Section 1, Module 2-Harder: Reading and

Writing

SAT Prep Test 1-Reading and Writing

Module 2-Harder
Turn to Section 1of your answer sheet to answer the
questions in this section.

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing
skills.
includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passageEachand
question
question
carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in the section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a single
best answer. Fill in the circle with the answer letter for the answer you think is best.

1Mark for Review 2 Mark for Review

After their first album was a hit, singer Ella Fitzgerald During her trip to Switzerland in 1868, established
and trumpeter Louis Armstrong collaborated to nurse Clara Barton met Dr. Louis Paul Amédée Appia,
perform in concert together at the Hollywood Bowl a Swiss surgeon who introduced her to the Red Cross.
in 1956. Attendees regarded the performance as Appia assisted Barton in finding fiscal for the
even though the venue saw a record-breaking American branch of the Red Cross. With his help and
20,000 audience members, many reported feeling a their funding, Barton founded the American Red Cross
personal connection and a sense of closeness with the in May of 1881.
sensational artists on the stage.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
and precise word or phrase?
subsidiaries
A) intimate
) opponents
(B) obscure

C) companions
insignificant
D benefactors
O unintelligible

CONTINUE
 Section 1, Module 2--Harder: Reading and
Writing
3 Mark for
The writing of IragiReview 5Mark for Review
been largely American poet Dunya Mikhail has
home country:inspired
in
by her feelings about her Text 1
deep love for her many of herbutpieces, she expresses a
birthplace Traditional theories about
and war that
eventually led her laments the violence the origin of human
to flee. cooperation focused on the role of natural selection
in the development of cooperative behaviors in all
Which choice completes the text social animals, including humans. Overa period of
and precise word or with the most logical
phrase? many thousands of years, cooperation emerged as
an adaptation in many animals because cooperation
A) logical helped animals ssurvive by allowing them to share
resources and protect themselves from predators.
6) ambivalent Text 2
In a recent book, anthropologist Richard Wrangham
argues that humans, unlike other animals, evolved
celebratory to be cooperative by purposefully restricting the
breeding opportunities of the most aggressive males to
create a species that was more docile and less violent.
(D) monotonous Wrangham cites physical changes in the human body,
such as a decrease in size, a decrease in canine tooth
size, and an increase in brain size, as evidence of a self
domestication process that helped humans to thrive.

Based on the texts, how would Wrangham (Text 2) most

4 Mark for Review likely respond to the traditional theories" presented in
In the early-to-mid-1900s, negative pressure ventilators, Text 1?

or iron lungs, were widely used by doctors. However,

with the invention of the modern ventilator, most A) By contesting the idea that the evolution of
medical professionals began to the usefulness cooperation shares striking commonalities among
of the iron lung. A major drawback of the machine was all cooperative species
that the patient was not able to be easily transported
when attached to it.
By admitting the significance of natural selection
Which choice completes the text with the most logical but emphasizing the greater importance of
and precise word or phrase? physical changes in humans

A) demonstrate ) By questioning the assumption that cooperation is

an adaptation that promotes survival in animal
species
applaud
D) By agreeing that natural selection played a similar
() scrutinize role in the evolution of cooperation in both
humans and other animals

D) imitate

CONTINUE

1. Practice Test 1 5
 Section 1, Module 2-Harder: Reading and
Writing
Mark for Review
The following text was adapted from 7Mark for Review
Holding's 1921 novel Rosaleen Among Elizabeth Sanxay Among all species of
the Artists.
Miss Julie dressed the little girl while she humans and relativeshominins-a
of
group that includes

like a doll. A beautiful child, too thin and stood there

and Homo floresiensis have humans-Australopithecus
both about one-third the the smallest known brains,
too small for her years, but very altogether volume of modern human
charmingly
gracefully built: the girl had deep-set clear greyand brains, a size always thought to imply a less
complex
brain structure. In a 2013 finding that
eyes and a wistful small face, broad at the brow and our conception of hominins, a team led byrevolutionized
tapering to a pointed chin, like a kitten's. And the girl
had about her something that enslaved Miss paleoanthropologist Lee Berger
of Homo naledi, a species with a discovered
the remains
some mystic and adorable quality that Miss JulieJulie, brain comparable in
could size to that of Homo floresiensis but with a
not name, and that no one else
saw. structure similar to that of
complex
modern humans.
According to the text, what is true about Miss Julie?
According to the text, why was Berger and his team's
A) She prefers kittens over other small animals.
identification of Homo naledi significant?
A) The discovery allows scientists to determine a
B) She would like to spend more time standing still. precise chronology of brain size evolution among
hominins.

She likes nothing more than dressing little girls. 8) The discovery establishes the first evidence that
hominin brain size may not be directly correlated
D) She cannot describe why she finds a little girl with brain complexity.
enchanting.
(C) The discovery represents the first indication of a
species with a brain shape similar to that of
modern humans.

O The discovery provides evidence that the brains of

hominin species can vary in size more tharn
previously imagined.

CONTINUE
 Section 1, Module 2-Harder: Reading and
Writing
8Mark for Review 9 Mark for Review
Physicist Albert Einstein first proposed the
gravitational waves, existence of Electric vehicles are less harmful to the
violent events such asripples
in space-time environment
two black holes produced by than their gas-powered counterparts because
However. gravitational waves merging. in 1911. release significantly fewer pollutants into the they
2016, when Caltech and MIT remained unproven until
air. These
pollutants are harmful to both the environment and
scientists reported that
they had directly measured these individuals. For example, one such pollutant, nitrogen
using the Laser Interferometer long-theorized waves dioxide (NO,), is highly correlated with asthma. It was
Gravitational-Wave
Observatory. a set of two identical detectors. When
theorized that electric vehicles might be correlated
with better health outcomes.
gravitational waves passed by. the detectors' arms were Researchers looked at
stretched and squeezed, slightly altering their lengths. California, a state with a relatively high adoption rate of
This caused a tiny change in the laser electric vehicles, and compared the number of electric
light interference
pattern that these detectors monitor-the vehicles to the number of asthma-related hospital visits
first direct over time. They found that as the adoption of electric
observation of gravitational waves. vehicles increased, the hospital visits decreased. The
Which choice best states the main idea of the researchers concluded that electric vehicles have a
text? positive effect on the health of individuals.
A) Scientists have invented a new way of measuring Which finding, if true, would most directly support the
tiny changes in laser light interference patterns. researchers' conclusion?

In industrialized nations, the rate of asthmna

B) The most critical factor in allowing the detection related hospital visits overall has declined over
of gravitational waves is having two identical the last decade.
detectors.

B) Cities that have constructed more bicycle lanes

Gravitational waves are challenging to measure over the past decade have experienced decreased
because of the violent nature of the events that emission levels as well as decreased asthma
create them. related hospital visits.

Scientists have now managed to produce clear C) Though asthma has been linked to NO,, several
and convincing evidence confirming that other pollutants created by gas-powered vehicles
gravitational waves exist. have also been shown to contribute to respiratory
problems.

D Communities that have not experienced

widespread adoption of electric vehicles display
static rates of asthma-related hospital visits.
 Section 1, Module 2--Harder: Reading and Writing

10Markfor Review 11 Mark for Review

"The Necklace" is an 1884 short story by Guy de
Maupassant. In the story. Madame Mathilde Loisel Percentage of Materials that Compose
Tires of Passenger Cars and Trucks
comes from humble beginnings, yet she yearns to
be a part of the upper class. In describing Loisel, the Material
narrator contrasts her background with her ambition, Passenger car Truck
as when de Maupassant writes, Natural rubber 21.2 37.1

Which quotation from "The Necklace" most effectively Synthetic rubber 24.5 10.0
illustrates the claim? Process oil 4.4 0.8

Steel Wire 10.8 21.1

She was one of those pretty and charming girls
who are sometimes, as if by a mistake of destiny, Tires are some of the most vital safety features of a
born in a family of clerks." passenger car or truck. Not only is a tire composed
of various other materials besides rubber, but a tire
(B) "She came to know what heavy housework meant
also contains both natural and synthetic rubber.
One of the functions of natural rubber is to increase
and the odious cares of the kitchen. She washed
tear resistance, and one of the purposes of synthetic
the dishes, using her rosy nails on the greasy pots rubber is to improve traction. Since trucks carry
and pans." significantly heavier loads and drive longer distances
than do passenger cars, their tires require higher tear
resistance compared with those of passenger cars.
"She had no dresses, no jewels, nothing. And she
loved nothing but that; she felt made for that. She Which choice best describes data from the table that
would so have liked to please, to be envied, to be support the idea that truck tires require higher tear
charming, to be sought after."
resistance than do those of passenger cars?

D) "She saw first of all some bracelets, then a pearl (A) The tires of a truck contain a lower percentage of
necklace, then a Venetian cross, gold and precious synthetic rubber than do those of passenger cars.
stones of admirable workmanship."
6) Though the tires of passenger cars and trucks,
respectively, contain different percentages of
process oil, they contain equivalent amounts of
steel wire.

(C) The tires ofa passenger car contain a lower

percentage of steel wire compared with those of
trucks.

(D) The tires of a truck contain a greater percentage

of natural rubber compared with those of a
passenger car.

CONTINUE
 Section 1, Module 2-Harder: Reading and Writing

12Mark for Review 13Mark for Review

Miyake events are spikes in
Occurred on Earth six times radiation that have
over the last 10,000
The Coinage Act of 1873 revised several policies relating
the most recent of which was in the first years, to currency in the United States. Among the
century CE. the act made were the omission of the
changes
The dominant explanation for these coinage charge
has been solar flares. However, recentradiation events and the relocation of the Bureau of the Mint from
analysis of the
rings inside trees has led to other ideas. The trees' rings Philadelphia to Washington, D.C. However, a provision
of the bill that at the time was not as heavily discussed
can not only reveal how old a tree is, but also
whether was the abolition of bimetallism, whereby the nation's
and when the tree was impacted by certain radioactive
substances, so more can be learned about when Miyake currency had been based on both gold and silver. The
government established a gold standard and so going
spikes occurred and for how long. Some of the spikes
in radiation seem to have lasted over a year, far longer forward would exchange only gold, and not silver, for
currency, thus
than solar flares, which take place more on the order of
hours. Scientists theorize that a series of many repeated Which choice most logically completes the text?
solar flares is the cause of this anomaly.
Which finding, if true, would most directly undermine (A) ending all trade with nations that still used a
silver standard.
the scientists' theory?

References to intense sky events that coincide B diminishing the value of gold in the eyes of both
with the timing of these radiation events are investors and citizens.
found in ancient writings.
(C) encouraging citizens to spend their silver rather
than hoard it.
B Carbon dating performed on the trees reveals
them to be over 2,000 years old.
D limiting the ability to repay debts for those who
Evidence is found showing that chlorine isotopes, primarily had access to silver rather than gold.
which are produced in higher quantities during
solar events, were present at the same time as
these hypothesized radiation events.

(D) The rings of trees less than a thousand years old

marks
are analyzed and observed to have similar
to those in the study.

CONTINUE

p Test
Section 1, Module 2--Harder: Reading and Writing

14Mark for Review 15Mark for Review

The evolutionary origin of the house cat has The Devonian period, about 400 million years ago, was
been puzzled over by palaeogeneticists and a time of many mass extinctions that eliminated an
zooarchaeologists for many years. Traditionally, it estimated 70% of the Earth's life forms, all of which
lived in the ocean. Recently, geologists analyzed ancient
was believed that cats were first domesticated in
Ancient Egypt around 3,500 years ago. However, a lake deposits and observed that there were heightened
recent analysis of the DNA of 979 individual cats (both nutrient levels at the same time that plant life was
wild and domestic) revealed five distinct lineages, developing on land. As large-scale nutrient influxes
yielded by plant roots have been observed in the
four of which aligned perfectly with four subspecies modern world to result in algal blooms, which
deplete
of wildcats: Felis silvestris silvestris from Europe, F. s. the life forms
bieti from China, F. s. ornata from Central Asia, and F. s. an ocean's oxygen and prove harmful to
cafra from southern Africa. The fifth lineage contained living there, the researchers concluded that
F.s. lybica, a subspecies of wildcat from the Middle East,
but it also included all of the individual domestic cats Which choice most logically completes the text?
that were part of the sample studied, leading the team descend
to conclude that A) all modern species of life in the oceanthe Devonian
from the species that existed during
Which choice most logically completes the text? period.

A) it is impossible to tell precisely where the modern B) if the Devonian mass extinctions had
never
domestic cat originates. occurred, there would be significantly more
species of plants on Earth today.
regions which
B) there are five different geographic
are the birthplaces of five different species
of Earth was a direct
the expansion of plant life onextinctions.
)
domestic cat. cause of the Devonian mass

in the Middle East never would have

C) cats were first domesticated D) the Devonian mass extinctions that
and then later brOught to Egypt. happened had trees not evolved in the way
they did.
likely be traced back to
modern domestic cats can
the Middle East.

CONTINUE
 Section 1, Module 2-Harder: Reading and Writing

16Mark for Review 18

Oscar Abreu's paintings feature an
Mark for Review
abundance of
colors, scratches, and shapes appearing In the poem Ifin America, Asian American author
in nature. When considered as a whole, almost random
Ed Bok Lee writes in the second person point of view
though, the the perspective of a Hmong hunter accused of
paintings have a consistent central figure made murder.
of layers of paint and scratches.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English? the conventions of Standard English?

A) feature; a A) described

O) describes
B) feature, and a

) to describe
) feature. A
0 is describing
feature, a

19Mark for Review

17 Mark for Review German visual artist Hans-Peter Feldmann's notable
During flash floods, fire ants can form rafts, packing artistic works include All the Clothes of aWoman, a
closely together to form a waterproof raft composed series of snapshots depicting women's a book
of their hydrophobic bodies. The eggs from presenting images of 11 shoes borrowed from art
dangerous floods. gallery employees; and 100 Years, an exhibition of 101
photos of individuals from 8 months to 100 years of age.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?
A) ants' raft protects the group's
A) apparel; 11 Left Shoes,

(B) ants raft protects the group's

6 apparel, 11 Left Shoes,

ant's raft protects the group's ) apparel; 11 Left Shoes

(D) ants' raft protects the groups

D) apparel, 11 Left Shoes:

cONTINUE
 Section 1, Module 2-Harder: Reading and Writing

20 Mark for Review

In 2010, scientist Abdool Karim led the clinical
22Mark for Reviewsa
trial CAPRISA 004, a study investigating the effects Compared to that of gray wolves,. the gene
of Tenefovir gel on the risk of contracting HIV. By
coding for black fur in these wolves is thought to be
protective against the disease.
interfering with the replication of HIV,
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
the conventions of Standard English?
A) black wolves have a fur color that is associated
the spread of both HIV and other pathogens has with a greater amount of canine distemper virus
been limited by Tenofovir. (CDV) antibodies:

limiting the spread of HIV and other pathogens B) black wolves have a greater amount of canine
has been achieved by Tenefovir. distemper virus (CDV) antibodies, which is
associated with the color of their fur:
Tenefovir's ability to limit the spread of HIV and
other pathogens is impressive. black wolves' fur color is associated with a greater
amount of canine distemper virus (CDV)
antibodies:
O Tenefovir limits the spread of HIV and other
pathogens.
D a greater amount of canine distemper virus (CDV)
antibodies is associated with the fur color of black
wolves:
21 Mark for Review
Santiago Ramón y Cajal is a Spanish neuroscientist
who is most known for proposing the neuron theory,"
which states that the brain consists of individual nerve
cells which are separate and distinct. Cajal did not
make this discovery he worked closely with
his student Rafael Lorente de Nó to perform crucial
investigations on the nervous system.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?

alone; however,

(B) alone, however;

C) alone however

D) alone, however,

CONTINUE
 Section 1, Module 2-Harder: Reading and Writing

23Mark for Review 24Mark for Review

Some linguists believe that people's spoken
can language
influence their perceptions of abstract concepts.
Researchers at Curtin University found links between
the creation of Earth's continents and when Earth moved
if a language does not have a word for an througha debris-filled spiral arm of the galaxy. First,
abstract concept, the people who exclusively speak the they discovered that the Earth's crust production spikes
language may struggle to comprehend the abstract consistently apprOximately every 200 million years,
concept at all. For example, the Hopi language does which is consistent with the cycle of the Earth's motion
not have a word that actually means "time"; therefore, through the galaxy. they found that known
some linguists once posited that people who speak asteroid impacts on Earth coincide with times when the
this language may not understand the concept of time planet would have been located in one of the arms.
itself. However, this view of the Hopi language has been
discredited. Which choice completes the text with the most logical
transition?
Which choice completes the text with the most logical
transition?
Second,

Specifically,
B Nevertheless,
(B) Thus,
© Therefore,
© Likewise,
Similarly,

D Furthermore,
25Mark for Review
Biosphere reserves are protected areas that are
designated to provide opportunities to utilize or study
certain species of animals and plants. these areas
typically contain a species with a unique characteristic
or benefit to society. For example, the argan tree is
protected in nature reserves in Morocco due to its
significant role in the area as a fuel and food source.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical

transition?

A) Thus,

B) Likewise,

© Regardless,

(D) Next,

CONTINUE
 Section 1, Module 2-Harder: Reading and Writing

26Mark for Review 27Mark for Review

While researching a topic, a student has
taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
Galicia is a region of Spain with a distinct culture.
In the mid-19th century, gold and silver
The region is autonomous and has its prospectors brought burros to the deserts of the US
own
government. Southwest.
" In the 1920s, photographer Ruth Matilda Burros are donkeys that were originally brought
Anderson
visited Galicia several times and took black-and to North America from Europe in the late 15th
white photographs. century.
" The photos highlight everyday life Packs of burros were once used in mining, but
among rural
residents of Galicia, prior to industrialization and many of them were left behind when prospectors
urbanization. abandoned the mines.
" Anderson focused on documenting the cycle of life. Today, the burros' population has multiplied and
grows by 20% each year.
The student wants to introduce Anderson's
photographs
to an audience already familiar with Galicia.
The burros are considered invasive because they
Which consumne large amounts of plants and water that
choice most effectively uses relevant information from are needed by native wildlife, and they have no
the notes to accomplish this goal? natural predators.
A) A region known as Galicia, which was The student wants to emphasize the increase in the
photographed by Ruth Matilda Anderson, is burro population and specify why this increase
autonomous with its own government. occurred. Which choice most effectively uses relevant
information from the notes to accomplish these goals?
6) Ruth Matilda Anderson's photographs
Burros consume large amounts of plants and
demonstrate everyday life amnong rural residents water that are needed by native wildlife, now that
of Galicia, prior to industrialization and they have been left behind by gold and silver
urbanization. prospectors.

An interest of Ruth Matilda Anderson's was the © The population of burros in the US Southwest has
cycle of life, which she observed on her visits to multiplied ánd grows by 20% each year, and the
Galicia in the 1920s. burros are now considered invasive.

D) Ruth Matilda Anderson's photographs highlight © BurrOs, donkeys brought to North America from
everyday life in Galicia, an autonomous region of Europe, were once used in mining.
Spain with a distinct culture.

Since prospectors abandoned mines in the US

Southwest, the population of burros has
multiplied, as the burros have no natural
predators.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.