Sismultanco wly fal
duples. 0 called tuoo -oy
way in.
simultaneouy
uplcx or both
Transmi terr >'Reccior
Receive transi keY
Tranimitting Recening AND
AND Receiv ing Transmiting
fig: fa dupleac
Telephony Communicaien, Nideo Cenfencncinq
rtesne_chak phone cally et ae he
ecamples
C LANClocal Ata pehwot)
When the Computes ane dihbuted ore a
localizcd ciea Such al þuli ding or campy
the nehwek S Known u eca
lacal ata
arfa ntms
LAN *S pËvalely ooned
Thus Scopc. of LAt LAN is limtco. AL the devicy
dae. Connccted to a shadtrmsmss kan medim.
LANS uSe a Se Smgt Suitehwhi ch rcogn
the deinatim addti af the packet and
Home wi
deiersit poper
to bost Ecample-
ntwo,:Small buins netwo
 PAGE N0.

DATE :

Sui teh hctuk device

pchwork Suo)-tehoY suo tehling
g is a Compute
networkingdevices that Conncctt neuoork
uSe packet suoitehing technlque
Strrre and forO0r data packea
4 reCcive
he Suoi t hmaintand a lst of
Hhe netoos deuicu conneat
o l
all the
netoos addrese of in fw
The data
data is tsansmitte d
mode.