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ELECTRIC-FIELD (1)

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38 views32 pages

ELECTRIC-FIELD (1)

Uploaded by

kbzabate00220
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ELECTRIC FIELD: GAUSS LAW

AND ELECTRIC FLUX


ELECTRIC FIELD

• Electric force is a noncontact force.


• An electric charge q can exert force on
the other charged objects even though
they are at some distance away.
• The space surrounding a charged body is
called an electric field.
ELECTRIC LINES OF FORCE

• Michael Faraday, an
English scientist who
made important
discoveries in electricity
and magnetism,
introduced the use of
electric lines of force to
map out the electric field.
Lines of force have the
following properties:

1. Lines of force start from


positively charged
particles and end on
negatively charged
particles toward infinity.
2. Lines of force neither
intersect nor break as
they pass from one
charge to another.
3. The greater the number
lines of force, the
stronger the electric field.
4. The neutral point is the
point where no lines of
force pass. The electric
field is zero.
Electric Field Due to a Point Charge

• An electric field exists in the region of space


around a charged object or a source charge.
• When another object enters this electric field, it
will experience an electric force.
• The strength of the electric field at a point
charge is called the electric field intensity.
• Electric field is defined as the force that a test
charge will experience when placed at that
point.
• Physicists use a unit positive
charge as the test charge in
defining an electric field.
• This test charge and the electric
field are usually represented by
𝒒𝟎 and E, respectively.
• The electric field produced by
a point charge q can be
obtained using Coulomb’s law.

𝑭
𝑬=
𝒒𝟎
𝑭
𝑬=
𝒒𝟎

• E is the electric field


• F is the electric force
• 𝒒𝟎 is the test charge
• To calculate the electric field at any point
at distance r in space from a point charge
q, imagine a test charge 𝒒𝟎 placed at that
point. The magnitude of the electric force
on 𝒒𝟎 is

|𝒒𝒒𝟎 |
𝑭=𝒌 𝟐
𝒓
• Thus,the magnitude of the electric field
due to a point charge is

|𝒒|
𝑬=𝒌 𝟐
𝒓

• E has the unit of newton/coulomb (N/C).


• The electric field also follows the
superposition principle.
Sample 1

Calculate the magnitude and direction of


the electric field 0.45 m from a
𝟕𝟑. 𝟖𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 C point charge.
−𝟗
Sample 2

An electric dipole consists of two equal but


unlike charges separated by a distance.
Two point charge, 𝒒𝟏 = 4.5 x 𝟏𝟎 C and
−𝟔

𝒒𝟐 = -4.5 x 𝟏𝟎 C, are separated by


−𝟔

6.4x𝟏𝟎−𝟐 m, forming an electric dipole. Find


the electric field halfway between the
dipole.
Sample 3
Two point charges with q1 = 4.0µC and q2 =
-2.0µC are arranged as shown below with a
distance of 3cm each from the origin, what
is the electric field at the origin?
To get the magnitude and direction
of the electric field, we will use the
PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM and
TRIGONOMETRY
On the example given, other than the two
charges,there are other factors that needs
to be considered such as another charge to
appear between two charges. To address
that scenario. We are going to
apply the principle of superposition
According to the principle of superposition when
a number of charges are interacting, the total
force on a given charge is the vector sum of
forces exerted on it by all other charges. This
principle makes use of the fact that the forces
with which two charges attract or repel one
another are not affected by the presence of other
charges. It gives a method to find a force on a
charge when a system consists of a large number
of charges.
Example 4

Two point charges are arranged on the x-y


coordinate system as follows: 𝒒𝟏 = 3.0 x 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 C at
(0,3) and 𝒒𝟐 = -9.0 x 𝟏𝟎 C at (4.5 m, 0). Find the
−𝟗

electric field at origin (0,0).


Example 5

Four point charges are equally separated by 1 m


in air. if q1=3.0 nC, q2=-4.0 C, q3= 2.0 nC and q4=
-5.0 nC, what is the electric field at a point
halfway between q2 and q3?
Example 6

What is the electric field 15m


away from a particle with a
charge of 15mC?
Example 7

A small charge (q = 6.0 mC) is


found in a uniform E-field (E = 2.9
N/C). Determine the force on the
charge.
Electric Flux
and Gauss Law
Sample 8.

An electric field of 500 N/C makes an


angle of 30° with the surface vector,
which has a magnitude of 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎 . Find
𝟐

the electric flux that passes through the


surface.
GAUSS LAW
There are three charges q1, q2, and
q3 having charges 6 pC, 5 pC and 3
pC respectively and are enclosed in
a surface. Find the total flux enclosed
by the
surface.

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