Week 1: Data Communication

Q1: Which of the following best describes the function of the physical layer in data
communication?
A) Provides error detection and correction during data transfer
B) Converts bits into signals for transmission
C) Defines the routing of data between devices
D) Ensures reliable delivery of packets to their destination

Answer: B) Converts bits into signals for transmission

Q2: In a data flow scenario, which of the following is NOT a valid flow direction?
A) Simplex
B) Multiplex
C) Half-duplex
D) Full-duplex

Answer: B) Multiplex

Week 2: Internet History and Protocols

Q3: Which layer in the TCP/IP model is responsible for determining the best path for data
packets to travel?
A) Application
B) Transport
C) Network
D) Link

Answer: C) Network

Q4: The main difference between OSI and TCP/IP models is:
A) OSI has fewer layers than TCP/IP
B) TCP/IP defines both connection-oriented and connectionless communication, while OSI does
not
C) OSI is a reference model, while TCP/IP is an implementation model
D) TCP/IP is protocol-specific, whereas OSI is not

Answer: C) OSI is a reference model, while TCP/IP is an implementation model

Week 3: IP Addressing

Q5: What is the total number of Class B networks available in IPv4 addressing?
A) 65,536
B) 16,384
C) 32,768
D) 128

Answer: B) 16,384

Q6: Why is classless addressing preferred over classful addressing in modern networks?
A) It increases the number of available IP addresses in a subnet
B) It eliminates the need for subnet masks
C) It supports variable-length subnet masks for efficient allocation
D) It reduces routing table entries

Answer: C) It supports variable-length subnet masks for efficient allocation

Week 4: IPv4 Address Subnetting

Q7: A network administrator is given the IP block 192.168.1.0/26. How many usable host IPs
are available in each subnet?
A) 62
B) 64
C) 30
D) 126

Answer: A) 62

Q8: CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) reduces the size of routing tables by:
A) Using default subnet masks
B) Aggregating multiple IP addresses into a single prefix
C) Eliminating class distinctions in IP addressing
D) Increasing the number of available IPs

Answer: B) Aggregating multiple IP addresses into a single prefix

Week 5: Internet Devices

Q9: Which device operates only at the Data Link Layer of the OSI model?
A) Switch
B) Router
C) Hub
D) Gateway

Answer: A) Switch

Q10: What is the primary function of a gateway in a network?

A) To connect multiple devices within the same subnet
B) To forward data between networks with different communication protocols
C) To filter traffic based on IP addresses
D) To amplify network signals

Answer: B) To forward data between networks with different communication protocols

Week 6: Physical Layer

Q11: Which of the following is NOT a cause of signal degradation in the physical layer?
A) Attenuation
B) Crosstalk
C) Jitter
D) Congestion

Answer: D) Congestion

Q12: The Nyquist theorem states that the maximum data rate for a noiseless channel is:
A) Directly proportional to bandwidth and signal power
B) Proportional to bandwidth and 2 times the logarithm of SNR
C) 2 times the bandwidth of the channel
D) Independent of the channel bandwidth

Answer: C) 2 times the bandwidth of the channel

Week 6: Data Link Layer

Q13: Which of the following error detection methods uses polynomial division to detect errors in
a data frame?
A) Parity Check
B) Checksum
C) CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
D) Hamming Code

Answer: C) CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)

Q14: In the data link layer, flow control is achieved through:

A) Stop-and-Wait ARQ
B) Packet Switching
C) Forward Error Correction
D) Signal Amplification

Answer: A) Stop-and-Wait ARQ

These MCQs are designed to test deep understanding and advanced problem-solving in the listed
topics. Let me know if you'd like more! 😊

4o

You said:

### **Week 3: IP Addressing** **Q5:** What is the total number of Class B networks
available in IPv4 addressing? A) 65,536 B) 16,384 C) 32,768 D) 128 **Answer:** B) 16,384

explain? i think answer is a

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

Let's carefully analyze Q5 regarding the total number of Class B networks in IPv4.

Explanation:

1. Class B Address Range:

o IPv4 addresses are 32 bits long, divided into four octets.
o In Class B, the first two bits of the address are fixed as 10.
o This leaves 14 bits for the network portion (since the first 2 bits are reserved).
o The remaining 16 bits are used for the host portion within each network.
 2. Total Possible Class B Networks:
o The number of networks is determined by the number of bits available for the
network ID.
o For Class B, there are 2142^{14}214 possible networks: 214=16,3842^{14} =
16,384214=16,384

3. Why Not Option A (65,536)?

o 65,536 would correspond to 2162^{16}216, but this assumes 16 bits are used for
the network ID, which is not the case for Class B. Only 14 bits are available for
network identification in Class B.

Correct Answer:

B) 16,384

If you still think the answer might be A, let me know, and I can further clarify! 😊

4o

You said:

make 10 mcqs per week of medium level

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

Week 1: Data Communication (Medium-Level MCQs)

Q1: What is the primary purpose of data communication systems?

A) To store data locally
B) To enable data transmission between devices
C) To prevent unauthorized access to data
D) To analyze data trends

Answer: B) To enable data transmission between devices

Q2: Which of the following is NOT a key component of a data communication system?
A) Message
B) Medium
C) Receiver
D) Protocol stack

Answer: D) Protocol stack

Q3: In simplex communication, data flows:

A) In both directions alternately
B) In a single direction only
C) In both directions simultaneously
D) Based on user input

Answer: B) In a single direction only

Q4: Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for ensuring the reliable delivery of messages?
A) Physical layer
B) Data Link layer
C) Transport layer
D) Network layer

Answer: C) Transport layer

Q5: Logical structures in data communication represent:

A) Hardware connections
B) Software configurations
C) How data flows logically through a system
D) The encryption standards used

Answer: C) How data flows logically through a system

Q6: What type of signal is used in the physical layer for data transmission?
A) Digital signal only
B) Analog signal only
C) Either analog or digital signals
D) Encoded packets
Answer: C) Either analog or digital signals

Q7: Which of the following ensures data integrity during transmission?

A) Encryption
B) Error detection and correction
C) Routing algorithms
D) Physical medium

Answer: B) Error detection and correction

Q8: In a communication system, a repeater works at which layer of the OSI model?
A) Physical layer
B) Network layer
C) Data Link layer
D) Transport layer

Answer: A) Physical layer

Q9: Which of the following correctly describes a network topology?

A) The encryption standard used
B) The physical or logical arrangement of devices
C) The addressing scheme used
D) The type of hardware employed

Answer: B) The physical or logical arrangement of devices

Q10: Bandwidth in a communication system is measured in:

A) Bytes per second
B) Hertz (Hz)
C) Bits per second (bps)
D) Cycles

Answer: C) Bits per second (bps)

Week 2: Internet History and Standards (Medium-Level MCQs)

Q1: Which protocol is commonly used for file transfers over the Internet?
A) HTTP
B) FTP
C) SMTP
D) DNS

Answer: B) FTP

Q2: The Internet was originally created as a part of which project?

A) DARPA
B) ARPANET
C) CERN
D) TCP/IP

Answer: B) ARPANET

Q3: Layered protocols in networking:

A) Ensure specific functions are isolated at each layer
B) Are implemented only in the OSI model
C) Eliminate the need for IP addressing
D) Increase data redundancy

Answer: A) Ensure specific functions are isolated at each layer

Q4: Which of the following is NOT a layer in the TCP/IP model?

A) Application layer
B) Network layer
C) Session layer
D) Link layer

Answer: C) Session layer

Q5: The OSI model has how many layers?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
Answer: D) 7

Q6: The primary purpose of TCP in the TCP/IP suite is to:

A) Route data to its destination
B) Provide error-free transmission through acknowledgment
C) Define the structure of IP addresses
D) Convert data into signals for transmission

Answer: B) Provide error-free transmission through acknowledgment

Q7: HTTP operates at which layer of the TCP/IP model?

A) Transport
B) Network
C) Application
D) Link

Answer: C) Application

Q8: Comparing TCP and UDP, which of the following is true?

A) TCP is faster but less reliable than UDP
B) UDP is connection-oriented, while TCP is not
C) UDP is faster but less reliable than TCP
D) Both provide guaranteed delivery

Answer: C) UDP is faster but less reliable than TCP

Q9: Which of the following is NOT a function of the Network layer?

A) Addressing
B) Routing
C) Error detection
D) Path determination

Answer: C) Error detection

Q10: TCP/IP was first standardized in which decade?

A) 1970s
B) 1980s
C) 1990s
D) 2000s

Answer: A) 1970s

Would you like me to create questions for other weeks as well? Let me know! 😊

4o

You said:

yes
ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

Week 3: IP Addressing (Medium-Level MCQs)

Q1: An IPv4 address is divided into:

A) 2 parts: Network and Host
B) 3 parts: Subnet, Network, Host
C) 4 parts: A, B, C, and D
D) 5 parts: A, B, C, D, and E

Answer: A) 2 parts: Network and Host

Q2: Which class of IP addresses is typically used for multicast communication?

A) Class A
B) Class B
C) Class D
D) Class E

Answer: C) Class D

Q3: What is the default subnet mask for a Class C IPv4 address?
A) 255.255.0.0
B) 255.0.0.0
C) 255.255.255.0
D) 255.255.255.255
Answer: C) 255.255.255.0

Q4: Which of the following addresses cannot be assigned to a device?

A) 192.168.1.1
B) 10.0.0.0
C) 127.0.0.1
D) 192.0.2.1

Answer: C) 127.0.0.1

Q5: Private IP addresses are used for:

A) Public websites
B) Local communication within networks
C) DNS servers
D) IPv6 transitions

Answer: B) Local communication within networks

Q6: What is the primary purpose of subnetting?

A) To reduce network traffic
B) To convert IPv4 addresses into IPv6
C) To assign IP addresses dynamically
D) To increase the number of available IP addresses

Answer: A) To reduce network traffic

Q7: Which of the following is a valid public IP address?

A) 192.168.0.1
B) 172.16.1.1
C) 8.8.8.8
D) 10.0.0.1

Answer: C) 8.8.8.8

Q8: In CIDR notation, a /16 subnet mask corresponds to which dotted decimal format?
A) 255.255.0.0
B) 255.255.255.0
C) 255.0.0.0
D) 255.255.255.255

Answer: A) 255.255.0.0

Q9: Which of the following protocols automatically assigns IP addresses to devices?

A) DNS
B) ARP
C) DHCP
D) ICMP

Answer: C) DHCP

Q10: In IPv4, what is the primary function of the default gateway?

A) To store IP addresses for internal devices
B) To route traffic between different subnets or networks
C) To assign MAC addresses to devices
D) To resolve domain names into IP addresses

Answer: B) To route traffic between different subnets or networks

Week 4: IPv4 Address Subnetting (Medium-Level MCQs)

Q1: How many subnets can be created if a /24 network is divided into /28 subnets?
A) 6
B) 14
C) 16
D) 32

Answer: C) 16

Q2: What is the broadcast address of the subnet 192.168.1.0/26?

A) 192.168.1.63
B) 192.168.1.64
C) 192.168.1.1
D) 192.168.1.62
Answer: A) 192.168.1.63

Q3: Which of the following subnet masks allows for 30 usable host IPs per subnet?
A) /24
B) /27
C) /28
D) /30

Answer: B) /27

Q4: A subnet mask of /22 provides how many usable host IPs?
A) 510
B) 1022
C) 512
D) 2046

Answer: B) 1022

Q5: In a VLSM scenario, which subnet would be the most efficient for a network needing only
14 usable IP addresses?
A) /24
B) /28
C) /30
D) /26

Answer: B) /28

Q6: If you borrow 3 bits for subnetting a Class C network, how many subnets can you create?
A) 6
B) 8
C) 14
D) 16

Answer: B) 8
Q7: What is the subnet mask for the IP range 192.168.1.64 - 192.168.1.127?
A) /24
B) /26
C) /25
D) /27

Answer: C) /25

Q8: A network admin is given the block 10.0.0.0/16. What is the new prefix if this block is
split into 4 equal subnets?
A) /17
B) /18
C) /19
D) /20

Answer: /18

Q9: How many total IPs (including network and broadcast) are available in a /29 subnet?
A) 6
B) 8
C) 32
D) 16

Answer: B) 8

Q10: The process of assigning a smaller subnet mask than the default is called:
A) CIDR
B) Supernetting
C) Subnetting
D) DHCP

Answer: B) Supernetting

Let me know if you need more for Weeks 5 & 6! 😊

4o

You said:
yes
ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

Week 5: Internet Devices (Medium-Level MCQs)

Q1: Which device operates at Layer 1 of the OSI model?

A) Switch
B) Router
C) Repeater
D) Bridge

Answer: C) Repeater

Q2: A router operates primarily at which layer of the OSI model?

A) Application
B) Data Link
C) Network
D) Transport

Answer: C) Network

Q3: What is the main function of a hub in a network?

A) Forward data based on MAC address
B) Amplify signals and regenerate data
C) Route data between different networks
D) Assign IP addresses dynamically

Answer: B) Amplify signals and regenerate data

Q4: Which of the following network devices connects two different types of networks, such as a
local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN)?
A) Switch
B) Bridge
C) Gateway
D) Hub

Answer: C) Gateway
Q5: A bridge works at which layer of the OSI model?
A) Physical
B) Data Link
C) Network
D) Transport

Answer: B) Data Link

Q6: Which of the following devices is responsible for determining the best path for data to travel
across a network?
A) Router
B) Hub
C) Bridge
D) Repeater

Answer: A) Router

Q7: A Layer 2 switch operates by:

A) Forwarding packets based on IP addresses
B) Forwarding frames based on MAC addresses
C) Converting analog signals to digital
D) Assigning IP addresses to devices

Answer: B) Forwarding frames based on MAC addresses

Q8: A Layer 3 switch can perform all of the following tasks except:
A) Routing based on IP addresses
B) Switching based on MAC addresses
C) Filtering traffic at Layer 2
D) Filtering traffic based on application data

Answer: D) Filtering traffic based on application data

Q9: Which device is commonly used to extend a network segment without creating separate
collision domains?
A) Repeater
B) Hub
C) Router
D) Bridge

Answer: B) Hub

Q10: The main difference between a bridge and a switch is:

A) A bridge operates at Layer 1, while a switch operates at Layer 2
B) A bridge can filter traffic, but a switch cannot
C) A bridge can connect multiple network segments, whereas a switch can handle multiple
devices on a segment
D) A bridge can only connect two devices, but a switch can connect more than two

Answer: C) A bridge can connect multiple network segments, whereas a switch can handle
multiple devices on a segment

Week 6: Physical Layer (Medium-Level MCQs)

Q1: Which of the following is true about the Physical layer?

A) It is responsible for packet forwarding
B) It defines the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the transmission medium
C) It ensures reliable data transfer
D) It handles error correction and flow control

Answer: B) It defines the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the transmission medium

Q2: Which of the following devices operates at the Physical layer of the OSI model?
A) Router
B) Hub
C) Switch
D) Gateway

Answer: B) Hub

Q3: In circuit-switched networks, data is transmitted:

A) As packets that can be routed independently
B) As a dedicated connection between two points
C) In bursts based on traffic demand
D) Over multiple virtual channels

Answer: B) As a dedicated connection between two points

Q4: The maximum bandwidth of a fiber optic cable is:

A) 10 Mbps
B) 1 Gbps
C) 10 Gbps
D) Unlimited (practically)

Answer: D) Unlimited (practically)

Q5: The attenuation in a transmission medium refers to:

A) The amplification of signals
B) The reduction of signal strength over distance
C) The distortion of signals during transmission
D) The error rate in transmission

Answer: B) The reduction of signal strength over distance

Q6: In packet-switched networks, data is:

A) Sent as continuous streams of data
B) Broken into packets that may take different paths
C) Sent through a dedicated path with guaranteed speed
D) Transmitted without error checking

Answer: B) Broken into packets that may take different paths

Q7: Which type of transmission media is most commonly used in local area networks (LANs)?
A) Coaxial cable
B) Fiber optic cable
C) Twisted pair cable
D) Satellite links

Answer: C) Twisted pair cable

Q8: Multiplexing allows:
A) Multiple channels to transmit data simultaneously over a single medium
B) The combination of analog and digital signals in one transmission
C) The separation of data into different addressable segments
D) Real-time error correction during transmission

Answer: A) Multiple channels to transmit data simultaneously over a single medium

Q9: Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is primarily used in:

A) Fiber optic communications
B) Wireless communication systems
C) Satellite networks
D) Ethernet networks

Answer: A) Fiber optic communications

Q10: Which of the following is true about digital signals?

A) They can have infinite values
B) They are more resistant to noise compared to analog signals
C) They require continuous frequency modulation
D) They need special error-checking mechanisms

Answer: B) They are more resistant to noise compared to analog signals