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23 views

Lesson-2-Atomic-Structure-Compound-names-and-its-Formula

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kenzobuanpogi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Lesson 2: Atomic

Structure, Compound
names and its
Formula
Atoms,
Molecules
and Ions
Atoms – smallest particle of an
element
Molecules – smallest particle of a
compound
Ions – atoms that either lose or gain electrons

Gain electrons – negatively charged


Lose electrons – positively charged
Atomic number – number of
protons in the nucleus of an atom. It
determines the chemical properties
of an element and its place in the
periodic table.

Mass number – sum of the


protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
Atomic mass – mass of an atom of a chemical
element expressed in atomic mass units. It is
approximately equivalent to the number of
protons and neutron in the atom. It can also
computed by getting the average number
allowing for the relative abundances of
different isotopes.

Isotopes - are atoms that have the same number of


protons but different number of neutrons

Isotopes are identified by their mass number


How to write Isotopes?
A
zX
X- chemical symbol
A- mass number
Z – atomic number
Molecules
Diatomic – contain 2 atoms,
normally occur in nature.

Homonuclear
Atoms are same element
(H2)

Heteronuclear
Atoms are different elements (HCl)
Ions

Cations
Anions
Chemical Formulas

Is a way of expressing in
symbols the elements
present in a compound, as
well as the number of
atoms of each element
present in the compound.
Structural Formula

Indicates how the atoms


are arranged and
bonded chemically
O
H H
Molecular Formula

Shows the number of atoms


per element present in a
compound. (true formula)

C6H12O6
Empirical Formulas

Simplest form of
atomic ratio in a
chemical compound.

C6H12O6 is CH2O
Models

Molecular model is a
representation of a compound’s
in a structure in a molecular view.
A 3D view of the compound.
( Ball-and-stick, Space-filling)
Naming Compounds
Naming Ionic Compounds

Is a neutrally-charged
compound that contains a
cation and an anion.
Cations(metallic) Anions(non-
metallic)
Naming An Anion

Monoatomic (1 atom) – add –ide to the


root of the name of the non-metal.

Polyatomic (more than 1 atom of


different elements) – use the name of the
anion
RULE 1: Monoatomic Cation + Monoatomic Anion
1. Name the first element in the compound
2. Name the second element and add a suffix of -
ide to the root of the name of the second element.
Example: What is the chemical name KCl?
1. K- Potassium
2. Cl- Chlorine changes the ine to ide
----> Potassium Chloride
RULE 2: Monoatomic Cation + Polyatomic
Anion
1. Name the first element in the compound
2. Name the polyatomic anion
Example: What is the chemical name of
KNO3?
1. K- Potassium
2. NO3- Nitrate
----> Potassium Nitrate
RULE 3: Cation with more than 1 oxidation state + Monoatomic
Anion
1. Name the first element in the compound and identify the
charge of the metal cation
2. Indicate the charge of the metal cation using a roman
numeral and enclose it in parentheses or use the suffix -ous or -ic
(Latin name). The suffix -ous and -ic denotes which has the
higher charge, -ic for the higher charge, and -ous for the lower
charge.
3. Name the second element and add a suffix of -ide to the root
of the name of the second element.
Example: What is the chemical name of Cu3P2?
1. Cu- Copper (Copper has 2 charge Cu+, Cu2+)
2. Cu2+- Copper (II) or Cupric
----> Copper (II) phosphide or Cupric phosphide
RULE 4: Cation with more than 1 oxidation state + Polyatomic Anion
1. Name the first element in the compound and identify the charge of
the metal cation
2. Indicate the charge of the metal cation using a roman numeral and
enclose it in parenthesis or use the suffix –ous or –ic (Latin name). The
suffix –ous and –ic denote which has the higher charge, -ic for a higher
charge, and -ous for the lower charge.
3. Name the polyatomic Anion
Example: What is the Chemical name of CuNO3
Cu- Copper (Copper has 2 charge Cu+ , Cu^2+)
2. Cu- Copper (I) or Cuprous
3. NO3- Nitrate
----> Copper (I) Nitrate or Cuprous Nitrate
RULE 5: Polyatomic cation + Monoatomic
anion
1. Name the polyatomic cation
2. Name the second element and add a suffix
of -ide to the root of the name of the second
element.
Example: What is the chemical name NH4Cl?
1. NH4- Ammonium
2. Cl- Chlorine to ide
----> Ammonium Chloride
RULE 6: Polyatomic cation + Polyatomic
Anion
1. Name the polyatomic cation
2. Name the polyatomic Anion
Example: what is the Chemical name of
(NH4)3PO4?
1. NH4 + - Ammonium
2. PO4 3—Phosphate
----> Ammonium Phosphate
NAMING
MOLECULAR
COMPOUNDS
A molecular compound is
composed of nonmetallic
elements.
1. Use prefixes for both elements
in the compound to indicate the
number of atoms for each
element present in the
compound. If there is only 1 atom
on the first element, the prefix
mono is usually dropped.
1 Mono
2 Di
3 Tri
4 Tetra
5 Penta
6 Hexa
7 Hepta
8 Octa
9 Nona
10 Deca
2. Add the suffix ide to the root of
the name of the second element.
Example: What is the chemical
name of SF6?
----> Sulfur Hexafluoride
Sample Problem:
1. Potassium dichromate
2. Dinitrogen tetroxide
WRITING
CHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS
1. Write the symbol/formula of the first ion in the
compound’s name, then the symbol/formula of
the second ion in the compound’s name.

2. Indicate the ratio of the ions in the compound


using subscripts after each ion.
• This step involves filling in the subscripts boxes
as we did in the lecture:
• The ratio of the ions is deduced by balancing
the charges of the ions.
• This is done so that the total charge in the crystal, when
large numbers of cations and anions combine, is equal to
zero.
• We find the ion’s charge from its position on the periodic
table or we look it up in a table in the case of polyatomic
ions.
• Transition metal with varying charges will be written in
the compound name in Roman numerals.
• First, temporarily write the charge of each ion above
the ion’s symbol
• Next, place numbers in the subscripts such that the total
charge of the compound is zero. Note that in this example,
we need two bromide ions, each has a charge of (1-) to
cancel the (2+) charge of the calcium ion:
• 2(-1) + (+2) = 0 zero total charge.

• We saw a shortcut way to do this called the Criss-Cross


Method

• Note, that we do not leave the charges written above the symbols in the completed
formula.

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