Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Ministry of Basic, Higher and technical Education
Division of Lanao del Sur II
BALINDONG PACALNA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Raya, Tugaya, Lanao del Sur

General
Mathematics

Quarter 1- Module 3-Week 1

One-to-one Functions and Inverse Functions

NAME:
School: Balindong-Pacalna National High School Grade Level: Grade 11
Teacher: Hanan U. Walidoden Learning Area: General Mathematics
Teaching Date: Quarter: 1st Quarter-Week1- 2 days
Teachers’ Contact Number: 09466359492

Module 3 – Wk. 1: ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS AND INVERSE FUNCTIONS

I. MODULE CONTENT
This module help you understand and learn other concepts of functions such as
one-to-one function and the Inverse functions.
In particular, after using this module, you are expected to:
A. represent real life situation using one-to-one;
B. illustrate one-to-one functions;
C. identify one-to-one functions;
D. illustrate horizontal line test;
E. illustrate the inverse of a one-to-one functions;
F. state the properties of inverse functions;
G. find the domain and range of inverse function; and
H. solve problems involving inverse functions;
 DAY 1 Lesson 1: One-to-One Function

One-to-One Function

A function is one-to-one (1-1) if every element of the range corresponds to exactly

one element of the domain (i.e. for any given y-value, there is One-to-One
Function only one x that can paired with the given y).
A function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be one-to-one if 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 ) implies 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 .
A function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be one-to-one if 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑥2 implies 𝑓(𝑥1 ) ≠ 𝑓(𝑥2 ).
A function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is one-to-one if a horizontal line drawn through the graph of
the function intersects the graph at exactly one point. If the horizontal line
intersects the graph in more than one point, then the function is not one-to-one.
This is the so-called horizontal line test for a one-to-one function.

Determining whether a function is one-to-one.

(a) Mapping Diagram:

For the following function, the domain represents the age of five males and the range
represents their HDL (good) cholesterol (mg/dL).

Age HDL Cholesterol

𝟑𝟖 𝟓𝟕
𝟒𝟐 𝟓𝟒
𝟒𝟔 𝟑𝟒
𝟓𝟓 𝟑𝟖
𝟔𝟏

This function is not one-to-one because

8 two different inputs, 55
and 61,8 have the same output.

14

14
(b) Ordered Pairs:
{(−𝟐, 𝟔), (−𝟏, 𝟑), (𝟎, 𝟐), (𝟏, 𝟓), (𝟐, 𝟖)}

This function is one-to-one because there are no two distinct

inputs that correspond to the same output.

(c) Equation:
1. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑
Let 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 ). We have to show that 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 .
Now, we have 𝑓 (𝑥1 ) = 4𝑥1 + 3 and 𝑓 (𝑥2 ) = 4𝑥2 + 3.

𝑓 (𝑥1 ) = 𝑓 (𝑥2 ) 4𝑥1 + 3 = 4𝑥2 + 3

We use property of equality 4𝑥1 + 3 − 3 = 4𝑥2 + 3 − 3

(SUBTRACTION PROPERTY OF 4𝑥1 4𝑥2
EQUALITY & DIVISION =
4 4
PROPERTY OF EQUALITY)
𝑥1 = 𝑥2

This function is one-to-one because there are no two distinct inputs that
correspond to the same output.

2. 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖
Let 𝑔(𝑥1 ) = 𝑔(𝑥2 ). We have to show that 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 .
Now, we have 𝑔(𝑥1 ) = 𝑥1 2 − 8 and 𝑔(𝑥2 ) = 𝑥2 2 − 8.
𝑔(𝑥1 ) = 𝑔(𝑥2 ) 𝑥1 2 − 8 = 𝑥2 2 − 8
𝑥1 2 − 8 + 8 = 𝑥2 2 − 8 + 8
We use property of equality
(ADDITION PROPERTY OF √𝑥1 2 = √𝑥1 2
EQUALITY) and SQUARE ROOT
Method ±𝑥1 = ±𝑥2

This function is not one-to-one because

𝑔(3) = 𝑔(−3) = 1
NOTE: If the degree (highest power/exponent) of the polynomial is odd number (absolute
value function is an exception), the function is considered as a one-to-one function.
Otherwise, it is not a one-to-one function.

Examples:
FUNCTION One-to-One/Not One-to-One
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 One-to-One, because the degree is 1 which is odd.
2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 6 Not One-to-One, because the degree is 4 which is even.
1+𝑥 One-to-One, because the degree is 1 which is odd.
3. 𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑥
4. 𝑚(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)3 One-to-One, because the degree is 3 which is odd.
5. 𝑝(𝑥) = |4𝑥 + 7| Not One-to-One, because the graph is v-shaped.

(d) Graph:

A graph showing the plot of y= 𝑥 2 + 2 fails the horizontal line test. If any vertical line and
horizontal line intersects the graph at most 1 point, then the graph is a graph of a one-
to-one function. The graph of y = 𝑥 3 passes the horizontal line test.
Representing One-to-one function in Real Life situation:

One-to-one Not-one-one
The relation pairing a student to his/her The relation pairing a real number to its
LRN. square.

Reason: Each student has a unique LRN Reason: 4 is a square of both 2 and -2. (i.e
(or no two students have the same LRN) f(2)=4 and f(-2)=4)

The relation pairing an SSS member to his The relation pairing a cellphone model to
or her SSS number. its manufacturing company.

Reason: Each SSS member has a unique Reason: There could be many different
SSS number. cellphone model to one particular
manufacturing company. Example: F3,
F112, and A9 are all models from OPPO)

The relation pairing an airport to its airport

code.

Reason: Each airport has a particular

code.
 DepEd Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)
Gen. Math - Quarter 1, Module 3, Wk. 1-DAY 1

Name of Learner: Score:

Grade Level: Date:

ACTIVITY 1
Identify whether the given situation represents one-to-one function or Not.

1. {(0,0),(1,1),(2,8),(3,27),(4,64)}

2. {(-2,4),(-1,1),(0,0),(1,1),(2,4)}

3. {(0,4),(1,5),(2,6),(3,7),..(n,n+4),…}

4. The function of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2

5. Height to student

6. Person to telephone number

7. Height to age

8. Birthdate of a family member

9.
y

10. y

x
ACTIVITY 2
A. Graph each function and use horizontal line test to tell whether it is one-to-one or not.
1. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐, x≥ 𝟎

1
2. 𝒈(𝒙) =
𝑥+1
 DAY 2 Lesson 2: Inverse of a One-to-One Function

A relation reversing the process performed by any function 𝑓(𝑥) is called inverse
of 𝑓(𝑥). This means that that the domain of the inverse is the range of the
original function and that the range of the inverse is the domain of the original
function.
A function 𝑓 has an inverse if for every 𝑦 in its range there is only one value of 𝑥
in its domain. 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) = 𝑥, for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦.
The function 𝑓(𝑥) has an inverse if 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) if and only if 𝑓(𝑥) is one-to-one.

Steps in finding the inverse of a function of a one-to-one function:

Step 4:
Step 3: Change 𝑦 with 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 )
Step 2:
Solve for 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥
Step 1: Interchange 𝑥 and 𝑦
Replace 𝑓(𝑥) with 𝑦

Example 1: Find the inverse of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏.

𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1
𝑥 − 1 = 2𝑦 + 1 − 1
Solve for 𝑦 𝑥 − 1 2𝑦
Replace 𝑓(𝑥) with 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥 =
2 2
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
= 𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 =
2 2

𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 1
Change 𝑦 with 𝑥−1
𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) =
𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) 2
Interchange 𝑥 and 𝑦
Example 2: Find the inverse of 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐, if it exists.

𝑦 = 𝑥3 − 2
𝑥 = 𝑦3 − 2
𝑥 + 2 = 𝑦3 − 2 + 2
Replace 𝑔(𝑥) with 𝑦 Solve for 𝑦 3 3
√𝑥 + 2 = √𝑦 3
in terms of 𝑥 3
√𝑥 + 2 = 𝑦

𝑥 = 𝑦3 − 2
Change 𝑦 with 3
−1 (
𝑔−1 (𝑥 ) = √𝑥 + 2
𝑔 𝑥)
Interchange 𝑥 and 𝑦

Properties of the Inverse of one-to-one function.

Given a one-to-one function 𝑓(𝑥) and its inverse 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ). The following holds true:
a. The inverse of is 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) is 𝑓(𝑥).
b. 𝑓(𝑓 −1 (𝑥 )) = 𝑥 for all x in the domain of 𝑓 −1 .
c. 𝑓 −1 (𝑓(𝑥 )) = 𝑥 for all x in the domain of 𝑓.

Example 1. Given the function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟒,

a. Show that 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙)) = 𝒇(𝒙).

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4 𝑓 −1 (𝑓 −1 (𝑥 )) =?
𝑦 = 𝑥+4 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 4
𝑥 = 𝑦+4 𝑦 = 𝑥−4
𝑥 − 4 = 𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 = 𝑦−4
𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 + 4 = 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
Therefore,
𝑓 −1 (𝑓 −1 (𝑥 )) = 𝑓(𝑥)

b. Show that 𝒇 (𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙)) = 𝒙 c. Show that 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒇(𝒙)) = 𝒙

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4 and 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4 and 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 4

𝑓(𝑓 −1 (𝑥 )) = 𝑓 (𝑥 − 4) = 𝑥 − 4 +4 = 𝑥 𝑓 −1 (𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 + 4) = 𝑥 + 4 −4 = 𝑥
Example 2. Determine whether the functions below are inverses of each other
or not.
𝟏
𝒇(𝒙) = − 𝟐 𝒙 and 𝒈(𝒙) = −𝟐 𝒙
Solution:
We need to show that 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥 )) = 𝑔(𝑔(𝑥 )) = 𝑥
1
𝑓 (𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓 (−2 𝑥 ) = − (−2 𝑥 ) = 𝑥.
2
1 1
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑔 (− 2 𝑥) = −2 (− 2 𝑥) = 𝑥.

Therefore, by definition, the two functions are inverses of each other.

Graphs of an Inverse Function

Example 1: Graph 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 and its inverse

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒙−𝟏
𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) =
𝟐
Complete the table of values. Complete the table of values.

𝒙 -2 -1 0 1 2 𝒙 -3 -1 1 3 5

𝒚 -3 -1 1 3 5 𝒚 -2 -1 0 1 2

−3 − 1 −4
𝑓 −1 (−3) = = = −2
𝑓 (−2) = 2(−2) + 1 = −4 + 1 = −3 2 2
𝑓 (−1) = 2(−1) + 1 = −2 + 1 = −1 −1 − 1 −2
𝑓 −1 (−1) = = = −1
𝑓 (0) = 2(0) + 1 = 0 + 1 = 1 2 2
𝑓 (1) = 2(1) + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3 1−1 0
𝑓 −1 (1) = = =0
𝑓 (2) = 2(2) + 1 = 4 + 1 = 5 2 2
3 − 1 2
𝑓 −1 (3) = = =1
2 2
−1 ( )
5−1 4
𝑓 5 = = =2
2 2

Note: The x-values of the original function became the y-values of its inverse function
and the y-values of the original function became the x-values of its inverse function.
 Graph:

Domain and Range of an Inverse Function

Recall:
Given the graph of a one-to-one function, the graph of its inverse can be obtained by
reflecting the graph about the line 𝑦 = 𝑥.
To get the 𝑥 and 𝑦 values of an inverse function, interchange the 𝑥 and 𝑦 values of the
original one-to-one function.

❖ The domain of of 𝑓 is the range of 𝑓 −1 .

❖ The range of of 𝑓 is the domain of 𝑓 −1 .

Example 1. Find the domain and range of the function and its inverse.

a. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏

𝑫𝒇(𝒙) : (−∞, +∞) 𝑹𝒇(𝒙) = (−∞, +∞)

Note: (−∞, +∞) ➔ The set of all Real Numbers

𝒙−𝟏
Now, the inverse of 𝑓 is 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) =
𝟐

𝑫𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) : (−∞, +∞) 𝑫𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = (−∞, +∞)

b. 𝒈(𝒙) = √𝒙 + 𝟓

𝒙+𝟓≥𝟎
𝒙 ≥ −𝟓 𝒙 ≥ −𝟓 ➔ A restriction
This is done because the inverse
will not become one-to-one
𝑫𝒈(𝒙) : {𝒙𝝐𝕽|𝒙 ≥ −𝟓} 𝑹𝒈(𝒙) = {𝒙𝝐𝕽|𝒚 ≥ 𝟎} function if there’s no restriction
(the graph of 𝒈−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓 is a
parabola)

Now, the inverse of 𝑓 is

𝒈−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓, 𝒙 ≥ −𝟓

𝑫𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) : {𝒙𝝐𝕽|𝒙 ≥ 𝟎} 𝑫𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = {𝒙𝝐𝕽|𝒚 ≥ −𝟓}

PROBLEMS INVOLVING RATIONAL FUNCTION

Inverse function undo what the function does.

Example 1. Your mom from Arizona called and told you that your little brother has 105.8 𝑜 𝐹
temperature. Do you have any reason to worry for your brother?

Solution:
𝑜
𝐶 𝑡𝑜 𝑜 𝐹: Multiply by 9, then divide by 5, then add 32.
Recall:

Inverse ➔ 𝑜 𝐹 𝑡𝑜 𝑜 𝐶: Deduct 32, then multiply by 5, then divide by 9.

𝑜
5 5
𝐶 = (105.8 − 32) • = 73.8 • = 41
9 9

Yes, there is a reason to worry because 41 𝑜 𝐶 is a very hot temperature.

Example 2. Aleah is travelling at 70 km per hour.

a. Determine how did he travel after 2 hours.

b. He knows that he has already traveled 420 km because he is now in Bicol, how long he has
been traveling?

Solution:
𝑥 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
𝑦 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑
𝑦 = 70𝑥

a. if 𝑥 = 2 ➔ 𝑦 = 70(2) = 140
Therefore, Aleah has traveled 140 km for 2 hours.

b. if 𝑦 = 420, 𝑥?
420
𝑦 = 70𝑥 ➔ 420 = 70𝑥 ➔ 70 = 𝑥 ➔ 6 = 𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 6
Therefore, Aleah has been traveling for 6 hours.
 DepEd Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)
Gen. Math - Quarter 1, Module 3, Wk. 1-DAY 2

Name of Learner: Score:

Grade Level: Date:

ACTIVITY 1
Determine the domains and ranges of the following functions and their inverses.

1. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 2. 𝒈(𝒙) =
1
𝑥−1
ACTIVITY 2
Answer the following items accordingly.
1. The relationship between the age of a man 2. A number is 21 more than three times
and his son is given by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓 another number.
a. What does 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) represent if 𝑓(𝑥 ) is the a. Write the function model f(x) for this
age of the father? problem if f(x) is the number.
b. What is 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 )? b. What does 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) represent?
c. Find 𝑓 −1 (5). c. Find the other number.
d. Graph the two functions 𝑓 (𝑥 ) and 𝑓 −1 (𝑥 ) on
the same xy-plane.