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Unit II Two Mark Question Bank

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Unit II Two Mark Question Bank

Uploaded by

felixanderson500
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© © All Rights Reserved
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UNIT – II

SPACE SEGMENT AND LINK DESIGN

TWO MARK QUESTION

1. Write short notes on station keeping.


It is the process of maintenance of satellite’s attitude against different factors that can cause
drift with time. Satellites need to have their orbits adjusted from time to time, because the satellite is
initially placed in the correct orbit, natural forces induce a progressive drift.

2. What is a propellant?
A solid or liquid substance burnt in a rocket for the purpose of producing thrust.

3. Define roll, pitch and yaw.


1. Rotation around the front-to-back axis is called roll.
2. Rotation around the side-to-side axis is called pitch.
3. Rotation around the vertical axis is called yaw.

4. What are the functions carried out in TT&C?


Telemetry- Gathering or measure information about satellite.
Tracking- track the satellite’s movement and send correction signals as Required Comment- send
information about the satellite to earth station.

5. What is meant by redundant receiver?


A duplicate receiver is provided so that if one fails, the other is automatically switched in.
The combination is referred to as a redundant receiver, meaning that although two are provided, only
one is in use at a given time

6. Write short notes on telemetry.


The telemetry system is present in the satellite, this subsystem collects data from many/all
sensors present in the satellite and retransmit it into the earth station.

7. Write short notes on tracking.


Tracking is nothing but to find the position of the satellite in space. Tracking is very
important during the transfer orbit and drift phase of the satellite launch. We know that lots of
disturbing forces may change the attitude and orbit of a satellite, so it is necessary to track the
satellite and send correction signals.

8. Define azimuth angle.


In land navigation, azimuth is usually denoted alpha, α, and defined as a horizontal angle
measured clockwise from a north base line or meridian. Azimuth has also been more generally
defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from any fixed reference plane or easily
established base direction line.

9. Define sun transit outage.


A Sun outage, Sun transit or Sun fade is an interruption in or distortion of geostationary
satellite signals caused by interference from solar radiation. The effect is due to the Sun's radiation
overwhelming the satellite signal.

10. Define graveyards for geo stationary satellites.


The gravity gradient resulting from the equatorial ellipticity causes the satellites in
geostationary orbit to drift to one of two stable points, which coincide with the minor axis of the
equatorial ellipse. These two points are separated by 180° on the equator and are at approximately
75° E longitude and 105° W longitude. Satellites in service are prevented from drifting to these
points through station-keeping maneuvers, described in Sec. 7.4. Because old, out-of-service
satellites eventually do drift to these points, they are referred to as “satellite graveyards.” It may be
noted that the effect of equatorial ellipticity is negligible on most other satellite orbits.

11. Write short notes on primary power sub system


The primary electrical power for operating the electronic equipment is obtained from solar
cells. Individual cells can generate only small amounts of power, and therefore, arrays of cells in
series-parallel connection are required.

12. What is albedo? How it is minimized?


Albedo is part of the energy from the sunlight that casts back into the atmosphere. These rays
have a significant effect on our climate. When the albedo rises, the universe reflects light more and
consequently, higher levels of radiation are sent back to space so the Earth cools down. Albedo
determines the level of heat on the Earth. It is now well known that most of the light from the sun
moves up once it hits the Earth.
It is minimized by,
 melting of large snow and ice areas,
 increasing the plant life of an area,
 reducing open water areas and and deepened water over shallow water has lower albedo,

13. What are geostationary satellites? Write the conditions for geo stationary satellites
Asatellite in a geostationary orbit appears to be stationary with respect to the earth, hence the
name geostationary. Three conditions are required for an orbit to be geostationary:
1. The satellite must travel eastward at the same rotational speed as the earth.
2. The orbit must be circular.
3. The inclination of the orbit must be zero.

14. What is meant by Pitch angle?


An angle produced by the movement of a spacecraft about an axis which is perpendicular to
its longitudinal axis is known as Pitch angle

15. What is meant by thermal control and why this is necessary in a satellite?
Equipment in the satellite generates heat which has to be removed. The element used in the
satellite to control thermal heat is called thermal conrol. The most important consideration is that the
satellite’s equipment should operate as nearly as possible in a stable temperature environment

16. Describe the spin stabilized satellites.


In a spin stabilized satellites, the body of the satellite spins at about 30 to 100 rpm about the
axis perpendicular to the orbital plane. The satellites arem normally dual spin satellites with a
spinning section and a despun section on which antennas are mounted. These are kept stationary with
respect to earth by counter rotating the despun section.

17. Write short notes on attitude control system.


It is the system that achieves and maintains the required attitudes. The main functions of
attitude control system include maintaining accurate satellite position throughout the life span of the
system.

18. What is meant by transponder?


In a communication satellite, the equipment which provides the connecting link between the
satellite’s transmit and receive antennas is referred to as the transponder.

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