HEALTH BENEFITS OF

GLADIOLI

By
Dr. George Felfoldi
© 2025, George F. Felfoldi
HEALTH BENEFITS OF
GLADIOLI
 © 2025, George Felfoldi

Please feel free to distribute this e-Book,

As long as all the information is intact,
And is unchanged.
ALL OTHER COPYRIGHTS
BELONG TO THEIR RESPECTABLE
OWNERS.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page
Copyright Information
Table Of Content
Dedication
Special Thanks
About The Author
Other Books By The Author

CHAPTER 1

Gladioli

– Gladiolus
Description Of Gladioli

– The Gladioli
 – The Stems And Leaves

– The Flowers

– The Ovary

– The Colours
Scientific Classification
Ecology
Horticulture
Cultivation

– In Temperate Zones

– Note
In Culture

– In Culture
Symbolism Of The Gladiolus

– Symbolism

– In Battle

– Myths & Traditions

Some Top Benefits
Our Lives Filled With Gladiolus

– Moments Of Remembrance & Celebration

– Beacon And Well Being

Gladiolus In Artworks
Different Species

– List Of Species

CHAPTER 2

How To Plant And Grow Gladiolus

– Common Names

– All You Need To know

– Choose The Right Bulbs

– Guide Information

– When To Plant Bulbs

 – Where To Plant Bulbs

– How To Plant Bulbs

– Care During Growing Season

– Cutting The Flower Spikes

– Stalking Plants

– Watering After Planting

– Fall Care For Plants

– How To Propagate Plants

Pests And Plant Diseases

– Gladioli

– The Biggest Threat

CHAPTER 3

Introduction To Cultivation

– Intro To Cultivation
 – Varieties Of Cultivars For Gladiolus

– Small Flowered Cultivars

– Climate Requirements

– Propagation / Cultivation

– Seeds, Rate, Planting, Space

– Intercultural Operations

– Gladiolus Harvesting

– Yield Of Flowers

– Marketing

CHAPTER 4

Uses And Health Benefits Of Gladiolus

– Health Benefits

CHAPTER 5
How To Prepare And Cook

– Is Gladiolus Edible?

– How To Prepare And Cook

– Potential Benefits From Consuming Gladiolus

– Precautions And Risks

– Exploring Alternative Uses

– In The Kitchen

CHAPTER 6

Recipes Section
I would like to dedicate this e-Book
To my late mom and dad and
And also to all my readers
And friends.

THIS BOOK IS TO YOU ALL.

I would like to thank all the people,
Companies, Organizations,
Family and friends that made
This e-Book possible.

The Toronto Public Library

Metro News Media
Toronto Star Newspaper
Internet Pictures
Dr. Haase, DC
Wikipedia Organization
 Print Artist Ver. 25.0.0.6
Roza Felfoldi
Erno Yeno Felfoldi
Erno Gaza Felfoldi
Margaret MacPhee
Dr. Sydney Davis, MD
Dr. Harvy Kline, MD
Dr. David Calapinto, MD
Bettyann Hall
Gardinia Creating gardens
Gardening Solutions
Health All
Agriculture Hunt
Horticulture Industry Organization
Kiersten Rankel
The Toronto Garden Club
Muhammed Shahzoz Khan, B.sc (Hons.)
Garden Lovers Club
Mohammad Ramzan Rafique
Vern Nelson
Caroline Bates
Green Packs
Oregon Live Media
Natalie Butler, RDN, LD
 ABOUT THE AUTHOR

George F. Felfoldi (aka) Gyorgy Ferenc Felfoldi

Dr. George Felfoldi is an Independent

Baptist Minister, An Author, Song writer
And Musician who is a native to
Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
George holds several doctors degrees in
Various fields and has written several books,
On different subjects such as:
Occult, Health, Religion, Herbals,
Ships, and also Poetry and Lyrics.
George is also married and
Has four grown children.
 OTHER BOOKS BY
THE AUTHOR

2006

Katoomba - Columbia
The Powers of Garlic
Speaking to God Through Prayers
Ginger the Herb and Root Guide
The Complete Book On Angels
Chamomile The Healing Herb
The Healing Powers of Aloe Vera
The Healing Powers of Cranberry
The Healing Powers Of Seaweed And Algae
The Spiritual Key To Healing
The Healing Powers of Pomegranate

2007

The Healing Powers Of Blueberries

AMD – Age-Related Macular Degeneration
A Modern Look At Solar Power
The Healing Powers of Oregano
The Healing Powers of Coconuts
The Book of Spells :White Magic Vs. Black Magic
The Healing Powers of Cherries
Experimenting With the G-Spot
Sex Magic
The Images of God
The Healing Powers of Thistles
The Felfoldi’s :Medical Herbal Encyclopedia
The Complete Book on Herbal Magick
The Herbs And the Animals of the Bible
The Road To Better Health
The Gnomes In Mythology
The Magic of Having Great Sex
The Healing Powers of Strawberries
The Backyard Terror :Squirrels
Changing The Way We Look At Wolves
Cooking With Eggs Cookbook
The Healing Powers Of Watermelons

2008

The Healing Powers of Mangos

The Complete Book On Angels (Second Edition)
The State of Man (In Relationship To The Bible)
The Healing Powers of Tomatoes
The Schooner, Bluenose II
The Healing Powers of Mushrooms
A Modern Look At Parapsychology

Angel Light Bible Studies (A complete 22 lesson course)

Peach Popourri (A book on Peaches)
Hypnosis For Self Betterment And Healing
The Down To Earth Cookbook
The Science of Faith and Other God’s Sciences
World Wide Ghosts & Hauntings
The Modern Look At Poetry

2009

The Science of Mind Transformation

A New Look at Scheurmann’s Disease
Loch Ness Mystery
In Search of Mysterious Primates
The Healing Powers of Pineapples
The Healing Powers of Limes
The Scottish-Hungarian Cookbook
Cooking With Friends Cookbook
Spirit Orbs Photography
The Secret of Healthy Living
The Healing Powers of Mr. Garlic
The Complete Book On Herbal Magick (2nd. Edition)
Spellcasting :White & Black Magic
The Healing Powers of Kiwi Fruit
A World Of Food Cookbook
A Psychic Connection To 2012
Paranormal Phenomenon :Levitation
Aliens Are Among Us
2010

The Devil And His Demons :Activities, Facts & Evidence

2012

Bed Bugs In The Woodwork

The Cockroach Invasion
The Basics of the Chinese Zodiac
Focusing the Mind, The Inner Universe
The Healing Properties of Honey

2014

The Toe Nail Fungus Book

The Healing Powers of Peppermint
The Healing Powers of Dandelion
The Healing Powers of Cloves

2015

The New Age Cookbook

From My Table
The Book Of Ginger
From My Table Cookbook
Cooking Is For Everyone
Tranquility Of Mind, Modern Lyrics & Poetry

2017

Kimberley's Famous Recipes

2018
Don't Stop Pooking
Hamsters Simplified
My Scottish Fold Long Haired Cat
Good Foods Made Easy
The Healing Powers Of Black Pepper
The Healing Powers Of Coffee
The Healing Powers Of Turmeric
The Healing Powers Of Water
Bedbugs Simplified

2019

Farmer's Wife Olde And New Tyme Recipes

2021

Everyday Cookbook
Cherries, A Superfood
Healing Properties Of Bananas
Healing Properties Of Corn
Healing Properties Of Garlic
Healing Properties Of Paprika
Healing Properties Of Turnip
Pears, A Superfood
Plums, A Superfood
Healing Properties Of Cranberries, 53p
Healing Properties Of Ginger
Cooking Through A Pandemic

2022

Cleaning And Kitchen Tips

From Hungarian And Scottish Kitchens
Blue Mountain Cookbook
Yes You Can Cook
Health Benefits Of Ginger

2023

Creative Home Cooking Vol. 1

Nessie Of Loch Ness
The Power Of Lemons
The Power Of Apples
Healing Properties Of Thistles
Health Benefits Of Dandelion
Healing Properties Of Pumpkins
Everything Pumpkin Cookbook
Everything Dandelion Cookbook
Health Benefits Of Potatoes
Everything Potatoes Cookbook
Angels Are Among Us
Healing Benefits Of Sesame Seeds
Healing Benefits Of Cinnamon
Healing Benefits Of Honey
Health Benefits Of Leaf Of Life
It's All About The Broccoli
Health Benefits Of Zucchini
Health Benefits Of Grapes
Health Benefits Of Cabbage
Health Benefits Of Carrots
SUNLIGHT :Its Effects On The Human Environment
Health Benefits Of Blueberries
Healing Benefits Of Pomegranates
Another Look At Seaweed And Algae
Health Benefits And Use Of Elderberry Fruit
Cooking Is For Young And Old
Cooking Healthy With George
Eating Healthy With George
According To The Bible

2024

Health Benefits Of Bay Leaves

Health Benefits Of Parsley
Speaking To God Through Prayers (2nd. Edition)
Mark Of The Stone Dragon (Modern Lyrics) (1 st. Edition)
Phases Of The Mind (Modern Lyrics) (1 st. Edition)
Domestic Cats And Cat Behaviour
Health Benefits Of Caraway Seeds
Health Benefits Of Rice
Health Benefits Of Thyme
From St. Michael's Hospital To Toronto Rehab Institute : My
Road To Recovery
Health Benefits Of Saffron
Health Benefits Of Apple Cider
The Powers Of Flowers :Marigolds
Limes: Health Properties And Benefits
Health Benefits Of Raspberries
From A Health Perspective: Onions
The Powers Of Flowers: Lavender
Health Benefits Of Huckleberries
Health Benefits Of Cucamelons
Wild Blackberries: Health Benefits And Properties
Health Benefits Of Gooseberries
Health Benefits Of Cocao Beans
Health Benefits Of Walking
Milk: Health And Nutrition
Health Benefits Of Sunflower Seeds
Work Your Magic (White & Black Magic)
Understanding The Different Laws (Universal Laws, Spiritual
Laws, Natural Laws, Physical Laws)
Too Many Cooks In The Kitchen

2025

Our Kitchen Cookbook

Health Benefits Of Dragon Fruit
Hypnosis And Self Healing
Health Benefits Of Carnations
Health Benefits Of Gladioli
CHAPTER
(1)
 GLADIOLI

GLADIOLUS:

Gladiolus came from the Latin (the diminutive of “Gladius”, a

sword), is a genus of perennial cormous flowering plant that
is in the Iris family (Iridaceae).

This plant is sometimes called the “Sword Lily” but it is usually

called by its generic name, (plural Gladioli).

The genus occurs in:

1. Asia
2. Mediterranean
3. Europe
4. South Africa
5. and Tropical Africa.

The center of diversity is in the Cape Floristic Region. The

genera:

1. Acidanthera
2. Anomalesia
 3. Homoglossun
4. and Oenostachys

formerly considered distinct, are also now included in

Gladiolus.
 DESCRIPTION OF
GLADIOLI

THE GLADIOLI:

Gladioli grow from around, symmetrical corms, (very similar

to crocuses), that are enveloped in several layers of brownish,
fibrous tunics.
THE STEM AND LEAVES:

The stem are generally unbranched, producing 1 to 9 narrow,

sword shaped, longitudinal groved leaves, enclosed in a
sheath. The lowest leaf is shortened to the cataphyll. The leaf
blades can be plane or cruciform in cross section.

The adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaf exhibits micro

straitions with aligned micro protrusions, that are coated with
a waxy nano flakes. This three level surface structure enables
the leaf to shed rainfall droplets in a unindirectional manner
due to anisotropic superhydrophobicity features.

THE FLOWERS:

The flowers of unmodofied wild species vary from very small

to about 40 mm across, and inflorescences bearing anything
from one to several flowers. The spectacular giant flower
spikes in commerce are the product of centuries of
hybridization and selection.
The flower spikes are large and one sided, with secund,
bisexual flowers, each subtended by two leathery, green
bracts. The sepals and the petals are almost identical in
appearance, and they are termed petals.

They are united at their base into a tube shaped structure. The
dorsal tepal is the largest, that is arching over the tree
stemens. The outer three tepals are narrower. The perianth is
funnel shaped, with the stamens attached to its base. The
style has three filiform, spoon shaped branches, each of the
expending towards the apex.

THE OVARY:

The ovary is a three locular with oblong or globose capsules,

containing many, winged brown, longitudinally dehiscent
seeds.

THE COLOURS:
These flowers are variously coloured, ranging from:

– Pink to reddish,

– or light Purple to white,

– contrasting markings,

– or White to cream,

– or Orange to Red.
SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION

GLADIOLUS

Gladiolus italicus

SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
KINGDOM: – Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
 Clade: - Angiosperms
Clade: - Monocots
ORDER: Asparagales
FAMILY: - Iridaceae
Subfamily: - Crocoideae
TRIBE: - Gladioleae
GENUS: - Gladiolus

TYPE SPECIES
Gladiolus communis L.

SPECIES
There are about 260 different types

SYNONYMS
. Antholyza L.
. Liliogladiolus Christoph Jacob Trew
. Cunonia Mill., nom. Illeg.
. Hebea R.Hedw.
. Anisanthus Sweet
. Sphaerospora Sweet, nom. Inval.
. Bertera Steud.
. Petamenes Salisb. Ex J.W.Loudon
. Acidanthera Hochst.
. Ballosporum Salisb.
. Homoglossum Salisb.
. Hyptissa Salisb.
. Ophiolyza Salisb.
. Ranisia Salisb.
. Symphydolon Salisb.
. Solenanthus Steud ex Klatt
. Keitia Regel
 . Oenostachys Bollock
. Anomalesia N.E.Br.
. Kentrosphon N.E.Br.
. Petamenes Salisb. ex N.E.Br. Nom. Illeg.
. Dortania A.Chev.

X Gladanthera J.M.Wright
X Homoglad Ingram
 ECOLOGY

The South African species were originally pollinated by long

tongued anthophorini bees, but some changes in the
pollination system have occurred, allowing pollination by
sunbirds, noctuid and hawk-moths, long tongued flies and
several others pollinators.

In the temperate zones of Europe many of the hybrid large

flowering sorts of gladiolus can be pollinated by small well
known wasps. Wasps are not very good pollinators for these
plants because of the large flowers of the plants and the small
size of the wasps.

Another insect in this zone which can try some of the nectar of
the gladioli is the best known Europe Hawk-moth that usually
pollinates many popular garden flowers like:

1. Petunia,
2. Zinnia,
3. Dianthus,

and many other different garden flowers.

Gladioli are used as food plants by the larvae of some

Lepidopters species including the Large Yellow Underwing,
and gladiolus thrips.
 HORTICULTURE

These plants (gladioli) have been extensively hybridized and a

wide range of ornamental flower colours are available from
the many varieties. The main hybrid groups have been
obtained by crossing four or five different species, followed by
selection:
 1. “Grandiforus”,
2. “Primuline”
3. and “Namus”.
These all make very good cuts for flower displays.

The majority of species in this genus are diploid with 30

cromosomes (2n=30), but Grandiflora hybrids are tetraploid
and they possess 60 chromosomes (2n=4x=60).

This is because the main parental species of these hybrids is

the “Gladiolus dalenii”, which is also a tetraploid and it
includes a wide range of varieties such as the Grandiflora
hybrids.
 CULTIVATION

Gladiolus hybridus corms or bulbs. They

are used in Kolkata, West Bengal, and India.

IN TEMPERATE ZONES:

In temperate zones, the bulbs of most species and hybrids

should be lifted in autumn and stored over winter in a frost
free place, then they should be replanted in spring. Some
species that are from Europe and high altitudes in Africa, as
well as the small “Nanus” hybrids, are much hardier, (to at
least -26 degrees C or -15 degrees F), and they can be left in
the ground in regions with sufficiently dry winter. Nanus is
hardy to Zones 5 to 8.

The large flowered types require moisture during lot of the

growing season, and most be individually staked as soon as
the sword shaped flower heads appear.

The leaves must be allowed to die down naturally before

lifting and storing the bulbs. The plants are propergated
either from small cormlets or bulbs produced as offsets by the
parent corms, or from seeds. In either case, they take several
years to get to flowering size. Clumps should be dug up and
divided every few years to keep the plants vigorous.

These plants are affected by thrips, (thrips simplex), and

wasps, (Dasyproctus bipunctatus), that burrow into all the
flowers and causing them to collapse and die.

Numerous garden cultivars have been developed world wide,

of which “Robinstta” (a G. Recurvus hybrid), that has pink
flowers, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of
Garden Merit.

NOTE:

More on this subject in later chapters will follow.

 IN CULTURE

White Gladioli.

IN CULTURE:

. Gladiolus is the birth flower of August.

. Gladioli is the flowers that are associated with a fortieth
wedding anniversary.
. American Ragtime composer Scott Joplin composed a rag
called, “Gladiolus Rag”.
. “Gladiolus” was the word Frank Neuhauser correctly spelled
to win 1st National Spelling Bee in 1925.
. The Austrialian comedian and personality Dame Edna
Everage's signature flower were gladioli, which she referred to
as, “Gladdies”.
.The ancient Graeco-Roman god Pluto was said to wear a
wreath of what is traditionally identified as a type of
Gladiolus, called phasganion or xiphion in Koine Greek.
. The Mancunians singer Morrissey is known to dance with
gladioli hanging from his back pocket or in his hands,
especially during the era of The Smiths. This trait of his was
made known in the music video for “The Charming Man”,
where he swung a bunch of yellow gladioli while he was
singing.
. Gladioli are traditionally given to people who finish the
International Four Day Marches Nijmegen. This likely derives
from their association with victory, from the time when the
gladiators were showered with them upon victory.
SYMBOLISM OF THE
GLADIOLUS
SYMBOLISM:

Gladiolus are a symbol of strength and integrity, These plants

have a deep roots in Roman gladiator history they were
called, “The Warrior Flower'.

Gladiolus beautiful colours also enhance spaces, with a long

vase life for enduring vibrancy.

Gladiolus also attracts pollinators, and they also enriches

ecosystems, while offering mental well being to all gardeners.

IN BATTLE:

In battle. This association with gladiators underscores the

flower's symbolism of strength and moral integrity.

MYTHS & TRADITIONS:

Across different cultures, Gladiolus carries diverse meaning.

In Britain – The pants bulbs were once used as a remedy for

splinters and thorns. The flower's symbolism extends to
faithfullness and rememberance, making it a tradition (40 th.
Anniversary gift).

Each colour of this plant holds its own meaning:

1. Red stands for pasion,

2. White stands for purity,
3. Pink stands for motherly love,

just to mane a few.

SOME TOP BENEFITS
1. A SPECTRUM OF COLOURS – Each colour carries its own
mood, that is capable of painting your garden with the
emotional hues of a sunset or the vibrant energy of a
midsummer day.
2. THE GIFT OF LONGEVITY – These flower blooms are no
fleeting beauties. Cut a stalk and it will grace your vase
on the table with endurance, keeping your living space
vibrant for days. It is like having a live in artist who
constantly refreshes the canvas of your home with
strokes of elegance.
3. THE GARDEN CHARM – If we are talking about height it is
not only for skyscrapers. Gladiolus adds a vertical
dimension to the garden that is very hard to miss. These
plants towering spikes are nature's exclamation points,
creating focal points that draws the eyes and also adds
structure to your personal “Garden of Eden”.

4. A SEASONAL SYMPHONY – The Gladiolus does not

just bloom, each plants performs a timed dance, with
each group of plants taking the stage at just the right
moment. If you plant, plant these plants in succession,
and your garden will become a theater with a show that
 runs from the heat of summer to the first cool wispers of
fall.
5. A HAVEN FOR POLLINATORS – Butterflies and bees can
not resist the siren call of Gladiolus. By planting these
beautiful plants, you are not just decorating your garden,
you are enriching the local ecosystem. This is a win – win
for all: a biodiversity boost that also happens that looks
like a masterpiece.
OUR LIVES FILLED
WITH GLADIOLUS
MOMENTS OF REMEMBERANCE & CELEBRATION:

The Gladiolus plant, often a guest of honour at weddings,

symbolizes infatuation and love, especially in its pink and red
varieties.

Its towering presence and vibrant colours add a moral

integrity, that is resonating with the spirit of remembrance at
funerals.

BEACON OF WELL BEING:

Cultivating these beautiful flowers is not just about adding

splashes of different colours to your garden, it is a therapeutic
journey.

The process of nurturing these blooms from bulbs or corms, to

their full glory offers a person a rewarding escape from the
daily grind, reducing stress and promoting mental well being.
Gardeners often find that joy and a sense of achievement in
the blooming spikes, akin to receiving an unexpected
compliment.

The Gladiolus, with its seasonal display, ensures a continuous

connection with nature's cycles, enriching the cultivator's life
with beauty and serenity.
GLADIOLUS IN
ARTWORKS
 DIFFERENT SPECIES

LIST OF SPECIES:

Here below are a list of different species of Gladiolus. The

genus Gladiolus contain about 300 different species of plants,
The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families had over 276
species in 1988. As of February 2017, it accepted 300 species.
There are 260 species of gladiolus endemic in Southern Africa,
and 76 in tropical Africa. About 10 species are native to
Eurasia.

The genus Gladiolus has been divided into many different

sections. Most species, however, are only tentatively placed.

. Gladiolus abbreviatus Andrews

. Gladiolus abyssinicus
. Gladiolus actinormorphantus
. Gladiolus acuminatus
. Gladiolus aequinoctialis
. Gladiolus aladagenis
. Gladiolus alatus
. Gladiolus albens
. Gladiolus ampfilolius
. Gladiolus anatolicus
. Gladiolus andringitrae
. Gladiolus angustus
. Gladiolus antakiensis
. Gladiolus antandroyi
. Gladiolus appendiculatus
. Gladiolus aquamontanus
. Gladiolus arcuatus
. Gladiolus atropicus
. Gladiolus atropurpureus
. Gladiolus Atroviolaceus
. Gladiolus attilae
. Gladiolus aurantiacus
. Gladiolus aureus
. Gladiolus balensis
. Gladiolus baumii
. Gladiolus bellus
. Gladiolus benguellensis
. Gladiolus bilineatus
. Gladiolus blommestenii
. Gladiolus bojeri
. Gladiolus bonaespei
. Gladiolus boranensis
. Gladiolus brachyphyllus
.Gladiolus brevifolius
. Gladiolus brevitubus
. Gladiolus buckerveldii
. Gladiolus bullatus
. Gladiolus caeruleus
. Gladiolus calcaratus
. Gladiolus calcicola
. Gladiolus canaliculatus
. Gladiolus candidus
. Gladiolus cardinalis
. Gladiolus carmineus
. Gladiolus carneus
. Gladiolus caryophyllaceus
. Gladiolus cataractarus
. Gladiolus caucasicus
. Gladiolus ceresianus
. Gladiolus chelamontanus
. Gladiolus chevalierianus
. Gladiolus communis
. Gladiolus comptonii
. Gladiolus crassifolius
. Gladiolus crispulatus
. Gladiolus cruentus
. Gladiolus cunonius
. Gladiolus curtifolius
. Gladiolus curtilimbus
. Gladiolus cylindraceus
. Gladiolus dalenii
. Gladiolus davisoniae
. Gladiolus debeerstii
. Gladiolus debilis
. Gladiolus decaryi
. Gladiolus decoratus
. Gladiolus delpierrie
. Gladiolus densiflorus
. Gladiolus desertocola
. Gladiolus dichrous
. Gladiolus diluvialis
. Gladiolus dolichosiphon
. Gladiolus dolomiticus
. Gladiolus dzavakheticus
. Gladiolus ecklonii
. Gladiolus elliotii
. Gladiolus emiliae
CHAPTER
(2)
 HOW TO PLANT, AND
GROW GLADIOLUS

A Pink Gladiolus

COMMON NAMES:

Here are some common names for Gladiolus:

 1. Sword Lilies,
2. Gladiolus grandiflorus,
3. Gladiolus nanus,
4. Gladiolus callianthus murielae,
5. Abyssinian Sword Lily,
6. Gladiolus communis ssp Byzanthinus,
7. Byzantine Gladiolus.

Symbols of moral integrity, strength of character, infatuation,

sincerity, and resembrance, Gladioli, also known as sword
lilies, are cormous perennials boasting spectacular spikes of
trumpet shaped flowers in a surprisingly wild range of colours.
Borne atop attractive fans of sword shaped or linear leaves,
they always provided a dramatic effects with their rich and
cheerful colours and their breathtaking vertical lines. These
plants are easy to grow but some rules do apply and they

must be followed. Gladiolus flowers deserve a spot in flower

beds and borders, containers, or in glower arrangements.
ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW:

Like I have mentioned in the previous chapter, Gladiolus are

native to Africa, and also to the Mediterranean region of the
world. There are around 300 different species of this flowering
plant which is in the Iris family.

These plants are perennials that grow from bulb like corms
which is covered with a fibrous papery skin. These plants
blooming from late spring until frost, depending on
geographic area and species. Gladiolus flower for about 2 to 3
weeks, their blooms opening in successions from range of
pastel to bright colours.

Gladiolus species and hybrids grow back year after year and
they gently spread and multiply under good growing
conditions, creating a drift of colourful flowers.

CHOOSE THE RIGHT BULBS:

Choose bulbs that are large, firm and plump. The size of the
corms is highly correlated to the height of the spike and the
number of florets per spike. The large corms, means the
bigger the plant and the more spectacular the flowers.

Large bulbs typically bloom about 10 to 15 days ahead of

medium size bulbs. Smaller size bulbs usually require about 3
to 4 weeks longer than the larger ones.

Flower bulbs are measured in centimeters around the

broadest circumference of the bulb. The optimal size for large
and medium flowered Gladioli corms is 12 to 14 cm. Small
flowered Gladioli bulbs have an optimal size of 8+
centimeters.

GUIDE INFORMATION:

HARDINESS – 5 to 11
HEAT ZONES – 1 to 9
CLIMATE ZONES – 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
PLANT TYPE – Bulb, Perennials
GENUS – Gladiolus
EXPOSURE – Full sun
SEASONS OF INTEREST – Spring (late), Summer (Early, Mid,
Late), Fall, Winter,
MAINTENANCE – Average
WATERING NEEDS – Average
SOIL TYPE – Chalk, Loam, Sand
SOIL pH – Acid, Alkaline, Neutral
SOIL DRAINAGE – Moist to well drained, Well drained
CHARACTERISTICS – Cut flowers, Showy
TOLERANCE – Rabbit, Deer
ATTRACTS – Bees, Butterflies, Hummingbirds
LANDSCAPING IDEAS – Beds and Borders, Patio and
Containers
GARDEN STYLE – City and Courtyards, Traditional Gardens,
Informal and Cottages
WHEN TO PLANT BULBS:

The best time to plant these bulbs is in the spring. These

plants may be started indoors as early as a month before the
average last frost date, (for early blooms), or they can be
planted directly in the ground after the danger of frost has
passed and the soil has warmed up a little to at least 55
degrees F or (13 degrees C).

Since Gladiolus bloom only once each season for about 2 to 3

weeks, you may plant Gladiolus bulbs every two weeks from
the last frost date until the early summer to extend their
colourful show.

It typically takes 10 to 12 weeks from planting to flowering,

depending on the weather conditions and also on the variety
of the plant. The last planting should never be later than early
July to give the bulbs enough time to develop and mature
before the frost.
WHERE TO PLANT THE BULBS:

For these plants the best flowering occurs in full sun in

humidity, medium moisture, and well drained soil. These
plants adapt to a wide range of different soils “EXCEPT FOR
CLAY”.

Provide consistent moisture during all the growing season,

and do not allow the soil to dry out. The lack of water may
cause shorter spikes, smaller florets, and also smaller bulbs
for the next growing season. After flowering, you can reduce
watering.

These plants also look wonderful in beds and borders and also
in home or apartment containers.

In addition, to their garden uses, Gladiolus are also very

important as cut flowers.
HOW TO PLANT THE BULBS:

Again, I have covered some of this part in Chapter 1. Did over

the soil to loosen it and fork in well rotted manure or garden
compost to help regain moisture, improve drainage, and also
to add some nutrition.

Plant large bulbs 4 to 6 inches deep (10 to 15 cm), medium

size croms 3 to 4 inches deep or (7 to 10 cm), small corms 2 to
3 inches deep or (5 to 7 cm).

The corms must be 5 inches apart or (12 cm). Gladioli are

often planted too far apart, so they do not show their best.
Planting these plants too close together will also enable them
to hold each other and reduce the need of staking.

Plant these plants in groups of 7 plants minimum for best

visual impact. Set the Gladiolus corms with the sprout facing
up. Cover the corm with soil and water as needed. Mulch to
keep the weeds down and observe the soil moisture. If you
are using containers place the corms closer together.

CARE DURING GROWING SEASON:

1. Provide the plant consistent moisture during all the

growing season, and do not allow the soil to get dried
out.
2. Feed with a liquid fertilizer that is high in potassium to
promote the plant to flower when the flower spikes
emerge.
3. Keep the soil surface free from any weeds.

CUTTING THE FLOWER SPIKES:

To really enjoy the best of your flowers, try to pick them when
the first florets are being opened. The remaining florets will
open in time. Cut the spikes in the early morning or in the
evening for freshness, making sure that at least 4 leaves are
left on the plant to allow the croms to develope.
Place the flowers in warm water to keep the florets from
wilting. Leave the plant in a cool, dark place for several hours
before composing your bouquet. This will help the flowers to
harden up and will make them last longer.

Change the water daily, and give the stems a fresh cut to
extend their flower life.

STAKING PLANTS:

Gladiolus that grow 3 to 4 feet or that are taller will probably

need to be staked or caged to prevent the stakes from
bending or breaking.

Set the stakes in the ground at planting time to avoid any

damage to the corms.

WATERING AFTER PLANTING:

After planting, water the Gladiolus thoroghly to keep the soil
evenly moist throughout the growing season. During dry
weather, soak the ground thoroghly to supply the equivalent
of an inch of rainwater per week.

To help conserve moisture and control the weeds, apply 2 to 4

inches of mulch around the plants.

FALL CARE FOR PLANTS:

Many Gladiolus species and hybrids are winter hardy in zones

8 to 11, meaning that their corms can be left in the soil year
round in these areas. However, if you live in a colder area(s)
and want to save your bulbs for next spring, you can dig them
up before the first frost and store them over the winter before
planting them next spring.

The bulbs are usually ready for digging about 6 weeks after
the plants have bloomed. Their leaves should be yellow and
dying back.
Dig up the bulbs when the soil is dry. Wash off the soil and cut
the tops off cut above the corms. Place them in a light, warm
and well ventilated place for 2 to 3 weeks to cure or to
eliminate excess moisture from the plant bulbs.

These are dried corms or bulbs.

After the corms are cured, separate the new corms from the
old corms. These two parts should snap apart easily by hand
and leave a clean scar on the new corm. Remove all the loose
husks, leaving the wrapper husks intact.
The small cormlets can be saved and later planted the
following year, but it will take them 2 to 3 years to produce a
blooming size corm from them.

Before putting all your bulbs into storage, make sure that you
dust them with insecticide to control thrips. Place the bulbs in
trays, paper bags, mesh onion bags or even in nylon stockings
for winter storage.

Store the bulbs in a dry, cool, frost free place where the
temperature remains between 35 to 40 degrees F or 1 to 4
degrees C.

HOW TO PROPAGATE PLANTS:

Gladiolus can be propagated from seeds or cormlets.

1. BY SEED – Gladioli species can be grown from seeds. Sow

in spring in a cool greenhouse but DO NOT expect the
Gladiolus flowers before 2 to 3 years.
2. BY CORMLETS – These are small daughter corms that
naturally form around the main corms. These corms can
be detached when lifting plants and planting the
following year, but still it will take 2 to 3 years to produce
a blooming size corm from them.

A beautiful red Gladiolus.

PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES

Different coloured Gladiolus.

GLADIOLI:

Gladioli are deer and rabbit resistant, but these plants are
toxic to:

1. Dogs,
2. Cats,
3. Horses.

Beware of:

1. mice,
2. Squirrels,
3. Chipmunks,
4. Wolves,
5. Gophers,

for these above love Gladiolus corms.

Gladioli are fairly trouble free. However you have to watch
also for:

1. Aphids,
2. Slugs,
3. Gladioli thrips,
4. Rot,
5. Gray mould,
6. and Botrytis.

THE BIGGEST THREAT:

The biggest threat to Gladioli are the thrips, which are tiny
flying insects that like to feed on the foliage and also on the
flower buds. These tiny insects are very hard to spot without a
magnifying glass, SO WATCH your gladioli for signs of thrips
damage, that includes silvery streaks and small white patches
that are on the leaves and buds that fail to open.
Red Flowers.
CHAPTER
(3)
INTRODUCTION
TO CULTIVATION
INTRO TO CULTIVATION:

In Chapter 1, I have mentioned about Cultivation but in this

Chapter I will do into more detail about this subject.

GLADIOLUS is perennial cormous flowering plants that is

belonging to the Iridaceae family. The Botanical name of this
plant is Gladiolus tristis. However, the name “Gladiolus” is
derived from the Latin word “Gladius”, a word that means
“Sword”, for the shape of the leaves. The common name is
Gladiolus or Sword Lily or Natal Lily. I think that this is one of
the beautiful flowers that blossom from October to March in
plains and June to September in hills. These plants can be
grown both in pots and beds as long as proper care is taken.

There are around 225 different types of these plants that are
native to Africa alone. However, there are more than 300
variations of these plants around the world. Commercial
flower farmers grow these plants in polyhouse or greenhouses
as well. One can get decent profit under ideal cultivation
practices.
VARIETIES OF CULTIVARS OF GLADIOLUS:

There are mainly two types of variety that is grown; big

flowered and small flowered.

The following is some of the varieties:

1. George mazne,
2. Patrica,
3. Ratan butterfly,
4. Snow princess,
5. Apple blossom,
6. Black Jack,
7. Black beauty,
8. Cherry blossom,
9. Friendship,
10. Melody,
11. Royal tublee,
 12. Mayur,
13. Nazana,
14. Apsara,
15. Sapna,
16. Arti,
17. Poonam,
18. and Shobha.
19.
SMALL FLOWERED VARIETIES:

1. Canberra,
2. Red canna,
3. Butterfly,
4. and Royal jubilee.

CLIMATE REQUIREMENTS:

These beautiful flowers can grow in subtropical and

temperate climate conditions.

The Gladiolus plants can grow in a wide range of different soil

except in clay. Well drained sandy soil that is rich in organic
matter with pH ranging from 6.0 to 6.5 are best suitable for
their growth and best for flower yield.

Soil that is water logged should be avoided at all cost.

Commercial horticulture farmers should opt for soil test to
find out the soil fertility. Any soil nutrient and micro nutrient
deficiencies should be covered as part of the land preparation.

PROPAGATION / CULTIVATION:

The commercial propagation of Gladiolus plants is done by

bulbs. A minimum of 5 cm diameter of bulbs are required for
propagation. Make sure that these bulbs are healthy and are
disease free.

When it come to the shape of bulbs, conical shaped bulbs

gives better flowers when they are compared to flat shaped
ones.

SEEDS, RATE, PLANTING, SPACING:

1,50,000 bulbs to 1,60,000 bulbs are required to cover 1

hectare field. Select healthy and disease free bulbs that is
good for planting. These bulbs can be planted on ridges or
furrows at the distance of 20 cm x 30 cm with depth of 5 cm to
10 cm. Avoid deep planting as it may cause decaying of bulbs
in the soil.

INTERCULTURAL OPERATIONS:

For a healthy growth of the crop and high yields of flowers, it

is mandatory to make the filed weed free. Earthing up the soil
is a must in case of light soils and strong stakes are required to
support long spikes to prevent them from wind breakage.
Stakes are mandatory especially when growing large flowered
varieties of Gladiolus to avoid lodging.
When the plant shoots are about 20 cm high they should be
covered with the soil up to a height of 15 cm. This process
makes sure that the plants to grow erect without distributing
from heavy winds and rain. This process is also helpful in
suppressing weed growth at the base of the plant.

GLADIOLUS HARVESTING:

Usually, these plants take 3 to 4 months or 90 to 120 days to

produce spikes depending on the variety of plant. During
harvesting, at least 4 to 5 basal leaves should be retained on
the plants to ensure proper development of bulbs and
cormels.

YIELD OF FLOWERS:

The yield of any type of crop depends on many different

factors such as:
1. Plant age,
 2. Soil type,
3. Variety (cultivar),
4. Climate,
5. Temperature,
6. Humidity,
7. and other garden / crop management practices.

In Gladiolus cultivation, one can obtain a yield of 2 to 3 lakh

spikes/ha, 18,000 to 20,000 kg corms/ha under ideal farming
conditions.

MARKETING:

The fresh flowers can be placed and packed in a card board

box that is made for this purpose. These boxes can be
transported to the nearest flower markets or sell to flower
agents. Even some farmers sell the fresh cur flowers at the
farmer gate (or farmers market).
CHAPTER
(4)
USES AND HEALTH BENEFITS
OF GLADIOLUS
 Gladiolus “Black Beauty”.

Nearly black blooms with deep burgundy highlights are as

plush as velvet. Especially dramatic when paired in the garden
or in a vase with a pure white gladiolus, such as “White
Prosperity”.

HEIGHT – 4 to 5 feet
DAY UNTIL BLOOM – 70 to 100 days
HEALTH BENEFITS:

The primary purpose is to produce beautiful cut flowers which

can be marketed to local flower markets or these flowers can
be grown for ornamental (decorative) purpose in the garden.

However, there are some medicinal health benefits of dried

bulb that is ground into a powder.

Here are some health benefits of Gladiolus (Powder):

1. Gladiolus flower bulb powder may help in curing

common cold.
2. Gladiolus flower bulb powder may relief diarrhea.
3. Gladiolus bulb powder may alleviate constipation.
4. Gladiolus flower bulb may reduce pain during
menstruation in women.
5. Gladiolus flower bulb powder may help in curing fungal
infections.
 6. Gladiolus flower bulb powder may help in relieving
ulcers.
7. Gladiolus flower bulb powder may help in curing
meningitis.

How gladiolus effects women with endometriosis;

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM – It is said that gladiolus has been used in

traditional South Africa medicine to improve the functions of
the digestive system in absorbing the variety of nutrients that
are necessary for women with endometriosis because for
what ever the reasons, most of them are found to have some
kinds of nutrients deficiency during menstrual period.

SECRETION SYSTEM – These plants also helps to improve the

contraction of the large intestine and movement of stool that
decrease the risk of constipation resulting in lessening the
menstrual cramps for some women if endometrial implants
and adhesion attached to the secretion organs.
NERVOUS SYSTEM – Gladiolus it also helps the liver in fat and
protein metabolism resulting in lessening the tension of
nervous system including;

. Systems of fatigue,
. Emotional and physical stress,
. Anxiety and depression.

MENSTRUAL CRAMPS – It is said that this plant also helps in

regulating the function of certain hormone in the
prostaglandins family as resulting of liver function in balancing
the levels of fatty acids.

As we know unbalancing of fatty acids cause over production

of some members in the prostaglandins hormone resulting in
over active uterine muscles and menstrual cramps.

SEXUAL DESIRE – Gladiolus are said to contain a substance

that helps to stimulate the production of testosterone which
is essential for some women who have had symptoms of
libido during menstrual cycle that is caused by low levels of
testosterone in the body.

A White Gladiolus.
CHAPTER
(5)
 HOW TO PREPARE
AND COOK

IS GLADIOLUS EDIBLE?

These plants are well known for their vibrant and ornamental
flowers, they also have an interesting culinary history that has
intrigued many people. While these beautiful plants are
primarily appreciated for beauty in many gardens around the
world, and also for their floral arrangements, there is a
question that comes up very often is that: Are gladiolus
edible?

When it comes to the edibility of Gladiolus, it is important to

note that all parts of the plant are INDEED EDIBLE. From the
bulbs to the blooms, these plants offer a unique culinary
experience that has been explored for their aesthetic appeal
and for their potential nutritional benefits.

HOW TO PREPARE AND COOK:

If you are interested in adding gladiolus into your culinary

ventures, it is essential to know how to properly prepare and
cook the bulbs. Gladiolus bulbs can be:

1. peeled,
2. sliced,
 3. and cooked in various ways.

Gladiolus Edible flower bulbs.

Whether you choose to sautee them, roast them in your oven,

or include them in your stir fries, these bulbs can add a
delightful texture and mild flavour to all of your dishes.

POTENTIAL BENEFITS FROM CONSUMING GLADIOLUS:

Aside from their unique taste and culinary versatility, this
plant also offers many potential health benefits. These plants
are rich in fiber, vitamins and minerals, these gladiolus bulbs
can be very nutritious as an addition to your diet. They can
help to support your digestive health, and they can provide
essential nutrients that your body needs and also contribute
to a well rounded eating plan.

PRECAUTIONS AND RISKS:

While generally the Gladiolus are safe to eat, it is important

to exercise caution when preparing and consuming these
plants. Some people may be allergic to certain flowers or
plants, so it is advisable to consult with your family doctor or
with your health professional if you have any concerns about
potential allergies or other reactions.

EXPLORING ALTERNATIVE USES:

Beyond their culinary applications, these plant flowers can be

also used in various creative ways and applications. From
decorating top of cakes to infusing drinks.

Gladiolus blooms offer a visually stunning touch to a wide

range of different dishes and beverages. Their vibrant colours
and delicate petals make this plant a versatile ingredient in
the culinary world.

IN THE KITCHEN:

The garden Gladiolus makes a dramatic addition to the dining

table. These plants have a huge range of colours, some
varieties are fragrant, and they bloom potentially season long.
The flowers' edibility is a delightful extra.

The Gladiolus flowers taste slightly tart and vegetal, so they

are best used as:
1. Containers for seafood,
2. or Fruit salads,
 3. Salsa,
4. Chile peppers,
5. Dips,
6. Cheese stuffed jumbo olives,
7. or as a Dessert.

Gladiolus for foods should be grown organically.

Pink individual flowers, (or whole stalks), in the early morning

before the sun dries them. Wash the flowers very gently, pat
them dry and place into a moistened plastic bed with a little
air space left in it. Put the bag into the refrigerator.

Remove the flowers a few minutes before you need to use

them and dip into ice cold water to freshen them. Place the
flower stalks into warm water and then in a dark cool place
for about half a day or so to harden them off so that they will
last longer. The stamens before filling the flowers.
Use Gladiolus fresh whenever possible, as the colours and
texture fades when cooking. Gladiolus flowers can be inserted
base down into a preformed hole in firm gelato that sits in a
pool of berry sauce or creme fraiche. A small scoop of
contrasting gelato or fresh fruit can be placed into the bloom.

Different colours of Gladiolus.

CHAPTER
(6)
RECIPES SECTION
Here in this section you will find some Gladiolus recipes
that you can try.

GLADIOLUS CARROT MISO

SALAD DRESSING

MAKES: Dressing makes about 1 1/2 cups

YIELDS: 1 1/2 cups

INGREDIENTS:

For the dressing:

. 2 medium carrots, peeled, chopped into pieces

. 3 tbsp yellow onions, chopped
. 2 (1 inch) of fresh ginger, peeled
. 1 tsp fresh garlic, minced
. 2 tbsp yellow (or white) miso
. 1 tbsp liquid honey
. 1/2 cup neutral oil (avocado oil or corn oil)
. 1/4 cup rice vinegar
. 1/4 tsp kosher salt
. 1/4 cup freshly ground black pepper

For the Salad:

. 2 small head of iceberg lettuce (or 2 hearts of romaine),

chopped
. 1 cup green cabbage, shredded
. 1 cup cherry (or grape) tomatoes, sliced in half
. 10 Gladiolus petals, chopped
. 3/4 cup carrots, grated
.3/4 cup cucumbers, sliced (or chopped)
. 3/4 cup sweet bell peppers, sliced (any colour)
. 3/4 cup sugar snap peas, sliced in half lengthwise

METHOD:

1. TO MAKE THE DRESSING – Add all the ingredients into a

blender in order as written and blend until it is smooth.
2. TO MAKE THE SALAD – Either add the ingredients to a
shallow serving platter or to individual bowls.
3. Dollop dressing on top of salad ingredients and serve
immediately.
4. LEFTOVER DRESSING – will last in the refrigerator for up
to one week.
 GLADIOLA PETALS RECIPE AND
SPICY VIOLET PEARLS

AUTHOR: Pascal Aussignac

TOTAL TIME: 5 minutes
MALES: 4 servings
YIELDS: 4 servings

INGREDIENTS:

For Gladiola Petals:

50 ml of violet syrup
1/2 lemon juice
2 g of garlic puree
1 pinch of cayenne pepper
30 Gladiolus petals
salt

METHOD:

. Combine the violet syrup, lemon juice, garlic puree, cayenne

pepper and a pinch of salt. Whisk and adjust the seasoning.
You can add cayenne pepper if a spicier sauce is required.

– 50 ml of violet syrup

– 1/2 lemon

– 2 g of garlic puree

– 1 pinch of cayenne pepper

– 30 Gladiolus petals

– salt
. To serve, arrange the petals on the platter and just before
serving flick the violet dressing on and around the petals.
. Enjoy.
 GLADIOLUS YOGURT AND
FRIOY SMOOTHIE

AUTHOR: George Felfoldi

ACTIVE TIME: 10 minutes
TOTAL TIME: 10 minutes
MAKES: 1 serving
YIELDS: 1 serving

INGREDIENTS:

. 3/4 cups nonfat Greek yogurt

. 1/2 cup 100% pure fruit juice
. 10 Gladiolus leaves
. 1 1/2 cup (6 1/2 ounces) frozen fruit, (such as Raspberries,
Blueberries, pineapples, peaches, bananas)
METHOD:

1. Puree yogurt, Gladiolous leaves, and fruit juice in a

blender until smooth. With motor running add the fruit
through the hole in the lid and continue to puree until
smooth.
2. Enjoy.

TIPS:

You can make this smoothie also with milk or with water
instead of yogurt. Although the consistency of the smoothie
will be slightly thinner. I use nonfat plain yogurt for my recipe,
but feel free to use milk or plant based milk, such as
unsweetened almond milk or soymilk.
 GLADIOLUS GREEN PINEAPPLE SMOOTHIE

AUTHOR: George Felfoldi

ACTIVE TIME: 5 minutes
TOTAL TIME: 5 minutes
MAKES: 1 serving
YIELDS: 1 serving

INGREDIENTS:

. 1/2 cup unsweetened almond milk, (or soymilk)

. 1/3 cup nonfat plain yogurt
. 1 cup baby spinach
. 10 Gladiolus leaves
. 1 cup frozen banana slices, (about 1 medium size banana)
. 1/2 cup frozen pineapple chunks
. 1 tbsp Chia seeds, (optional)
. 2 tsp maple syrup, (or liquid honey), (optional)

METHOD.

1. Add almond milk, Gladiolus leaves and yogurt to a

blender, then add bananas, spinach, pineapples, (chia
seeds and sweetener if using); blend until smooth.
2. Enjoy.
 SPANACH GLADIOLUS AVOCADO SMOOTHIE

AUTHOR: George Felfoldi

PREP. TIME: 5 minutes
TOTAL TIME: 5 minutes
MAKES: 1 serving
YIELDS: 1 serving

INGREDIENTS:

. 1 cup nonfat Greek yogurt

. 1 cup fresh spinach
. 10 Gladiolus leaves
. 1 frozen banana
. 1/2 avocado
. 3 tbsp water
. 1 tsp liquid honey, (or maple syrup)
METHOD:

1. Combine all your ingredients, spinach, gladiolus leaves,

bananas, avocado, water and maple syrup in a blander.
2. Puree until smooth.
3. Enjoy.
 GLADIOLUS GRAPE SALAD

AUTHOR: George Felfoldi

PREP. TIME: 20 minutes
TOTAL TIME: 20 minutes
MAKES:
YIELDS:

INGREDIENTS:

. 1 cup sour cream

. 1 package (8 ounce) cream cheese, softened
. 1/3 cup white sugar
. 2 tsp vanilla extract
. 10 Gladoilus leaves, chopped
. 2 pounds red seedless grapes
. 2 pounds green seedless grapes
. 3 tbsp brown sugar
. 3 tbsp pecans, chopped (or nuts of your choice, such as
almonds, or walnuts)

METHOD:

1. In a large bowl, beat the cream cheese, sour cream,

Gladiolus leaves, sugar and vanilla in a blender.
2. Add the grapes to coat and toss.
3. Transfer to a serving bowl.
4. Cover and refrigerate until serving.
5. Sprinkle with brown sugar and pecans just before
serving.
6. Enjoy.
 VEGETABLE, GLADIOLUS WHITE BEEN SALAD

AUTHOR: George Felfoldi

PREP. TIME: 10 minutes
TOTAL TIME: 10 minutes
MAKES: 1 serving
YIELDS: 1 serving

INGREDIENTS:

. 2 cups mixed salad greens

. 3/4 cup cucumbers and cherry tomatoes, chopped
. 15 Gladiola leaves, chopped
. 1/3 cup canned white beans, drained and rinsed
. 1/2 avocado, diced
. 1 tbsp red wine vinegar
. 2 tsp extra virgin olive oil
. 1/4 tsp kosher salt
. Freshly ground pepper, (or to taste)

METHOD:

1. Combine the greens, vegetables, Gladiolus leaves, beans

and avocado in a medium size bowl.
2. Drizzle with vinegar and olive oil and season with salt and
pepper.
3. Toss to combine and transfer to a large platter.
4. Enjoy.
 THIS
IS A FREE
e-BOOK

ENJOY!