“In much of society, research

means to investigates something

you do not know or understand.”

- Neil Alden Armstrong (1930-2012)

 Applications and Practice of Research for
Senior High School

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS,
AND IMMERSION
 INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS, AND IMMERSION

• Is a course book on research writing

• Modular approach
• Simplifies the complex and challenging steps in research
writing
• Students will be able to apply what they have learned from
previous courses on research methods.
• Serves as workbook: must perform each step in the
research process to produce an output.
Students are to generate:
• Research topic
• Research proposal
• Conduct review of related literature
• Establish research design and methodology
• Gather data
• Analyzed and Interpret data results
• Report research findings
• Draw conclusion, provide research recommendations, draft, revise
the final research paper, and present the research output.
At the end of semester, students are expected to:
 Summary of the Subject
I. Choosing a Research Topic
II. Reviewing Related Literature
III. The Research Design and Methodology
IV. Executing Data Collection, Analysis, and Interpretation Methods
V. Research Finding, Conclusions, Recommendations, and
Bibliography
VI. Writing the Research Paper and Presentation of the Research
Output
 Summary of the Subject
I. Choosing a Research Topic
Research Activities
- Develop a good research topic
- Develop the introduction of the research paper

Performance Task
- A research topic for the term paper
- Background of the study, SOP, Theoretical/Conceptual
Framework, Research Hypothesis, Definition of terms,
Significance of the study, Scope of the study
 Summary of the Subject
II. Reviewing Related Literature
Research Activities
- Develop a research schedule
- Conduct library research to gather related literature

Performance Task
- A research schedule for your library visit
- Literature review note cards of at least ten works related to the
topics/research problem
- A literature review map
 Summary of the Subject
III. The Research Design and Methodology
Research Activities
- Develop the research design and methodology that explain how
data will be collected, analyzed, and interpreted based on the type
of research to be undertaken

Performance Task
- Research design and methodology that contain the following:
- 1. Data Collection techniques
- 2. Data Analysis and Interpretation method
 Summary of the Subject
IV. Executing Data Collection, Analysis, and Interpretation Methods
Research Activities
- 1. Execute the research method proposed to gather, analyzed, and interpret
data.
- 2. Perform the specific quantitative or qualitative research methodology
(Survey, interview)
- 3. Analyzed and interpret results of data

Performance Task
- 1. Compilation of all the research data collected depending on the
specific research methodology to be used.
- 2. Outline that summarizes the data results, analysis, and
interpretation
 Summary of the Subject
V. Research Finding, Conclusions, Recommendations, and
Bibliography
Research Activities
- Write the research findings, conclusions, recommendations, and
bibliography

Performance Task
- 1. Research findings of the study
- Conclusion
- Recommendations
- Bibliography
 Summary of the Subject
VI. Writing the Research Paper and Presentation of the Research
Output
Research Activities
- Write the preliminaries of the research paper
- Write the draft of the research paper
- Give an oral presentation of the results and findings
- Revise the research paper after the presentation
- Submit the final research paper

Performance Task
- Preliminaries of the paper, Draft of the null research paper, Oral
presentation, Final research paper
 INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS, AND IMMERSION

THE RESEARCH PROCESS:

AN INTRODUCTION
GUIDE QUESTIONS
•What is Research?
•What is Social Research?
•What are the Uses of Research?
•What are the Different example of research?
•What are the Purpose of Research?
•What are the steps in the Research Process?
RESEARCH
KATANGIAN

NATURE OF RESEARCH
AND
SOCIAL RESEARCH
• To research is to find answers to
questions.
• All professional and practitioners in
various fields.

• A systematic inquiry conducted

to understand a phenomenon. It
can be done through gathering,
analysis, and interpretation of
facts.
What is Phenomenon?
• A fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen,
especially one whose cause or explanation is in
question.
Synonyms:
Occurrence • Phenomenon – singular form
Event • Phenomena – plural
Happening • Phenomenal - most commonly used
Fact to mean highly extraordinary or
Situation exceptional
Circumstance
What is Social Research?
• A specific type of research focuses on understanding and
learning about the changes and developments happening in
the social world to produce knowledge.
• Is a process in which researcher combines a set of
principles, outlooks, and ideas with a collection of a specific
practices, techniques, and strategies.
• Conducts a systematic study of theories and facts to answer
different questions about the social reality.
“Social phenomena”
- Refers to the interactions between and among
individuals, and to the characteristics, structures,
and functions of social groups and institutions,
such as families, communities, schools, and
workplaces, as well as the physical, economic,
cultural, and policy environments in which social
and behavioral phenomena occur.
USES OF RESEARCH
4 Important things that a researcher consider in
conducting a research:
• Use of the research
• Purpose of the research
• Time dimension of the study design
• The gathering method of technique to be used
 BASIC
2 Main uses of Social research RESEARCH

1. Usually done to develop and produce new

knowledge about the social world. APPLIED
RESEARCH
2. It is conducted to address a specific issue and
concern and provide an answer or solution to
a problem affecting a person, groups,
community, and the society in general.
 BASIC RESEARCH APPLIED RESEARCH
• Focuses on the advancement of • Focuses on addressing specific concern & offers
knowledge and production of new solution to a problem
knowledge.
• (Practitioners: Business, Government, Health
• Used by academicians and scientist care, Social Service, Political, and Educational
• Goal is to refute or support theories Sectors)
• Lacks practical application • Research conducted is part of the job
• Provides explanations and is a source of • Topics are very specific according to the demands
method and requires the highest degree
of academic scholarship. • Scholarships depend on the use of results
• Research problem and topics are varied • Success is determined when sponsors used the
and diverse. research results in decision-making
• Results are published in scholarly • Results are not publicly disseminated or
journals, books, or presented in academic published and are only available to few
conferences.
(Sponsors, Decision-makers, Practitioners)
 EXAMPLES OF
APPLIED RESEARCH
1. Evaluation Research Study
• Done to assess effectiveness of a program, policy, or
campaign.
• Conducted by:
2. Action Research Study –

•“Treats knowledge as a form of power and

abolishes the division between creating
knowledge and using knowledge to engage in
political action.
Politics – process by which people Government – is the system used to
decide how to live together- whether make decisions.
family, school, or a nation.
2. Action Research Study –
• Changes in classroom practice.
• Effects of program restructuring.
•The study includes
ordinary
• Newor popular of students.
understanding
knowledge
•The research focuses on power issues
•The study wants to raise consciousness of
people about issues.
•The research is connected to a plan or
program of action
3. Social Impact Assessment Research Study
(SIA)

•Is a process for the identification, analysis,

assessment, management and monitoring of
the potential social impacts of a project, both
positive and negative.
•Focus on important impacts of projects and
developments
3. Social Impact Assessment Research Study
(SIA)

•People’s way of life

•Their culture
•Their community
•Their political systems
•Their health and well-being
 PURPOSES OF
THE RESEARCH
 PURPOSES OF THE RESEARCH

1. Exploratory Research
2. Descriptive Research
3. Explanatory Research
Exploratory Research Following purpose of Exploratory Research:

a. To satisfy the researcher’s curiosity and

• Explore topic desire for better understanding
• Looks into a new b. To examine the viability of undertaking
area to identify a a more extensive study
specific question that c. To develop the methods to be used
can be address in the in future studies
future research.
- Researchers create a general picture of
the conditions. Also, they produce new
ideas and hypothesis.
Descriptive Research: Following purpose of Descriptive Research:

• Provide descriptions a. What, where, when and how

• Aim to describe the b. The researcher observes and report what
situation or events has observed.
c. Present social setting or a picture of a
specific situation
d. Clarifies a sequence of steps or stages
e. Documents a causal process or
mechanism
Explanatory Research Following purpose of Explanatory Research:

• Provide explanations • To test the predictions or principles of a

theory
• Identifies sources of
social behavior, • To elaborate and expand the explanation of
beliefs, conditions, and a theory
events. • To extend or develop theory to new issues
• Documents causes, or topics
theories, reasons of • To support or contradict an explanation
the existence of an
event or situation • To connect issues or topics with general
principle or theory
Exploratory Research Descriptive Research Explanatory Research

• Explore topic • Provide descriptions • Provide explanations

• Looks into a new area • Aim to describe the • Identifies sources of
situation or events
to identify a specific social behavior,
question that can be • What, where, when and beliefs, conditions, and
address in the future how events.
research. • The researcher
observes and report • Documents causes,
what has observed. theories, reasons of
the existence of an
• Present social setting or
a picture of a specific event or situation
situation
 Purposes of Research
•Exploratory Research
•Descriptive Research
•Explanatory Research
 STEPS IN THE
RESEARCH PROCESS
STEPS IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS
1. Selecting a topic.
2. Identifying the research question.
3. Developing a research design.
Research
Process

4. Gathering or collecting data.

5. Carrying out a data analysis.
6. Interpreting data.
7. Communicating research design findings and results.
QUESTIONS
•Explain the Purpose of Research
•Discuss the steps in the Research Process