List of Papers

Sl Subject Paper for CBT

Post* Syllabus
No.
1 AEE (Drilling)-Mechanical,
Mechanical Engineering AEE (Production)- Mechanical, Page 02-03
AEE (Mechanical)
2 AEE (Drilling)-Petroleum,
Petroleum Engineering Page 04-05
AEE (Production)-Petroleum
3 Chemical Engineering AEE (Production)- Chemical Page 06-07
4 Electrical Engineering AEE (Electrical) Page 08-09
5 Geology Geologist Page 10-11
6 Geophysics Page 12-13
Geophysicist (Surface), Geophysicist (Wells)
7 Physics Page 14-15

* Please check the detailed advertisement 1/2025 (R&P) before applying for any post.
 Mechanical Engineering
Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Functions of single variable, limit, continuity and differentiability, mean value theorems,
indeterminate forms; evaluation of definite and improper integrals; double and triple integrals; partial
derivatives, total derivative, Taylor series (in one and two variables), maxima and minima, Fourier
series; gradient, divergence and curl, vector identities, directional derivatives, line, surface and volume
integrals, applications of Gauss, Stokes and Green’s theorems.
Differential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear); higher order linear differential
equations with constant coefficients; Euler-Cauchy equation; initial and boundary value problems;
Laplace transforms; solutions of heat, wave and Laplace's equations.
Complex Variables: Analytic functions; Cauchy-Riemann equations; Cauchy’s integral theorem and
integral formula; Taylor and Laurent series.
Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability, sampling theorems, conditional probability;
mean, median, mode and standard deviation; random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal
distributions.
Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; integration by
trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules; single and multi-step methods for differential equations.

Applied Mechanics and Design

Engineering Mechanics: Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; friction and its applications including
rolling friction, belt-pulley, brakes, clutches, screw jack, wedge, vehicles, etc.; trusses and frames;
virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies in plane motion; impulse and momentum (linear
and angular) and energy formulations; Lagrange’s equation.
Mechanics of Materials: Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson's ratio; Mohr’s circle for plane
stress and plane strain; thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear
stresses; concept of shear centre; deflection of beams; torsion of circular shafts; Euler’s theory of
columns; energy methods; thermal stresses; strain gauges and rosettes; testing of materials with
universal testing machine; testing of hardness and impact strength.
Theory of Machines: Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic
analysis of linkages; cams; gears and gear trains; flywheels and governors; balancing of reciprocating
and rotating masses; gyroscope.
Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems, effect of damping; vibration
isolation; resonance; critical speeds of shafts.
Machine Design: Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the S-N
diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted and welded joints; shafts,
gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches, springs.

Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences

Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties; fluid statics, forces on submerged bodies, stability of floating
bodies; control-volume analysis of mass, momentum and energy; fluid acceleration; differential
equations of continuity and momentum; Bernoulli’s equation; dimensional analysis; viscous flow of
incompressible fluids, boundary layer, elementary turbulent flow, flow through pipes, head losses in
pipes, bends and fittings; basics of compressible fluid flow.
Heat Transfer: Modes of heat transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept and
electrical analogy, heat transfer through fins; unsteady heat conduction, lumped parameter system,
Heisler's charts; thermal boundary layer, dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat
transfer, heat transfer correlations for flow over flat plates and through pipes, effect of turbulence; heat
exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods; radiative heat transfer, Stefan- Boltzmann law,
Wien's displacement law, black and grey surfaces, view factors, radiation network analysis
Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substances, behavior of
ideal and real gases; zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics, calculation of work and heat in various
processes; second law of thermodynamics; thermodynamic property charts and tables, availability and
irreversibility; thermodynamic relations.

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Applications: Power Engineering: Air and gas compressors; vapour and gas power cycles, concepts of
regeneration and reheat. I.C. Engines: Air-standard Otto, Diesel and dual cycles. Refrigeration and air-
conditioning: Vapour and gas refrigeration and heat pump cycles; properties of moist air, psychrometric
chart, basic psychrometric processes. Turbomachinery: Impulse and reaction principles, velocity
diagrams, Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines; steam and gas turbines.

Materials, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering

Engineering Materials: Structure and properties of engineering materials, phase diagrams, heat
treatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials.
Casting, Forming and Joining Processes: Different types of castings, design of patterns, moulds and
cores; solidification and cooling; riser and gating design. Plastic deformation and yield criteria;
fundamentals of hot and cold working processes; load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion,
drawing) and sheet (shearing, deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes; principles of powder
metallurgy. Principles of welding, brazing, soldering and adhesive bonding.
Machining and Machine Tool Operations: Mechanics of machining; basic machine tools; single and
multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining;
principles of non-traditional machining processes; principles of work holding, jigs and fixtures; abrasive
machining processes; NC/CNC machines and CNC programming.
Metrology and Inspection: Limits, fits and tolerances; linear and angular measurements; comparators;
interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in
manufacturing and assembly; concepts of coordinate-measuring machine (CMM).
Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their integration tools;
additive manufacturing.
Production Planning and Control: Forecasting models, aggregate production planning, scheduling,
materials requirement planning; lean manufacturing.
Inventory Control: Deterministic models; safety stock inventory control systems.
Operations Research: Linear programming, simplex method, transportation, assignment, network flow
models, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM.

Application in Oil & Gas Business

Operation & maintenance of Surface facilities (Separator, heater treater, crude stabilization, Storage
tank, static equipment, compressor & pumps etc.), Operation of Group gathering stations, offshore
Platforms, Artificial lift technology (Gas lift, sucker rod pumps etc).
Processing and recovery of value-added product (LPG, Naptha, C2, C3 etc.), Gas sweetening
operations, Gas dehydration operations etc.
Work over Rig operations, well head maintenance, Well completion & Testing etc. Various types of
well stimulation services (hydro-fracturing, Nitrogen Job, Acid job).
Project management, oil & gas pipeline, Health Safety & Environment related knowledge in oil & gas
sector.

3
 Petroleum Engineering

Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability, Taylor series, Mean value
theorems, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima
and minima, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface
and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.
Differential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential
equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value
problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace
equation.
Complex Variables: Complex number, polar form of complex number, triangle inequality.
Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability,
Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Poisson, Normal and Binomial
distributions, Linear regression analysis.
Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations. Integration by
trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule. Single and multi-step methods for numerical solution of differential
equations.
Petroleum Exploration: Classification and description of some common rocks with special reference
to clastic and nonelastic reservoir rocks. Origin, migration and accumulation of Petroleum. Petroleum
exploration methods.
Oil and Gas Well Drilling Technology: Well planning. Drilling method. Drilling rigs Rig operating
systems. Drilling fluids function and properties. Drilling fluid maintenance equipment. Oil & gas well
cementing operations. Drill bit types and their applications. Drill string & Casing string function,
operations, selection & design. Drilling problems, their control & remedies. Directional drilling tools.
Directional survey. Application of horizontal, multilateral, extended reach, slim wells.
Reservoir Engineering: Petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks. Coring and core analysis.
Reservoir fluid properties. Phase behaviour of hydrocarbon system. Flow of fluids through porous
media. Water and gas coning. Reservoir pressure measurements. Reservoir drives, drive mechanics and
recovery factors. Reserve estimation & techniques.
Petroleum Production Operations: Well equipments. Well completion techniques. Well production
problems and mitigation. Well servicing & Workover operations. Workover & completion fluids.
Formation damage. Well stimulation techniques. Artificial lift techniques. Field processing of oil &
gas. Storage and transportation of petroleum and petroleum products. Metering and measurements oil
& gas. Production system analysis & optimization. Production testing. Multiphase flow in tubing and
flow-lines. Nodal system analysis. Pressure vessels, storage tanks, shell and tube heat exchangers,
pumps and compressors, LNG value chain.
Offshore Drilling and Production Practices: Offshore oil and gas operations & ocean environment.
Offshore fixed platforms, Offshore mobile units, Station keeping methods like mooring & dynamic
positioning system. Offshore drilling from fixed platform, jack-up, ships and semi submersibles. Use
of conductors and risers. Offshore well completion. Deep water applications of subsea technology.
Offshore production: Oil processing platforms, water injection platforms, storage, SPM and SBM
transportation and utilities. Deep water drilling rig. Deep water production system. Emerging deep
water technologies.
Petroleum Formation Evaluation: Evaluation of petrophysical of sub-surface formations: Principles
applications, advantages and disadvantages of SP, resistivity, radioactive, acoustic logs and types of
tools used. Evaluation of CBL/VDL, USIT, SFT, RFT. Production logging tools, principles, limitations
and applications. Special type of logging tools. Casing inspection tools (principles, applications and
limitations), Formations micro scanner (FMS), NMR logging principles. Standard log interpretation
methods. Cross-plotting methods.
Oil and Gas Well Testing: Diffusivity equation, derivation & solutions. Radius of investigation.
Principle of superposition. Horner’s approximation. Drill Stem Testing. Pressure Transient Tests:
Drawdown and build up-test analysis. Wellbore effects. Multilayer reservoirs. Injection well testing.
Multiple well testing. Interference testing, Pulse testing, well-test analysis by use of type curves. Gas
well testing.

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Health Safety and Environment in Petroleum Industry: Health hazards in Petroleum Industry:
Toxicity, Physiological, Asphyxiation, respiratory and skin effect of petroleum hydrocarbons, sour
gases. Safety System: Manual & automatic shutdown system, blow down systems. Gas detection
system. Fire detection and suppression systems. Personal protection system & measures. HSE Policies.
Disaster & crisis management in Petroleum Industry. Environment: Environment concepts, impact on
eco-system, air, water and soil. The impact of drilling & production operations on environment,
Environmental transport of petroleum wastes. Offshore environmental studies. Offshore oil spill and
oil spill control. Waste treatment methods.
Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques: Basic principles and mechanism of EOR, Screening of EOR
process. Concept of pattern flooding, recovery efficiency, permeability heterogeneity. Macroscopic and
microscopic displacement efficiency. EOR methods: Chemical flooding, Miscible flooding, Thermal
recoveries (steam stimulation, hot water & steam flooding, in-situ combustion), Microbial EOR.
Latest Trends in Petroleum Engineering: Coal bed methane, shale gas, oil shale, gas hydrate, and heavy
oil.
Application in Oil & Gas Business: Operation & maintenance of Surface facilities (Separator, heater
treater, crude stabilization, Storage tank, static equipment, compressor & pumps etc.), Operation of
Group gathering stations, offshore Platforms, Artificial lift technology (Gas lift, sucker rod pumps etc).
Processing and recovery of value-added product (LPG, Naptha, C2, C3 etc.), Gas sweetening
operations, Gas dehydration operations etc.
Work over Rig operations, well head maintenance, Well completion & Testing etc. Various types of
well stimulation services (hydro-fracturing, Nitrogen Job, Acid job).
Project management, oil & gas pipeline, Health Safety & Environment related knowledge in oil & gas
sector.

5
 Chemical Engineering
Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigenvectors.
Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability, Taylor series, Mean value
theorems, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima
and minima, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface
and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.
Differential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential
equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value
problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of one-dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace
equation.
Complex Variables: Complex number, polar form of complex number, triangle inequality.
Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability,
Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Poisson, Normal and Binomial
distributions, Linear regression analysis.
Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations. Integration by
trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule. Single and multi-step methods for numerical solution of differential
equations.

Process Calculations and Thermodynamics

Steady and unsteady state mass and energy balances including multiphase, multi-component, reacting
and non-reacting systems. Use of tie components; recycle, bypass and purge calculations; Gibb’s phase
rule and degree of freedom analysis.
First and Second laws of thermodynamics. Applications of first law to close and open systems. Second
law and Entropy. Thermodynamic properties of pure substances: Equation of State and residual
properties, properties of mixtures: partial molar properties, fugacity, excess properties and activity
coefficients; phase equilibria: predicting VLE of systems; chemical reaction equilibrium.

Fluid Mechanics and Mechanical Operations

Fluid statics, surface tension, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, transport properties, shell- balances
including differential form of Bernoulli equation and energy balance, equation of continuity, equation
of motion, equation of mechanical energy, Macroscopic friction factors, dimensional analysis and
similitude, flow through pipeline systems, velocity profiles, flow meters, pumps and compressors,
elementary boundary layer theory, flow past immersed bodies including packed and fluidized beds,
Turbulent flow: fluctuating velocity, universal velocity profile and pressure drop.
Particle size and shape, particle size distribution, size reduction and classification of solid particles; free
and hindered settling; centrifuge and cyclones; thickening and classification, filtration, agitation and
mixing; conveying of solids.

Heat Transfer
Equation of energy, steady and unsteady heat conduction, convection and radiation, thermal boundary
layer and heat transfer coefficients, boiling, condensation and evaporation; types of heat exchangers
and evaporators and their process calculations; design of double pipe, shell and tube heat exchangers,
and single and multiple effect evaporators.

Mass Transfer
Fick’s laws, molecular diffusion in fluids, mass transfer coefficients, film, penetration and surface
renewal theories; momentum, heat and mass transfer analogies; stage-wise and continuous contacting
and stage efficiencies; HTU & NTU concepts; design and operation of equipment for distillation,
absorption, leaching, liquid-liquid extraction, drying, humidification, dehumidification and adsorption,
membrane separations (micro-filtration, ultra-filtration, nano- filtration and reverse osmosis).

6
Chemical Reaction Engineering
Theories of reaction rates; kinetics of homogeneous reactions, interpretation of kinetic data, single and
multiple reactions in ideal reactors, kinetics of enzyme reactions (Michaelis-Mentenand Monod
models), non-ideal reactors; residence time distribution, single parameter model; non- isothermal
reactors; kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions; diffusion effects in catalysis; rate and
performance equations for catalyst deactivation.

Instrumentation and Process Control

Measurement of process variables; sensors and transducers; P&ID equipment symbols; process
modeling and linearization, transfer functions and dynamic responses of various systems, systems with
inverse response, process reaction curve, controller modes (P, PI, and PID); control valves; transducer
dynamics; analysis of closed loop systems including stability, frequency response, controller tuning,
cascade and feed forward control.

Plant Design and Economics

Principles of process economics and cost estimation including depreciation and total annualized cost,
cost indices, rate of return, payback period, discounted cash flow, optimization in process design and
sizing of chemical engineering equipments such as heat exchangers and multistage contactors.

Chemical Technology
Inorganic chemical industries (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chlor-alkali industry), fertilizers
(Ammonia, Urea, SSP and TSP); natural products industries (Pulp and Paper, Sugar, Oil, and Fats);
petroleum refining and petrochemicals; polymerization industries (polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC
and polyester synthetic fibers).

Application in Oil & Gas Business

Operation & maintenance of Surface facilities (Separator, heater treater, crude stabilization, Storage
tank, static equipment, compressor & pumps etc.), Operation of Group gathering stations, offshore
Platforms, Artificial lift technology (Gas lift, sucker rod pumps etc).
Processing and recovery of value-added product (LPG, Naptha, C2, C3 etc.), Gas sweetening
operations, Gas dehydration operations etc.
Work over Rig operations, well head maintenance, Well completion & Testing etc. Various types of
well stimulation services (hydro-fracturing, Nitrogen Job, Acid job).
Project management, oil & gas pipeline, Health Safety & Environment related knowledge in oil & gas
sector.

7
 Electrical Engineering
Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values, Eigen vectors.
Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and improper
integrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series, Vector identities,
Directional derivatives, Line integral, Surface integral, Volume integral, Stokes’s theorem, Gauss’s
theorem, Divergence theorem, Green’s theorem.
Differential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential
equations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s equation, Euler’s
equation, Initial and boundary value problems, Partial Differential Equations, Method of separation of
variables.
Complex Variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor
series, Laurent series, Residue theorem, Solution integrals.
Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, Median, Mode,
Standard Deviation, Random variables, Discrete and Continuous distributions, Poisson distribution,
Normal distribution, Binomial distribution, Correlation analysis, Regression analysis.

Electric circuits
Network Elements: Ideal voltage and current sources, dependent sources, R, L, C, M elements;
Network solution methods: KCL, KVL, Node and Mesh analysis; Network Theorems: Thevenin’s,
Norton’s, Superposition and Maximum Power Transfer theorem; Transient response of DC and AC
networks, sinusoidal steady-state analysis, resonance, two port networks, balanced three phase circuits,
star-delta transformation, complex power and power factor in AC circuits.

Electromagnetic Fields
Coulomb's Law, Electric Field Intensity, Electric Flux Density, Gauss's Law, Divergence, Electric field
and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions, Effect of dielectric medium,
Capacitance of simple configurations, Biot‐Savart’s law, Ampere’s law, Curl, Faraday’s law, Lorentz
force, Inductance, Magnetomotive force, Reluctance, Magnetic circuits, Self and Mutual inductance of
simple configurations.

Signals and Systems

Representation of continuous and discrete time signals, shifting and scaling properties, linear time
invariant and causal systems, Fourier series representation of continuous and discrete time periodic
signals, sampling theorem, Applications of Fourier Transform for continuous and discrete time signals,
Laplace Transform and Z transform. R.M.S. value, average value calculation for any general periodic
waveform.

Electrical Machines
Single phase transformer: equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, open circuit and short circuit tests,
regulation and efficiency; Three-phase transformers: connections, vector groups, parallel operation;
Auto-transformer, Electromechanical energy conversion principles; DC machines: separately excited,
series and shunt, motoring and generating mode of operation and their characteristics, speed control of
dc motors; Three-phase induction machines: principle of operation, types, performance, torque-speed
characteristics, no-load and blocked-rotor tests, equivalent circuit, starting and speed control; Operating
principle of single-phase induction motors; Synchronous machines: cylindrical and salient pole
machines, performance and characteristics, regulation and parallel operation of generators, starting of
synchronous motors; Types of losses and efficiency calculations of electric machines.

Power Systems
Basic concepts of electrical power generation, AC and DC transmission concepts, Models and
performance of transmission lines and cables, Economic Load Dispatch (with and without considering
transmission losses), Series and shunt compensation, Electric field distribution and insulators,
Distribution systems, Per‐unit quantities, Bus admittance matrix, Gauss- Seidel and Newton-Raphson
load flow methods, Voltage and Frequency control, Power factor correction, Symmetrical components,

8
Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis, Principles of over‐ current, differential, directional and
distance protection; Circuit breakers, System stability concepts, Equal area criterion.

Control Systems
Mathematical modelling and representation of systems, Feedback principle, transfer function, Block
diagrams and Signal flow graphs, Transient and Steady‐state analysis of linear time invariant systems,
Stability analysis using Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist criteria, Bode plots, Root loci, Lag, Lead and Lead‐
Lag compensators; P, PI and PID controllers; State space model, Solution of state equations of LTI
systems.

Electrical and Electronic Measurements

Bridges and Potentiometers, Measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor;
Instrument transformers, Digital voltmeters and multi-meters, Phase, Time and Frequency
measurement; Oscilloscopes, Error analysis.

Analog and Digital Electronics

Simple diode circuits: clipping, clamping, rectifiers; Amplifiers: biasing, equivalent circuit and
frequency response; oscillators and feedback amplifiers; operational amplifiers: characteristics and
applications; single stage active filters, Active Filters: Sallen Key, Butterwoth, VCOs and timers,
combinatorial and sequential logic circuits, multiplexers, demultiplexers, Schmitt triggers, sample and
hold circuits, A/D and D/A converters.

Power Electronics
Static V-I characteristics and firing/gating circuits for Thyristor, MOSFET, IGBT; DC to DC
conversion: Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost Converters; Single and three-phase configuration of
uncontrolled rectifiers; Voltage and Current commutated Thyristor based converters; Bidirectional ac
to dc voltage source converters; Magnitude and Phase of line current harmonics for uncontrolled and
thyristor based converters; Power factor and Distortion Factor of AC to DC converters; Single- phase
and three-phase voltage and current source inverters, sinusoidal pulse width modulation.

9
 Geology

Section 1
Earth and planetary system – terrestrial planets and moons of the solar system; size, shape, internal
structure and composition of the earth; concept of isostasy; elements of seismology – body and surface
waves, propagation of body waves in the earth’s interior; Heat flow within the earth; Gravitational field
of the Earth; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism; continental drift; plate tectonics – relationship with
earthquakes, volcanism and mountain building; continental and oceanic crust – composition, structure
and thickness.
Weathering and soil formation; landforms created by river, wind, glacier, ocean and volcanoes. Basic
structural geology - stress, strain and material response; brittle and ductile deformation; nomenclature
and classification of folds and faults.
Crystallography – basic crystal symmetry and concept of point groups. Mineralogy – silicate crystal
structure and determinative mineralogy of common rock forming minerals.
Petrology of common igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
Geological time scale; Geochronology and absolute time. Stratigraphic principles; major
stratigraphic divisions of India. Mineral, coal and petroleum resources of India. Introduction to remote
sensing. Engineering properties of rocks and soils. Elements of hydrogeology.
Principles and applications of gravity, magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, seismic and radiometric
methods of prospecting for oil, mineral and ground water; introductory well logging.

Section 2
Geomorphology: Geomorphic processes and agents; development and evolution of landforms in
continental and oceanic settings; tectonic geomorphology.
Structural Geology: Forces and mechanism of rock deformation; primary and secondary structures;
geometry and genesis of planar and linear structures (bedding, cleavage, schistosity, lineation); folds,
faults, joints and unconformities; Stereographic projection; shear zones, thrusts and superposed folding;
basement-cover relationship. Interpretation of geological maps.
Crystallography and Mineralogy: Elements of crystal symmetry, form and twinning; crystallographic
projection; crystal chemistry; classification of minerals, physical and optical properties of rock- forming
minerals.
Geochemistry: Cosmic abundance of elements; meteorites; geochemical evolution of the earth;
geochemical cycles; distribution of major, minor and trace elements in crust and mantle; elements of
high temperature and low temperature geochemical thermodynamics; isotopic evolution of the crust
and the mantle, mantle reservoirs; geochemistry of water and water-rock interaction.
Igneous Petrology: Classification, forms, textures and genesis of common igneous rocks; magmatic
differentiation; binary and ternary phase diagrams; major and trace elements as monitors of partial
melting and magma evolutionary processes. Mantle plumes, hotspots and large igneous provinces.
Sedimentology: Texture, structure and sedimentary processes; petrology of common sedimentary
rocks; Sedimentary facies and environments, cyclicities in sedimentary succession; provencance and
basin analysis. Important sedimentary basins of India.
Metamorphic Petrology: Structures and textures of metamorphic rocks. Physico-chemical conditions
of metamorphism and concept of metamorphic facies, grade and baric types; chemographic projections;
metamorphism of pelitic, mafic and impure carbonate rocks; role of bulk composition including fluids
in metamorphism; thermobarometry and metamorphic P-T-t paths, and their tectonic significance.
Paleobiology: Diversity of life through time, mass extinctions- causes and effects; taphonomy -
processes of fossilization. Taxonomy. Morphology and functional morphology of invertebrates
(bivalves, brachiopods, gastropods, echinoids, ammonites); microfossils (foraminifera, ostracoda,
conodonts, bryozoa); Vertebrate paleonology (Equus, Probicidea, Human); Paleobotany (plant, spores,
pollens). Basic concepts of ecology/paleoecology; classification - ecological and taxonomic schemes
(diversity and richness). Fossils and paleoenvironments.
Stratigraphy: Principles of stratigraphy and concepts of correlation; Lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy
and chronostratigraphy. Principles of sequence stratigraphy and applications. Stratigraphy of peninsular
and extra-peninsular India. Boundary problems in Indian stratigraphy.

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Resource Geology: Ore-mineralogy; ore forming processes vis-à-vis ore-rock association (magmatic,
hydrothermal, sedimentary, supergene and metamorphogenic ores); fluid inclusions as ore genetic tools.
Coal and petroleum geology; marine mineral resources. Prospecting and exploration of economic
mineral deposits - sampling, ore reserve estimation, geostatistics, mining methods. Ore dressing and
mineral economics. Distribution of mineral, fossil and nuclear fuel deposits in India.
Global Tectonics: Plate motions, driving mechanisms, plate boundaries, supercontinent cycles.
Applied Geology: Physico-mechanical properties of rocks and soils; rock index tests; Rock failure
criteria (Mohr-Coulomb, Griffith and Hoek-Brown criteria); shear strength of rock discontinuities; rock
mass classifications (RMR and Q Systems); in-situ stresses; rocks as construction materials; geological
factors in the construction of engineering structures including dams, tunnels and excavation sites.
Analysis of slope stability.
Natural hazards (landslide, volcanic, seismogenic, coastal) and mitigation. Principles of climate change.
Hydrogeology: Groundwater flow and exploration, well hydraulics and water quality.
Basic Principles of Remote Sensing: energy sources and radiation principles, atmospheric absorption,
interaction of energy with earth’s surface, aerial-photo interpretation, multispectral remote sensing in
visible, infrared, thermal IR and microwave regions, digital processing of satellite images. GIS – basic
concepts, raster and vector mode operations.

11
 Geophysics

Section 1
Earth and planetary system – terrestrial planets and moons of the solar system; size, shape, internal
structure and composition of the earth; concept of isostasy; elements of seismology – body and surface
waves, propagation of body waves in the earth’s interior; Heat flow within the earth; Gravitational field
of the Earth; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism; continental drift; plate tectonics – relationship with
earthquakes, volcanism and mountain building; continental and oceanic crust – composition, structure
and thickness.
Weathering and soil formation; landforms created by river, wind, glacier, ocean and volcanoes.
Basic structural geology - stress, strain and material response; brittle and ductile deformation;
nomenclature and classification of folds and faults.
Crystallography – basic crystal symmetry and concept of point groups. Mineralogy – silicate crystal
structure and determinative mineralogy of common rock forming minerals.
Petrology of common igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
Geological time scale; Geochronology and absolute time. Stratigraphic principles; major
stratigraphic divisions of India.
Mineral, coal and petroleum resources of India. Introduction to remote sensing.
Engineering properties of rocks and soils. Elements of hydrogeology.
Principles and applications of gravity, magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, seismic and radiometric
methods of prospecting for oil, mineral and ground water; introductory well logging.

Section 2
Solid-Earth Geophysics: The earth as a planet; different motions of the earth; gravity field of the earth,
Clairaut’s theorem, size and shape of earth; geomagnetic field, paleomagnetism; Geothermics and heat
flow; seismology and interior of the earth; variation of density, velocity, pressure, temperature,
electrical and magnetic properties of the earth.
Geodesy: Gravitational Field of the Earth; Geoid; Ellipsoid; Geodetic Reference Systems; Datum;
Everest (1830) and WGS 84 (1984) systems; GPS and DGPS; Levelling and Surveying.
Earthquake Seismology: Elements of elasticity theory- stress and strain tensors, Generalized Hooke’s
Law; Body and Surface Waves; Rotational, dilatational, irrorational and equivolumnal waves.
Reflection and refraction of elastic waves; Inhomogenous and evanescent waves and bounded waves;
Eikonal Equation and Ray theory; earthquakes-causes and measurements, magnitude and intensity,
focal mechanisms; earthquake quantification, source characteristics, seismotectonics and seismic
hazards; digital seismographs, Earthquake statistics, wave propogation in elastic media, quantifying
earthquake source from seismological data. Elements of Seismic Tomography.
Potential and Time Varying Fields: Scalar and vector potential fields; Laplace, Maxwell and
Helmholtz equations for solution of different types of boundary value problems in Cartesian, cylindrical
and spherical polar coordinates; Green’s theorem; Image theory; integral equations in potential and
time-varying field theory.
Gravity Methods: Absolute and relative gravity measurements; Gravimeters; Land, airborne,
shipborne and bore-hole gravity surveys; Tensorial Gravity sensors and surveys; various corrections for
gravity data reduction – free air, Bouguer and isostatic anomalies; density estimates of rocks; regional
and residual gravity separation; principle of equivalent stratum; data enhancement techniques, upward
and downward continuation; derivative maps, wavelength filtering; preparation and analysis of gravity
maps; gravity anomalies and their interpretation – anomalies due to geometrical and irregular shaped
bodies, depth rules, calculation of mass.
Magnetic Methods: Elements of Earth’s magnetic field, units of measurement, magnetic susceptibility
of rocks and measurements, magnetometers and magnetic gradiometers, Land, airborne and marine
magnetic and magnetic gradiometer surveys, Various corrections applied to magnetic data, IGRF,
Reduction to Pole transformation, Poisson’s relation of gravity and magnetic potential field, preparation
of magnetic maps, upward and downward continuation, magnetic anomalies due to geometrical and
irregular shaped bodies; Image processing concepts in processing of magnetic anomaly maps; Depth
rules; Interpretation of processed magnetic anomaly data; derivative, analytic signal and Euler Depth
Solutions. Applications of gravity and magnetic methods for mineral and oil exploration.

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Electrical Methods: Conduction of electricity through rocks, electrical conductivities of metals, non-
metals, rock forming minerals and different rocks, concepts of D.C. resistivity measurement and depth
of investigation; Apparent Resistivity and Apparent Chargeability, Concept of Negative Apparent
Resistivity and Negative Apparent Chargeability; Theory of Reciprocity, Sounding and Profiling,
Various electrode arrangements, application of linear filter theory, Sounding curves over multi-layered
earth, Dar-Zarrouk parameters, reduction of layers, Triangle of anisotropy, interpretation of resistivity
field data, Principles of equivalence and suppression, self-potential method and its origin; Electrical
Resitivity Tomography (ERT); Induced polarization, time and frequency domain IP measurements;
interpretation and applications of SP, resistivity and IP data sets for ground-water exploration, mineral
exploration, environmental and engineering applications.
Electromagnetic Methods: Geo-electromagnetic spectrum; Biot Savart’s Law; Maxwell’s Equation,
Helmotz Equation, Basic concept of EM induction in the earth, Skin-depth, elliptic polarization, in-
phase and quadrature components, phasor diagrams; Response function and response parameters;
Ground and Airborne Methods, measurements in different source-receiver configurations; Earth’s
natural electromagnetic methods-tellurics, geomagnetic depth sounding and magnetotellurics;
Electromagnetic profiling and Sounding, Time domain EM method; EM scale modelling, processing of
EM data and interpretation; Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Methods; Effect of conducting
overburden; Geological applications including groundwater, mineral environmental and hydrocarbon
exploration.
Seismic Methods: Elastic properties of earth materials; Reflection, refraction and CDP surveys; land
and marine seismic sources, generation and propagation of elastic waves, velocity – depth models,
geophones, hydrophones, digital recording systems, digital formats, field layouts, seismic noise and
noise profile analysis, optimum geophone grouping, noise cancellation by shot and geophone arrays,
2D, 3D and 4D seismic data acquisition, processing and interpretation;
CDP stacking charts, binning, filtering, static and dynamic corrections, Digital seismic data processing,
seismic deconvolution and migration methods, attribute analysis, bright and dim spots, seismic
stratigraphy, high resolution seismics, VSP, AVO, multi-component seismics and seismic
interferometry.
Reservoir geophysics: Rock Physics and Petrophysics, Geophysical Survey Design.
Geophysical Signal Processing: Sampling theorem, Nyquist frequency, aliasing, Fourier series,
periodic waveform, Fourier and Hilbert transform, Z-transform and wavelet transform; power spectrum,
delta function, auto correlation, cross correlation, convolution, deconvolution, principles of digital
filters, windows, poles and zeros.
Geophysical Well Logging: Principles and techniques of geophysical well-logging, SP, resistivity,
induction, gamma ray, neutron, density, sonic, temperature, dip meter, caliper, nuclear magnetic
resonance- longitudinal and transverse relaxation, CPMG sequence, porosity characterization, cement
bond logging, micro-logs. Pulsed Neutron Devices and Spectroscopy Multi-Array and Triaxial
Induction Devices; Quantitative evaluation of formations from well logs; Logging while drilling; High
angle and horizontal wells; Clay Quantification; Lithology and Porosity Estimation; Saturation and
Permeability Estimation; application of bore hole geophysics in ground water, mineral and oil
exploration.
Radioactive Methods: Prospecting and assaying of mineral (radioactive and non-radioactive) deposits,
half-life, decay constant, radioactive equilibrium, G M counter, scintillation detector, semiconductor
devices, application of radiometric for exploration, assaying and radioactive waste disposal.
Geophysical Inversion: Basic concepts of forward and inverse problems, Ill-posedness of inverse
problems, condition number, non-uniqueness and stability of solutions; L1, L2 and Lp norms, over
determined, underdetermined and mixed determined inverse problems, quasi-linear and non-linear
methods including Tikhonov’s regularization method, Singular Value Decomposition, Backus- Gilbert
method, simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, swarm intelligence, machine learning and artificial
neural networks. Statistics of misfit and likelihood, Bayesian construction of posterior probabilities,
sparsity promoting L1 optimization. Ambiguity and uncertainty in geophysical interpretation.

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 Physics
Mathematical Physics
Vector Calculus: Linear vector space: basis, orthogonality and completeness; matrices; similarity
transformations, diagonalization, eigen values and eigen vectors; linear differential equations: second
order linear differential equations and solutions involving special functions; complex analysis: Cauchy-
Riemann conditions, Cauchy's theorem, singularities, residue theorem and applications; Laplace
transform, Fourier analysis; elementary ideas about tensors: covariant and contravariant tensors.

Classical Mechanics
Lagrangian Formulation: D'Alembert's principle, Euler-Lagrange equation, Hamilton's principle,
calculus of variations; symmetry and conservation laws; central force motion: Kepler problem and
Rutherford scattering; small oscillations: coupled oscillations and normal modes; rigid body dynamics:
interia tensor, orthogonal transformations, Euler angles, Torque free motion of a symmetric top;
Hamiltonian and Hamilton's equations of motion; Liouville's theorem; canonical transformations:
action-angle variables, Poisson brackets, Hamilton-Jacobi equation.
Special Theory of Relativity: Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics, mass-energy
equivalence.

Electromagnetic Theory
Solutions of electrostatic and magnetostatic problems including boundary value problems; method of
images; separation of variables; dielectrics and conductors; magnetic materials; multipole expansion;
Maxwell's equations; scalar and vector potentials; Coulomb and Lorentz gauges; electromagnetic waves
in free space, non-conducting and conducting media; reflection and transmission at normal and oblique
incidences; polarization of electromagnetic waves; Poynting vector, Poynting theorem, energy and
momentum of electromagnetic waves; radiation from a moving charge.

Quantum Mechanics
Postulates of quantum mechanics; uncertainty principle; Schrodinger equation; Dirac Bra-Ket notation,
linear vectors and operators in Hilbert space; one dimensional potentials: step potential, finite
rectangular well, tunneling from a potential barrier, particle in a box, harmonic oscillator; two and three
dimensional systems: concept of degeneracy; hydrogen atom; angular momentum and spin; addition of
angular momenta; variational method and WKB approximation, time independent perturbation theory;
elementary scattering theory, Born approximation; symmetries in quantum mechanical systems.

Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics

Laws of thermodynamics; macrostates and microstates; phase space; ensembles; partition function, free
energy, calculation of thermodynamic quantities; classical and quantum statistics; degenerate Fermi
gas; black body radiation and Planck's distribution law; Bose-Einstein condensation; first and second
order phase transitions, phase equilibria, critical point.

Atomic and Molecular Physics

Spectra of one-and many-electron atoms; spin-orbit interaction: LS and jj couplings; fine and hyperfine
structures; Zeeman and Stark effects; electric dipole transitions and selection rules; rotational and
vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic transitions in diatomic molecules, Franck-Condon
principle; Raman effect; EPR, NMR, ESR, X-ray spectra; lasers: Einstein coefficients, population
inversion, two and three level systems.

Solid State Physics

Elements of crystallography; diffraction methods for structure determination; bonding in solids; lattice
vibrations and thermal properties of solids; free electron theory; band theory of solids: nearly free
electron and tight binding models; metals, semiconductors and insulators; conductivity, mobility and
effective mass; Optical properties of solids; Kramer's-Kronig relation, intra- and inter-band transitions;
dielectric properties of solid; dielectric function, polarizability, ferroelectricity; magnetic properties of
solids; dia, para, ferro, antiferro and ferri-magnetism, domains and magnetic anisotropy;

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superconductivity: Type-I and Type II superconductors, Meissner effect, London equation, BCS
Theory, flux quantization.

Electronics
Semiconductors in Equilibrium: Electron and hole statistics in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors;
metal-semiconductor junctions; Ohmic and rectifying contacts; PN diodes, bipolar junction transistors,
field effect transistors; negative and positive feedback circuits; oscillators, operational amplifiers, active
filters; basics of digital logic circuits, combinational and sequential circuits, flip-flops, timers, counters,
registers, A/D and D/A conversion.

Nuclear and Particle Physics

Nuclear radii and charge distributions, nuclear binding energy, electric and magnetic moments; semi-
empirical mass formula; nuclear models; liquid drop model, nuclear shell model; nuclear force and two
nucleon problem; alpha decay, beta-decay, electromagnetic transitions in nuclei; Rutherford scattering,
nuclear reactions, conservation laws; fission and fusion; particle accelerators and detectors; elementary
particles; photons, baryons, mesons and leptons; quark model; conservation laws, isospin symmetry,
charge conjugation, parity and time-reversal invariance.
Natural Radioactivity: half-life, decay constant, radioactive equilibrium, GM counter, scintillation
detector, semiconductor devices, application of radiometry, assaying and radioactive waste disposal.

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