Scribd
Upload
51 views

unit 4 sustainable development

Uploaded by

fatimazahrarhioui70
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
51 views

unit 4 sustainable development

Uploaded by

fatimazahrarhioui70
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Date:………………………………………….

Teacher :EL khadiri marieme


Unit 4: Sustainable Development

Vocabulary: sustainable Development

Sustainable development is a process for meeting human development goals while sustaining the ability of natural
systems to continue to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which
the economy and society depends.
Sustainability can be defined as the practice of maintaining processes of productivity indefinitely—natural or
human made—by replacing resources used with resources of equal or greater value without degrading or
endangering natural systems.
Goals of Sustainable Development:
1. Improving the quality of life and services for people.
2. Meeting the basic human needs of the world's poor: food, water, shelter, jobs, and health.
3. Stop using up natural resources beyond the capacity of the environment.
COLLOCATIONS
Civil society-
Non-governmental organization (NGOs)-
Sustainable development-
Renewable energies-
Urban areas
Rural areas
.Green areas
Water shortage
Armed conflicts
Micro credits
Natural resources
Ecomonic growth
Financial support
Birth rate
Global warming

SOCIETY Environment Economy


Social solidarity and cooperation. biodiversity. Lower the rate of imports and increase
Good citizenship. Saving water and energy. the rate of exports.
Give importance to disabled people. Stop deforestation. Keep the economic growth.
Equality and mutual respect. Encouraging gardening and cultivating. Providing better working conditions.
Stop racism and violence. Prevention of pollution and avoid Sustain vibrant and vital communities.
Provide better education. throwing rubbish in the streets.
Diversity of cultures and values Reuse and recycling of waste.

1) Biodiversity: The variety of animals and plants in a particular environmental area


2) Exports : The business of selling and sending goods to other countries.
3) Vibrant communities: energetic, exciting and enthusiastic groups of people.
4) Deforestation: the cutting down of trees in a large area; the destruction of forests by people.
5) Recycling : when paper, glass, plastic, etc. is put through a process so that it can be used again
6) Solidarity : agreement between and support for the members of a group.
Date:…………………………………………. Teacher :EL khadiri marieme
Unit 4: Sustainable Development

FUNCTION: Express Cause and Effect

Expressions of cause and effect.


Cause Effect / Consequence

Because/as/ since+ As a result, so, Hence, Therefore, As a


SUBJECT+VERB+OBJECT/COMPLEMENT consequence, Consequently
Because of/ Due to / owing to/ thanks to + GERUND
/NOUN PHRASE
Examples:
1. Mounir had to stay in hospital because of his illness was serious.
2. Thanks to the literacy classes, my grandmother can now read and write.
3. Air pollution is increasing because factories continue to produce smoke.
4. Because of global warming, the climate has changed considerably.
5. Generally, road accidents are due to Drivers’ carelessness.
Example:
Omar forgot his math book. So, he was unable to complete his homework.
Cause: Omar forgot his math book.
Effect: He was unable to complete his homework.
6. Ghita couldn't find the cookies because her father hid them in the cupboard. == expressing cause
7. Kelly studied her spelling words. Hence, she got an A on the test.===expressing effect

PRACTICE
Exercise A: Fill the gaps with the appropriate item from the list
As a result-Because-Due to-Because of-So
1. They gained a strong health ---------------they practice sport.
2. Rachid was late-------------- living far away from home.
3. I wake up early,-------------I can come on time
4. Educated people emigrate to developed countries. ---------------,their home countries lose them.
5. Students succeed---------------hard work
Exercise B: Join the pairs of sentences with the words given
1. Bob was late. He missed the bus. (As a result)
……………………………………………………………………………………..
13224. He smocks all the time. He becomes sick. ( because of)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
13264. . It receives more tourists every year. Morocco invests in tourism. ( Therefore
……………………………………………………………………………………
13312. Youths have less jobs in the countryside. They emigrate to big cities. ( As a consequence)
……………………………………………………………………………………..
13352. Many parents are not aware of the importance of education. They don’t send them to school.
( Because of)
Date:…………………………………………. Teacher :EL khadiri marieme
Unit 4: Sustainable Development
…………………………………………………………………………………………
13392. They cancelled the match. There was heavy rain. (Due to)
…………………………………………………………………………………………

Grammar: Future perfect


By the time he finishes working today, He will have assembled over 50 cars.
Use: We use the future perfect to talk about a future action that will be already finished by a certain time
in the future.

THE FUTURE FORMS


SIMPLE FUTURE FUTURE PERFECT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Subject+will(not) Subject+will Subject+will (not)have
+verb(infinitive) (not)have+past been +verbing
participle of the verb
Will + Subject + have +
Participle + ?

TENSE THE SITUATION THE EXAMPLE

FUTURE SIMPLE Future predictions based on what RAJA will probably win the
we think. tournament in Agadir.

FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE Actions which will have finished We will have finished this lesson
before a future stated time. by 5 o’clock.

FUTURE PERFECT Emphasis on the time of an action By the end of next July , most
CONTINOUS up to a certain time in the future. students will have been studying at
Temsamane High School for 3
years.
EXAMPLES:
A. Morocco will have built 10 water reservoirs by the end of next year.
B.By this time next year, most students will have got their BAC.
C.We will have been studying at school for four months by the end of this semester.
D. The students will have done the exercises by the end of this class.
E. By the end of July, the teacher will have been teaching for two years in Ain Aouda.
Practice
PUT THE VERBS IN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORM.
-By 2040, the number of illiterate adults in Morocco -------------- - (decrease).
Date:…………………………………………. Teacher :EL khadiri marieme
Unit 4: Sustainable Development

-By the time she is 30, she -------------- - (have) two children.
-By next year this time, I ---- ----------- (buy) a car.

You might also like