A REPORT ON

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Location: Thecho
Owner: Mr. Achyut KC
Prepared By: Er. Prajwal Kiju
NEC Registration No. 11067 “Civil” “A”
Date: 2080/04/25
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION....................................................................7
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................7
Description of the Building..................................................................................................................................9
Basic Data............................................................................................................................................................9
Relevant Codes followed...............................................................................................................................10
Basic Principal of Analysis of the structure Step for earthquake load...........................................................10
Software used for Analysis and Design.........................................................................................................10
Concrete and Steel Grade...............................................................................................................................10
Preliminary Design for proportioning of the Structural Elements.................................................................10
Chapter 2 : 3D MODELLING, ANALYIS AND DESIGN..............................................................................11
Modeling............................................................................................................................................................11
Design Methods of Structural Elements.............................................................................................................13
Limit State Method.............................................................................................................................................13
Analysis..............................................................................................................................................................14
Load Cases.........................................................................................................................................................14
Seismic Analysis................................................................................................................................................16
Design.................................................................................................................................................................18
Load Calculation................................................................................................................................................19
Design Parameters..............................................................................................................................................22
Story Drifts.........................................................................................................................................................29
Modal Result......................................................................................................................................................30
Chapter 3 SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULT AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULT..........................................32
Sample Column Design......................................................................................................................................32
Sample Beam Design.........................................................................................................................................34
Sample Slab Design...........................................................................................................................................35
Sample Staircase Design....................................................................................................................................36
Check for Irregularity.........................................................................................................................................38
Check for Mass Irregularity...........................................................................................................................38
Check for Stiffness Irregularity......................................................................................................................38
Check for Eccentricity....................................................................................................................................39
Check for Torsional Irregularity....................................................................................................................39
Strong Column Weak Beam Check...............................................................................................................39
Design of foundation..........................................................................................................................................42
Design of Isolated Footing.............................................................................................................................43
Chapter 4 DESIGN SUMMARY........................................................................................................................45
Column Design Summary..................................................................................................................................45
Beam Design Summary......................................................................................................................................46
Footing Design Summary...................................................................................................................................47
Slab Design Summary........................................................................................................................................47
Chapter 5 : ANNEXES, CONCULSION AND REFRENCES........................................................................48

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Annexes..............................................................................................................................................................48
Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................................63
References..........................................................................................................................................................64

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CHAPTER 1: GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION

Introduction
The basic aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the
intended purpose during its estimated life span, economical in terms of initial and
maintenance cost, durable and also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. A building is
considered to be structurally sound, if the individual elements and the building as a whole
satisfy the criteria for strength, stability and serviceability and in seismic areas additional
criteria for ductility and energy absorption capabilities. The overall building must be strong
enough to transfer all loads through the structure to the ground without collapsing or losing
structural integrity by rupture of the material at the critical sections, by transformation of
the whole or parts into mechanisms or by instability. This strength criterion is valid for all
loads that will normally be applied to the building during its lifetime. Accidents, overloading
and disasters are not directly related to design. However, concern is needed for the
structure to have structural integrity. A building needs to be designed for all loads acting on
it. Detailed structural designs are carried out and working drawings are to be prepared.
Safety is the prime concern of the structural design. Serviceability and economy are other
basic requirements that are to be considered during structural design. The building should
be designed not only for vertical loads, but also for horizontal loads such as wind and
earthquake loads. A building and its structural elements must be strong enough to transfer
all the loads acting on it safely to the ground. It should be able to withstand all loads acting
on it.

Nepal lies in seismically vulnerable zone. It is located in the boundary of the two colliding
tectonic plates- the Indian plate (Indo-Australian Plate) and the Tibetan plate (Eurasian
Plate) which is known as “Subduction Zone”. Records of earthquakes are available in Nepal
since 1255 A.D. Those records reveal that Nepal was hit by 18 major earthquakes since
then, resulting in huge loss of life and property. Out of these earthquakes, the 1833 and
1934 earthquakes were the most destructive ones.
Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the
building proof against it. Although we can design such robust structure, it would be too
expensive to build; it would be far cheaper to rebuild the building again instead of making it
completely earthquake proof. The structures are generally designed for much lower seismic
forces than what it may actually experience during its life time. Since the structure is
expected to undergo damage in the event of a severe shaking, reliance is placed on the
inelastic response of the structure beyond yield.
Therefore, structures have to be ductile and capable of dissipating energy through inelastic
actions. Ductility can be achieved by avoiding brittle modes of failures. Brittle modes of
failures include, shear and bond failure. Thus, structures should be designed on Weak
Beam-Strong column philosophy.

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The structural design alone is not enough to ensure the safety of the building, equally
important, is its construction. The role of the contractor is of paramount importance as he is
the one to execute the construction work at the site. He is required to execute the work
according to the drawings supplied by the consultant to him and detailing has to be carefully
followed. A large percentage of failure of the building is attributed to poor quality of
construction. Past experiences from damages have shown that quality of material and
workmanship plays an important role in good seismic behavior of the buildings. Hence,
quality assurance in construction is expected to gain good seismic performance.

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Description of the Building

Basic Data

General Features
Project Residential Building
Location Thecho

Architectural features
Type of Building Residential Building
Number of floors 3 floors
Height of story 3.15
Total Height of Building 9.45 m
No. of Staircase 1 no.
Height to width ratio 0.85
Length to width ratio 1.52
Wall and Partition Masonry walls

Structural Features
Structural system RCC Framed Structure
Foundation Type Isolated Footing
Column size 350mm x 350mm
Beam Size 230mm x 350mm ,230mm x 300mm
Slab 127 mm Overall Depth

Geotechnical Features
Soil Type Type D
Seismic Zone V (as per IS NBC 105:2020)
Allowable Bearing Capacity 130 KN/m3

Material
Grade of Concrete M20 for Column, beam slab and footing
Grade of Steel Fe500
Unit weight of Concrete 25 KN/m3
Unit weight of Masonry wall 19 KN/m3
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity 5000 √ fck
Poisson’s Ratio 0.2 for concrete
0.3 for rebar
This is a three storied residential building which include Ground floor, first floor, Second
floor and third floor. The floor-to-floor height is 3.15m. The building plan is rectangular in
shape. The maximum height of the building is 9.45m. The width of the building is 11.08m
and length is 16.92m.

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Relevant Codes followed

a. IS 456-2000 : For Design of Structural Elements
b. SP 16 : For Design Aid
c. SP 34 : For Detailing
d. NBC 105:2020: Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

Basic Principal of Analysis of the structure Step for earthquake load

1. National Building Code: NBC 105: 2020(Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal)

Basic Principal of Design of Foundation

1. Isolated Footing to support the structure.

Software used for Analysis and Design

a. ETABS 2018
b. Custom Software

Concrete and Steel Grade

Concrete Grade = M20 for Foundation, Beams and slabs

= M20 for Column
Steel Grade =Fe 500

Preliminary Design for proportioning of the Structural Elements

The tentative sizes of the Structural elements are determined through preliminary design so
that after analysis, the presumed dimensions may not deviate considerably, thus making the
final design both safe and economical. The tentative sizes have been determined as follows:

Slab: From Deflection Criteria [Effective Depth = Effective Shorter Span / (26 * MF)]

Beam: For Practical rule as 25mm Depth for 300mm of Span covering deflection criteria

Column: From evaluation of approximate gravity loading coming up to the critical Column.
To compensate for the possible eccentric Loading and earthquake loads the size is
increased by about 25 % in design.

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Chapter 2 : 3D MODELLING, ANALYIS AND DESIGN

Modeling
The structural system is designed as a Special Moment Resisting Frame structure. Therefore,
main components to be modeled are: Beams, Columns & Slabs. The analysis software used
for modeling the structure is the ETABS 2018.

Fig: Plan view of building in ETABS

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Fig: 3D view of building in ETABS

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Design Methods of Structural Elements

We have followed Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced
Concrete,
IS: 456 -2000 for design of Structural Elements.

Limit State Method based on safety and serviceability requirements associated with
the design loads and design strengths of the materials. These design loads and
design strengths are obtained by applying partial safety factors for characteristic
loads and strengths of the materials concrete and steel.

We have followed the limit state method which is incorporated in IS: 456-2000. It is
consistent with the new philosophy of design termed limit state approach which was
incorporated in the Russian Code – 1954, the British code BS 8110 – 1985 and the
American Code ACI 318 – 1989.

Effective Stiffness of Cracked Section

Flexural Shear
No Component Stiffness Stiffness
1 Beam 0.35 Ec Ig 0.40 Ec Aw
2 Columns 0.70 Ec Ig 0.40 Ec Aw
3 Wall—cracked 0.50 Ec Ig 0.40 Ec Aw
4 Wall—uncracked 0.80 Ec Ig 0.40 Ec Aw

Limit State Method

 Limit States
The Limit State method of design covers the various forms of failure. There are
several limit states at which the structure ceases to function, the most important
among them being,

a. The limit state of collapse or total failure of structure.

It corresponds to the maximum load carrying capacity. Violation of collapse implies
failure. This limit state corresponds to Flexure, Compression, Shear and Torsion.

b. The limit state of serviceability which includes excessive deflection and excessive
local damage.

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Analysis
The analysis has been carried out using a standard software package ETABS 2018 based on
finite element method. The software is capable of carrying out a Three-Dimensional
analysis. It is windows-based software. It has a user-friendly graphical input and output
interface. It can account for the rigid zones at the beam - column junction. It has a capability
to create a special joint at any grid intersection. The program has a facility to create shell
elements also. Shell elements can be used for the analysis of Slabs and Shear walls. A full 3D
finite element model using frame and shell elements can also be created using ETABS.
A Three-Dimensional Linear elastic analysis has been carried out. Structure is assumed to be
fixed at the Plinth level. The masonry wall load is distributed in the beams as uniformly
distributed loads. The beams are modeled as rectangular beams. A model based on Rigid
Diaphragm Concept has been considered. This is done by creating a special joint at the
center of mass of each floor level and constraining all the joints at this level by a diaphragm
constraint.

Load Cases
Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building as per IS 456-2000 and
NBC 105: 2020.

1. Dead Load (DL)

2. Live Load (LL)
3. Earthquake Load in +ve X-direction (EQx)
4. Earthquake Load in -ve X-direction (-EQx)
5. Earthquake Load in +ve Y-direction (EQy)
6. Earthquake Load in -ve Y-direction (-EQy)

Load Combination
Following load combinations have been adopted as per NBC 105:2020.
1.2DL + 1.5LL
DL + λLL + Ex
DL + λLL - Ex
DL + λLL + Ey
DL + λLL - Ey

Where, λ = 0.6 for storage facilities

= 0.3 for other usage
DL = Dead Load
LL = Live Load
EL = Earthquake Load

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Dead Loads
Dead loads are assumed to be produced by slab, beams, columns, walls, parapet walls,
staircase, plasters and mortars, Floor finish and water tank. The weight of building
materials is taken as per IS 875(Part 1)-1987).

Specific weight of materials [Ref: IS: 875(Part 1)-1987)]

Materials Unit weight
Reinforced Concrete 25 KN/m3
Brick Masonry 19 KN/m3
Floor Finishing (Screeding& Punning) 23 KN/m3
Cement Sand Plaster 20 KN/m3
Floor Finishing (Marble) 26 KN/m3

Live Loads
Live loads are applied on floor slabs on the basis of usage of rooms, as specified in IS 875
part II.
Rooms 2 KN/m2
Toilet/Bathrooms/Kitchens 2 KN/m2
Balcony/Stairs 3 KN/m2
Terrace/Roof 1.5 KN/m2

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Seismic Analysis

CALCULATION OF SEISMIC CO-EFFICENT AS PER NBC 105 :2020

Input:
Location of Building : Kathmandu
Type of Structure: Moment resisting
concrete frame
Type of Building : Reinforced Moment
Resisting Frame
Seismic Zoning Factor (Table 4.5 NBC 105-2020) Z= 0.35
Importance Factor : (Table 4.6 NBC 105-2020) I= 1
Height of Building : h= 9.46
Method of Analysis: Equivalent Static Method
Soil Type D

Period of Vibration :
For Reinforced Moment Resisting Frame T1 = 1.25*kt 0.506
h0.75 Sec
Lower Period of the Flat Part of the Spectrum Ta = 0
Upper Period of the Flat Part of the Spectrum Tc = 2
Peak Spectral Acceleration Normalised by PGA α= 2.25
Coefficent to control the descending branch of the K= 0.8
Spectrum

Ref Table 5.2 NBC 105 :2020

Ductility Factor for ULS State Ru = 4
Overstrength Factor for ULS State Ωu = 1.5
Overstrength Factor for SLS State Ωs = 1.25

Calculation of Spectral Shape Factor : C h (T)

Since Ta<=T1<=Tc Ch (T) = 2.250

Elastic Site Spectra for the Horizontal Loading (Clause C(T) = Ch(T) Z 0.788
4.1.1 NBC 105-2020) I=

Elastic Site Spectra for the Vertical Loading (Clause 4.2 Cv = 2/3*Z 0.233
NBC 105-2020)

Elastic Site Spectra for the SLS State (Clause 4.2 NBC Cs = 0.2 * C(T) 0.158
105-2020) =

Horizontal Base Shear Coefficient for Equivalent Static Method :

Horizontal Base Shear Coefficent at the ULS State
Cdu = C(T)/ (Ru Ωu) = 0.131
Horizontal Base Shear Coefficent at the SLS State
Cds = Cs/ Ωs = 0.126

Exponent related to the structural period k 1.00

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Load Patterns

Self
Name Type Weight Auto Load
Multiplier
Dead Dead 1
Live(normal) Live 0
Live (Storage) Live 0
Partition load Dead 0
Brick Masonry Dead 0
Parapet Wall Dead 0
Floor Finish Dead 0
Water Tank Dead 0
Stair Dead Dead 0
Stair Live Live 0
NBC
EQX-ULS Seismic 0
105:2020
NBC
EQY-ULS Seismic 0
105:2020
NBC
EQX-SLS Seismic 0
105:2020
NBC
EQY-SLS Seismic 0
105:2020

Mass Source

Include
Include Include Lateral Lump at
Added Load Pattern Multiplier
Elements Loads Only Stories
Mass
No No Yes Yes Yes Dead 1
No No Yes Yes Yes Live (Normal) 0.3
No No Yes Yes Yes Live (Storage) 0.6
No No Yes Yes Yes Partition Load 1
No No Yes Yes Yes Brick Masonry 1
No No Yes Yes Yes Parapet Wall 1
No No Yes Yes Yes Floor Finish 1
No No Yes Yes Yes Water Tank 1
No No Yes Yes Yes Stair Dead 1
No No Yes Yes Yes Stair Live 0.3

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Stiffness Modifier

Design
The design of reinforced concrete structural members includes selection of material
properties (grade of steel and concrete), shape and size of cross section, factor of safety and
amount of steel required. The design of reinforced concrete members are carried out using
limit state method as per IS 456: 2000. The limit state method is the modern and latest
design methodology. This method evolved around 1970’s. Limit state method is based on
the concept of multiple safety factors and attempts to provide adequate safety at the
ultimate loads and adequate serviceability at service loads.
For the design of the members, IS 456:2000 and design aid SP 16 has been used. Footings
have been checked for vertical loads and moments developed at the base due to dead load
and live load only. Square footings have been adopted from seismic point of view that
reversal stress may occur. And footing beams are provided for column at foundation for
more rigidity of building and also need for the column located at boundary. Longitudinal
reinforcement in beams and columns has been calculated based on critical load combination
among the thirteen load combinations. Spacing of the shear reinforcement has been
calculated as per the ductility criteria as defined in IS 13920 -1993. Some sample designs are
shown later on in this report.

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Load Calculation

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Fig: Wall Load applied on building in ETABS

Fig: Staircase Load applied on building in ETABS

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Fig: Live Load applied on building in ETABS

Fig: Floor Finish Load applied on building in ETABS

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Design Parameters
Followings factors are considered for earthquake resistant design of the building.
BASE SHEAR CALCULATION SHEET

AS PER IS 1893
Remarks
Height of the building (m) 9.45
Important factor 1.00
Seismic Weight (W) 3895.27 KN
Soil Type (II) 2.00 Medium Soil
3/4
Time Period in X direction (T) 1.25*Kt*(H) 0.506
Calculation of Spectral Shape Factor : Ch (T) 2.25
Ductility Factor for ULS State 4
Seismic zone factor (Z) 0.3500
Design horizontal seismic coefficient (ULS State) 0.131
Design seismic base shear
( VB) 510.281 KN

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Story Response - Auto Lateral Load to Stories

Summary Description
This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a selected load case or load
combination.
Input Data
Name StoryResp1
Display Type Auto lateral loads to stories Story Range All Stories
Load Pattern EQX Top Story Story 3
Load Set 1 Bottom Story Base

Plot

Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values
Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
Story3 9.4488 Top 78.234 0
Story2 6.2992 Top 245.9611 0
Story1 3.1496 Top 174.706 0
Base 0 Top 0 0

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Story Response - Auto Lateral Load to Stories

Summary Description
This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a selected load case or load
combination.
Input Data
Name StoryResp1
Display Type Auto lateral loads to stories Story Range All Stories
Load Pattern EQY Top Story Story 3
Load Set 1 Bottom Story Base

Plot

Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values

Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 9.4488 Top 0 78.234
Story2 6.2992 Top 0 245.9611
Story1 3.1496 Top 0 174.706
Base 0 Top 0 0

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Story Response- Maximum Story Displacement

Plot- In X-direction

Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values

Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 9.4488 Top 30.004 1.495
Story2 6.2992 Top 21.225 4.986
Story1 3.1496 Top 9.982 2.162
Base 0 Top 0 0

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Story Response- Maximum Story Displacement

Plot- In Y-direction

Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values

Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 9.4488 Top 1.576 31.219
Story2 6.2992 Top 2.05 23.671
Story1 3.1496 Top 0.99 10.884
Base 0 Top 0 0

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Story Response- Maximum Story Drifts

Plot- In X-direction

Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values

Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 9.4488 Top 0.002772 0.000121
Story2 6.2992 Top 0.003449 0.000776
Story1 3.1496 Top 0.003078 0.000595
Base 0 Top 0 0

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Story Response- Maximum Story Drifts

Plot- In Y-direction

Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values

Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 9.4488 Top 0.000083 0.002891
Story2 6.2992 Top 0.000285 0.003975
Story1 3.1496 Top 0.000227 0.003389
Base 0 Top 0 0

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Story Drifts
Load Directio X Y Z
Story Drift Label
Case/Combo n m m m
Story3 Eqx-SLS X 0.002562 13 11.2014 8.7884 9.4488
Story3 Eqx-SLS X 0.002666 13 11.2014 8.7884 9.4488
Story3 Eqx-SLS X 0.002466 9 11.2014 4.4196 9.4488
Story2 Eqx-SLS X 0.003161 14 15.0876 8.7884 6.2992
Story2 Eqx-SLS X 0.003317 14 15.0876 8.7884 6.2992
Story2 Eqx-SLS X 0.003006 14 15.0876 8.7884 6.2992
Story1 Eqx-SLS X 0.00281 14 15.0876 8.7884 3.1496
Story1 Eqx-SLS X 0.00296 14 15.0876 8.7884 3.1496
Story1 Eqx-SLS X 0.00266 14 15.0876 8.7884 3.1496
Story3 Eqx-ULS X 0.002664 13 11.2014 8.7884 9.4488
Story3 Eqx-ULS X 0.002772 13 11.2014 8.7884 9.4488
Story3 Eqx-ULS X 0.002564 9 11.2014 4.4196 9.4488
Story2 Eqx-ULS X 0.003287 14 15.0876 8.7884 6.2992
Story2 Eqx-ULS X 0.003449 14 15.0876 8.7884 6.2992
Story2 Eqx-ULS X 0.003125 14 15.0876 8.7884 6.2992
Story1 Eqx-ULS X 0.002922 14 15.0876 8.7884 3.1496
Story1 Eqx-ULS X 0.003078 14 15.0876 8.7884 3.1496
Story1 Eqx-ULS X 0.002766 14 15.0876 8.7884 3.1496
Story3 Eqy-SLS Y 0.002684 13 11.2014 8.7884 9.4488
Story3 Eqy-SLS Y 0.00278 13 11.2014 8.7884 9.4488
Story3 Eqy-SLS Y 0.002719 12 7.1374 8.7884 9.4488
Story2 Eqy-SLS Y 0.003477 14 15.0876 8.7884 6.2992
Story2 Eqy-SLS Y 0.003823 14 15.0876 8.7884 6.2992
Story2 Eqy-SLS Y 0.003529 6 0 4.4196 6.2992
Story1 Eqy-SLS Y 0.002921 14 15.0876 8.7884 3.1496
Story1 Eqy-SLS Y 0.003259 14 15.0876 8.7884 3.1496
Story1 Eqy-SLS Y 0.003181 6 0 4.4196 3.1496
Story3 Eqy-ULS Y 0.002791 13 11.2014 8.7884 9.4488
Story3 Eqy-ULS Y 0.002891 13 11.2014 8.7884 9.4488
Story3 Eqy-ULS Y 0.002827 12 7.1374 8.7884 9.4488
Story2 Eqy-ULS Y 0.003615 14 15.0876 8.7884 6.2992
Story2 Eqy-ULS Y 0.003975 14 15.0876 8.7884 6.2992
Story2 Eqy-ULS Y 0.003669 6 0 4.4196 6.2992
Story1 Eqy-ULS Y 0.003037 14 15.0876 8.7884 3.1496
Story1 Eqy-ULS Y 0.003389 14 15.0876 8.7884 3.1496
Story1 Eqy-ULS Y 0.003307 6 0 4.4196 3.1496

Maximum value of Story drift = 0.025 at ultimate limit state

=0.006 at serviceability limit state
It is seen that the story drift is within the safe limits.

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Modal Result

- Modal Periods and Frequencies

Circular
Frequenc Eigenvalu
Period Frequenc
Case Mode y e
sec y
cyc/sec rad²/sec²
rad/sec
Modal 1 0.685 1.46 9.1745 84.1719
Modal 2 0.658 1.52 9.5507 91.2162
Modal 3 0.542 1.845 11.5896 134.3181
Modal 4 0.286 3.501 21.9954 483.7981
Modal 5 0.283 3.538 22.233 494.3053
Modal 6 0.232 4.305 27.0464 731.5072
Modal 7 0.183 5.452 34.2559 1173.4643
Modal 8 0.182 5.498 34.5433 1193.2397
Modal 9 0.172 5.797 36.4252 1326.7936
Modal 10 0.009 117.35 737.3305 543656.315
780096.834
Modal 11 0.007 140.571 883.2309
4
839800.333
Modal 12 0.007 145.851 916.4062
3

- Modal Participating Mass Ratios (Part 1 of 2)

Period
Case Mode UX UY UZ Sum UX Sum UY Sum UZ
sec
Modal 1 0.685 0.0096 0.8197 0 0.0096 0.8197 0
Modal 2 0.658 0.7484 0.0158 0 0.758 0.8355 0
Modal 3 0.542 0.093 0.005 0 0.851 0.8404 0
Modal 4 0.286 0.0098 0.0818 0 0.8607 0.9223 0
Modal 5 0.283 0.0722 0.0096 0 0.933 0.9319 0
Modal 6 0.232 0.0001 3.812E-06 0 0.933 0.9319 0
Modal 7 0.183 0.0027 0.0639 0 0.9357 0.9957 0
Modal 8 0.182 0.0625 0.0032 0 0.9982 0.999 0
Modal 9 0.172 0.0018 0.001 0 1 1 0
Modal 10 0.009 0 0 0 1 1 0
Modal 11 0.007 0 0 0 1 1 0
Modal 12 0.007 0 0 0 1 1 0

- Modal Participating Mass Ratios (Part 2 of 2)

Case Mode RX RY RZ Sum RX Sum RY Sum RZ
Modal 1 0.192 0.0032 0.0088 0.192 0.0032 0.0088
Modal 2 0.0017 0.1906 0.0781 0.1937 0.1938 0.0869
Modal 3 0.0015 0.0002 0.7809 0.1952 0.194 0.8678
Modal 4 0.4684 0.0559 0.0007 0.6636 0.2499 0.8685
Modal 5 0.0536 0.4368 0.0187 0.7172 0.6867 0.8872
Modal 6 0 0.001 0.0302 0.7172 0.6877 0.9174
Modal 7 0.2679 0.0134 0.007 0.9852 0.7011 0.9244
Modal 8 0.0124 0.295 0.0064 0.9976 0.9961 0.9309
Modal 9 0.0024 0.0039 0.0691 1 1 1
Modal 10 0 0 0 1 1 1
Modal 11 0 0 0 1 1 1
Modal 12 0 0 0 1 1 1

- Modal Load Participation Ratios

Static Dynamic
Case Item Type Item
% %
Modal Acceleration UX 100 100
Modal Acceleration UY 100 100
Modal Acceleration UZ 0 0

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- Modal Direction Factors

Period
Case Mode UX UY UZ RZ
sec
Modal 1 0.685 0.013 0.981 0 0.007
Modal 2 0.658 0.91 0.018 0 0.073
Modal 3 0.542 0.122 0.016 0 0.862
Modal 4 0.286 0.111 0.886 0 0.002
Modal 5 0.283 0.836 0.097 0 0.067
Modal 6 0.232 0.003 0 0 0.997
Modal 7 0.183 0.033 0.917 0 0.05
Modal 8 0.182 0.906 0.052 0 0.042
Modal 9 0.172 0.067 0.032 0 0.901
Modal 10 0.009 0 0 0 1
Modal 11 0.007 0 0 0 1
Modal 12 0.007 0 0 0 1

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Chapter 3 SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULT AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULT

Sample Column Design

ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 C14 50 COL 350X350 DL+f*LL+Eqy Uls 0 3149.6 0.979

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
350 350 56 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
162.8704 88.4369 -3.9975 3.2574 3.2574 1605 1.31

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.798671 2799.6 -4.4511 0 3.2574
Minor Bend(M2) 0.802068 2799.6 38.5074 0 3.2574

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 16.0667 69.8945 41.1595 16.0667 387.95
Minor, Vu3 44.5863 69.9946 41.1595 16.1389 387.95

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Joint Shear Check/Design
Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
1225 16 1704.2134 447.9406 162.8704 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.889 350 6.388 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.889 350 6.416 12 No 0

Notes:
N/A: Not Applicable
N/C: Not Calculated
N/N: Not Needed

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Sample Beam Design

ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 B17 76 BEAM 230X350 DL+f*LL+Eqy Uls 4244.6 4419.6 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
230 350 230 0 35 35

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-42.204 7.8089 44.3234 1.0962

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-42.204 11.5836 0 -53.7876

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -53.7876 436 0 436 156
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 218 0 0 218
Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu
Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
51.3782 0 105.7011 27.1494 929.86
Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2
Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
7.8089 44.3234 180 300 564.49

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Sample Slab Design

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Sample Staircase Design

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Check for Irregularity

Check for Mass Irregularity
TABLE: Centers Of Mass And Rigidity

Diaphrag 0.5 OF EFFECTIVE MASS CHECK WITH RESPECT TO

Story m Mass X Mass Y OF ABOVE STOREY STORY ABOVE
IN X IN Y CHECK FOR X CHECK FOR Y
kg kg DIRECTION DIRECTION DIRECTION DIRECTION
Story3 D3 9817.33 9817.33
Story2 D2 63984.7 63984.7 4908.665 4908.665 TRUE TRUE
Story1 D1 110657.7 110657.7 31992.35 31992.35 TRUE TRUE

Check for Stiffness Irregularity

TABLE: Story Stiffness
Story Output Case Stiff X Stiff Y STORY CHECK
STIFFNESS FOR
FOR EACH STORY
kN/m kN/m FLOOR STIFFNESS
Story3 Eqx-ULS 9613.957 0
Story2 Eqx-ULS 33885.69 0 6729.7699 TRUE
Story1 Eqx-ULS 57913.476 0 23719.983 TRUE
Story3 Eqx-ULS 9524.78 0 40539.4332
Story2 Eqx-ULS 33497.239 0 6667.346 TRUE
Story1 Eqx-ULS 57654.454 0 23448.0673 TRUE
Story3 Eqx-ULS 9704.82 0 40358.1178
Story2 Eqx-ULS 34283.256 0 6793.374 TRUE
Story1 Eqx-ULS 58174.836 0 23998.2792 TRUE
Story3 Eqy-ULS 0 8947.278
Story2 Eqy-ULS 0 29887.305 6263.0946 TRUE
Story1 Eqy-ULS 0 53219.242 20921.1135 TRUE
Story3 Eqy-ULS 0 8892.105 37253.4694
Story2 Eqy-ULS 0 30048.23 6224.4735 TRUE
Story1 Eqy-ULS 0 53578.22 21033.761 TRUE
Story3 Eqy-ULS 0 9003.139 37504.754
Story2 Eqy-ULS 0 29728.096 6302.1973 TRUE
Story1 Eqy-ULS 0 52865.043 20809.6672 TRUE

Check for Eccentricity

Story Diaphrag XCM YCM XCCM YCCM XCR YCR ECCENTRICITY RESULT
m m m m m m m ex ey %ex %ey

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Story1 D1 7.7966 4.4913 7.7966 4.4913 7.9301 4.0421 0.134 -0.449 0.746 -4.13
Story2 D2 8.3941 4.9072 8.3941 4.9072 7.9042 3.9863 -0.49 -0.920 -2.74 -8.47
Story3 D3 9.1694 6.604 9.1694 6.604 8.9208 6.0392 -0.25 -0.564 -1.39 -5.2

Check for Torsional Irregularity

TABLE: Torsion Irrgeularity Check

Minimum Maximum
End End
Floor Load Deflection Deflection
Case mm mm Ratio Check
Load Case :Eqx
Story3 Rsx 25.53 28.36 1.11085 TRUE
Story3 Rsy 25.53 28.36 1.11085 TRUE
Load Case :Eqy
Story3 Rsx 28.733 29.475 1.025824 TRUE
Story3 Rsy 28.733 29.475 1.025824 TRUE

Strong Column Weak Beam Check

Proposed draft provisions & commentry on ductile detailingof RC
structures
subjected to seismic forces, C7.1.2
Ʃ Mc >= 1.2*ƩMb
where ƩMc = sum of the moment of resistance of the columns
ƩMb = sum of the moment of resistance of beams along each
principal plane of the joint
Check capacity of column
Along X-direction:
Column details
B= 350 mm
D= 350 mm
fck = 20 MPa
fy = 500 MPa
Factored axial load on column (Pu) = 460 KN
(taken from ETABS model for load case 1.5(DL-EQX)
0.18788
Pu/(fck bD) = 2
8-
Area of steel provided (Ast) = 16Φ= 1608 mm2
1.313
Percentage of steel (Pt) = %
Pt/ fck = 0.066
d' = 40
0.114285
d'/d = 7
From Sp-16, chart 48, 49
Mu/(fck bD2) = 0.17
Mu = 145.775 KNm
ƩMc = 291.55 KNm

Along X-direction

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For beam along A2-B2 For Beam B2-C2

B= 230 mm B= 230 mm
D= 350 mm D= 350 mm
fck = 20 MPa fck = 20 MPa
fy = 500 MPa fy = 500 MPa
d' = 25 mm d' = 25 mm
d= 325 mm d= 325 mm

d'/d = 0.077 d'/d = 0.077

Area of steel provided Area of steel provided
mm 2-16 dia +1-16
Ast = 2-16 dia +1-16 dia= 603 2 Ast = dia= 603 mm2
mm 2-16 dia
Asc = 2-16 dia = 402 2 Asc = = 402 mm2
Percentage of steel provided Percentage of steel provided
for for
Pt = 0.81% tensile Pt = 0.81% tensile
Pc = 0.54% for compression Pc = 0.54% for compression
From table 54 of SP16 From table 54 of SP16
For Hogging
For Hogging moment: moment:
Mu/bd2
Mu/bd2 = 2.77 = 2.77

Hogging moment = 67.294 KNm Hogging moment = 67.294 KNm

For Sagging
For Sagging moment: moment:
Mu/bd2
Mu/bd2 = 4.2 = 4.2

102.03
Sagging moment = 102.034 KNm Sagging moment = 4 KNm

1.2*ƩMb
= max[1.2*(67.2936875+102.03375), 1.2*(67.2936875+102.03375)]

186.260 KNm

Here we get 169.33

Ʃ Mc> 1.2*ƩMb
Hence the check is satisfied along X-
direction

Along Y-direction
For beam along C1-C2 For Beam C2-C3
B= 230 mm B= 230 mm
D= 350 mm D= 350 mm
fck = 20 MPa fck = 20 MPa
fy = 500 MPa fy = 500 MPa
d' = 25 mm d' = 25 mm
d= 325 mm d= 325 mm

d'/d = 0.077 d'/d = 0.077

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Area of steel provided Area of steel provided

mm 2-16 dia +1-16
Ast = 2-16 dia +1-16 dia= 603 2 Ast = dia= 603 mm2
mm 2-16 dia
Asc = 2-16 dia = 402 2 Asc = = 402 mm2
Percentage of steel provided Percentage of steel provided
for for
Pt = 0.81% tensile Pt = 0.81% tensile
Pc = 0.54% for compression Pc = 0.54% for compression
From table 54 of SP16 From table 54 of SP16
For Hogging
For Hogging moment: moment:
Mu/bd2
Mu/bd2 = 2.77 = 2.77

Hogging moment = 67.294 KNm Hogging moment = 67.294 KNm

For Sagging
For Sagging moment: moment:
Mu/bd2
Mu/bd2 = 3.9 = 3.9

Sagging moment = 94.746 KNm Sagging moment = 94.746 KNm

1.2*ƩMb
= max[1.2*(67.2936875+94.745625), 1.2*(67.2936875+94.745625)]

178.243 KNm
Here we get
Ʃ Mc> 1.2*ƩMb

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Design of foundation
The purpose of the foundation is to effectively support the superstructure by transmitting
the applied load effects to the soil below, without exceeding the safe bearing capacity of the
superstructure by ensuring settlement of the structure is within tolerable limits, and as
nearly uniform as possible.
The choice of the type of the foundation depends not only on the type of the superstructure
and the magnitude and types of reactions induced at the base of the superstructure, but
also on the nature of the soil strata on top of which the substructure is to be founded.
The foundation used for this building is isolated foundation. Bearing Capacity of Soil is
130KN/m2.

Fig: Joint Label

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Axial Non-
Axial Factored
Joint Label Factored
Load(KN)
Load(KN)
1 316.00 210.67
2 358.39 238.93
3 311.52 207.68
4 304.26 202.84
5 329.25 219.50
6 208.64 139.09
7 428.31 285.54
8 690.46 460.31
9 668.44 445.63
10 376.93 251.29
11 416.10 277.40
12 485.62 323.75
13 471.23 314.15
14 178.65 119.10

Design of Isolated Footing

Bearing Capacity 130 kN/m2

Steel grade, Fe 500
Charecteristic strength, fy 20
Cover, side 50 mm
bottom 75 mm
Footing Type F1
Coloumn (grid C2) of
column ID base
b, mm 350.00
size
d, mm 350.00
Pu, kN 460.31
Mu, kN-m 0.00
Foundation area m2 3.54
size of square footing m 1.88
take footing size m 1.89
Wt. of Column kN 46.03
Total Pu kN 506.34
eccentricity, e m 0.00
qa kN/m2 193.29
for solver 0.00
L m 1.97
Adopt, L m 2.00
ft 6.50

Depth of footing

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Max. BM method
P'1 kN 115.08
P'2 kN 115.08
Take P', max kN 115.08
if P'<qa OK
Dist of Col. From edge m 0.83
Stress at 0.825m kN/m2 115.08
2
Stress Diff. kN/m 0.00
Mxx kN-m 78.33
Calculation for eff. depth
Equivalent rec method
Resisting Width m 0.56
For solver 0.00
Depth,d mm 225.87

From trapezoidal section

For solver 0.00
Depth ,d mm 210.78
Adopt depth,d mm 230.00
D mm 400.00
inch 16.00
Punching Shear Check
Punching shear 0.39
Safe Capacity 1.12
OK
Reinforcement
For Solver 0.00
Ast mm2 964.72
Bar Dia mm 12.00
Spacing mm 215.00
inch c/c 6.00
No of Bars No. 14.00
Total No. of Bars No. 28.00
Length of Each Bar m 2.00

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Chapter 4 DESIGN SUMMARY

Column Design Summary
Design parameters:
Concrete Grade: M20
Steel Grade: Fe500
Clear Cover: 40mm
S. Column Column Column Column Dia Total
Floor Stirrups
No Grid Type Type Size B X D 25 20 16 12 bars
REC 350x350 GF 8 8
1 A1 C1
REC 350x350 FF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 GF 8 8
2 A2 C1
REC 350x350 FF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 GF 8 8
3 B1 C1
REC 350x350 FF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 GF 8 8
4 B2 C1
REC 350x350 FF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 GF 8 8
5 B3 C1
REC 350x350 FF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 GF 8 8
6 C1 C1
REC 350x350 FF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 GF 8 8
7 C2 C1 REC 350x350 FF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 SF 4 4 8
8mm @ at
REC 350x350 GF 8 8
100/150mm
8 C3 C1 REC 350x350 FF 4 4 8 c/c
REC 350x350 SF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 GF 8 8
9 D1 C1
REC 350x350 FF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 GF 8 8
10 D2 C1 REC 350x350 FF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 SF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 GF 8 8
11 D3 C1 REC 350x350 FF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 SF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 GF 8 8
12 E1 C1
REC 350x350 FF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 GF 8 8
13 E2 C1
REC 350x350 FF 4 4 8
REC 350x350 GF 8 8
14 E3 C1
REC 350x350 FF 4 4 8

Beam Design Summary

Design parameters:

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Concrete Grade: M20

Steel Grade: Fe500
Clear Cover: 25mm
Longitudinal
stirrups
Floor Beam Size Reinforcement
x-axis y-axis

2-16Ø Th. + 2-16Ø Th.

Top Bar
Ground 1-16Ø Ex. + 1-16Ø Ex.
230X350
Floor
Bottom Bar 2-16Ø Th. 2-16Ø Th.

2-16Ø Th. + 2-16Ø Th.

Top Bar
1-12Ø Ex. + 1-12Ø Ex.
First Floor 230X350
Bottom Bar 2-16Ø Th. 2-16Ø Th.
8mm @ at
2-12Ø Th. + 2-12Ø Th. 100/150mm
Top Bar
1-12Ø Ex. + 1-12Ø Ex. c/c
Second
230X350
Floor
Bottom Bar 2-12Ø Th. 2-12Ø Th.

Top Bar 3-12Ø Th. 3-12Ø Th.

Secondary
230X300
Beam
Bottom Bar 3-12Ø Th. 3-12Ø Th.

Top Bar 3-12Ø Th. 3-12Ø Th.

Plinth Beam 230X350
Bottom Bar 3-12Ø Th. 3-12Ø Th.

Footing Design Summary

Design parameters:
Concrete Grade: M20

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Steel Grade: Fe500

Clear Cover: 50mm
Column Depth Dedge Rebar Footin
Joint ID
Grid
Size Pu(KN) Size
(mm) (mm) Dia
Spacing
g Type
210.668 Isolated
A1 F2 5'0"x5'0" 500 250 12 mm 150mm
1 9 Footing
238.928 Isolated
B1 F2 5'0"x5'0" 500 250 12 mm 150mm
2 4 Footing
Isolated
C1 F2 207.678 5'0"x5'0" 500 250 12 mm 150mm
3 Footing
202.841 Isolated
D1 F2 5'0"x5'0" 500 250 12 mm 150mm
4 9 Footing
219.497 Isolated
E1 F2 5'0"x5'0" 500 250 12 mm 150mm
5 8 Footing
Isolated
A2 F2 139.093 5'0"x5'0" 500 300 12 mm 150mm
6 Footing
285.539 Isolated
B2 F2 5'0"x5'0" 500 300 12 mm 150mm
7 3 Footing
460.309 Isolated
C2 F1 6'6"x6'6" 500 250 12 mm 150mm
8 3 Footing
445.626 Isolated
D2 F1 6'6"x6'6" 500 250 12 mm 150mm
9 5 Footing
Isolated
E2 F2 251.286 5'0"x5'0" 500 250 12 mm 150mm
10 Footing
277.401 Isolated
B3 F2 5'0"x5'0" 500 250 12 mm 150mm
11 7 Footing
323.748 Isolated
C3 F1 6'6"x6'6" 500 250 12 mm 150mm
12 3 Footing
314.152 Isolated
D3 F1 6'6"x6'6" 500 300 12 mm 150mm
13 5 Footing
119.100 Isolated
E3 F2 5'0"x5'0" 500 250 12 mm 150mm
14 5 Footing

Slab Design Summary

Design parameters:
Concrete Grade: M20
Steel Grade: Fe500
Clear Cover: 20mm

Type size(m) Reinforcement Reinforcement Thickness

short long of Slab
8 mm @150c/c 8 mm @150c/c 127mm
S1 4.19m X 4.42m
S2(waist slab) 3.05m X 4.42m 10 mm @150 c/c 20 mm @ 150 c/c 150mm

Chapter 5 : ANNEXES, CONCULSION AND REFRENCES

Annexes

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Conclusion
Ductility and strength required to resist major earthquake can be achieved by following the
recommendations made in the standard codes of practice for earthquake resistant design.
After the analysis of the building components, the building is found to be safe against the
loads considered above. All the sections are found to be stressed within the permissible
limits due to axial, shear, flexural and torsional forces produced due to above forces. The
slab and foundations were checked manually. Shear stirrups is sufficiently provided so that
none of the elements are Vulnerable to shear failure and failure mode will be flexural, which
is more ductile. Bearing capacity of the soil is assumed to be 130 KN/m2. It is strongly
recommended to check the bearing capacity before construction so as to ensure the
assumed value is within safe limits. The structural safety would further depend upon the
effectiveness of construction procedures as well as collapse and serviceability criteria
followed during the construction phases.
Design and construction of the structure are inter – related jobs. A building behaves in a
manner how it has been built rather than what the intensions is during designing. A large
percentage of structural failures are attributed due to poor quality of construction.
Therefore, quality assurance is needed in both design and construction. Durable M20
concrete has been used in the foundation which is in contact with the soil. M25 grade is
used during analysis and design for columns and M20 for Beam and Slabs. Ductile detailing
has been extensively adopted while detailing.

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References
IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

IS: 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures (second revision) Part 1 – Dead loads Part 2 – Imposed loads

NBC 105: 2020 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic
forces - Code of Practice

SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978

SP: 34 – 1987

Jain, A.K.

Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing

Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem Chand and Bros, Rookie, 1999
Sinha, S. N.

Pillai,U.C. and Menon,D.

Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New
Delhi, 1996

Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New
Delhi, 2003

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