Duhok Polytechnic University
Shekkan Technical Institute
Information Technology Department
Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
Lecture 6
Introduction to OOP
Assistant Lecturer: Dathar A. Hasan
[email protected] زانکۆیا پولیتەکنیکی یا دهۆک 27 - Oct - 2024
جامعـة دهــوك التقــنية
Duhok Polytechnic University Prepared By: Dathar A. Hasan
Outlines
• Introduction to OOP in C#.
• Classes and Objects in OOP.
• Class Declaration in C#.
• Access Modifiers.
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Duhok Polytechnic University Prepared By: Dathar A. Hasan
Object Oriented Programming (OOP) in C#
• OOP is a programming model where programs are organized around
objects and data rather than action and logic.
• OOP decomposes a problem into many entities called objects and then
builds data and functions around these objects.
• OOP is faster and easier to execute.
• OOP provides a clear structure for the programs.
• OOP makes it possible to create reusable applications with less code and
shorter development time.
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Classes in OOP
• Class is a blueprint that contains a list of variables and functions.
➢ Variables in a class are called (Data Members)
➢ Functions are called (Member Functions).
• A class will not occupy any memory space; it is a logical representation
of data.
• Class is a user-defined data type.
• Each Program may contain one or many classes.
• To use classes in OOP, we need to define objects.
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Classes in OOP
• To create a class, write the keyword "class" followed by the class name.
class Class_Name
{
//field
Data types variable;
//method
}
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Declaring objects (Instance of class)
• The instance of the class is called Object.
• Creating an object will allocate memory and create an instance based on
the class definition.
• The syntax for creating an instance of a class is as follows:
• In this example, S1 is the object’s name, Student is the class from which
the instance is created, and new Student( ) initializes the instance.
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Duhok Polytechnic University Prepared By: Dathar A. Hasan
Declaring objects (Instance of class)
• Once a class instance is declared, its fields (data members) can be
accessed and modified, and its methods can be invoked as shown:
Invoking the method
Accessing Data Members Print()
(Name and Age)
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Example 1: Write a C# program that includes a class named (Car), the class has three
data members (NO, Model, and Year). Define a function (set_values) within the class
to set the values for the data numbers. The other function (Print_values) displays the
data members’ values. Declare two objects for the Car class (Toyota and Kia) and
initialize random values for their data members. Then print the objects’ values
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جامعـة دهــوك التقــنية
Duhok Polytechnic University Prepared By: Dathar A. Hasan
Access Modifiers
• Access modifiers define the accessibility of class data members and methods.
• They determine where the members can be accessed from.
• Here are the primary access modifiers:
• Public: The member is accessible from any other code in the same or another
assembly that references it.
• Private: The member is accessible only within the containing class or struct. It is not
accessible from outside the class.
• Protected: The member is accessible within its class and by derived class instances. It
cannot be accessed from other classes that do not inherit from it.
Note: If we do not assign an access modifier for data members, the default is private.
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Example 2: Design a class (Customer) that has fields (Name, Address, and Balance).
The name’s value is assigned from outside the class. While the values of Address and
Balance are initialized using the set_value method. Declare three objects then print
their data using print_data method.
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1
Thank you
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