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LOGIC LESSON ONE

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12 views

LOGIC LESSON ONE

Notes

Uploaded by

CABALLERO, ALTHEA D.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LOGIC

The Study of Logic


LESSON I

Logic comes from the Greek word logike, meaning thought.


Aristotle is the father of logic.
He believes that logic is the instrument for discovering and presenting truth.

LOGIC- is defined as the science and art correct thinking.

Q. Do you consider logic as science?


A. Yes, because it is a body of knowledge systematically arranged and demonstrated to be true.
Q. Do you consider logic as an art?
A. Yes, it is a habit of doing something with a certain degree of order and harmony. In this
sense, logic is an art. It is practical science which leads to the formation of the habit of thinking
easily, orderly and correctly.

THINKING- refers to any or to all the movements of the mind, sucg as imagining, recalling,
memorizing, comprehending, analyzing, or, even day dreaming.
In logic, thinking means inference.

INFERENCE- means to draw out or to get truth or conclusion from something previously known
to the thinker.

Logic is the instrument of all scientific investigation. It is through logical methods that the
sciences discovers the truth
peculiar to their subject matter. It is through logical demonstration or argument that they their
findings to be true and, therefore, acceptable. Logic thden is a prerequisites of all the sciences.

TWO DIVISION OF LOGIC


1.MATERIAL LOGIC- it teaches us how truths are arrived with certainty. It refers to the thought-
content of the proposition.
2.FORMAL LOGIC- it teaches us how we may be correct in the presentation of an argument. It
refers to the structure of an argument. It determines when the pattern or structure is correct.
THREE MENTAL OPERATIONS INVOLVED IN THE STUDY OF LOGIC
1.Simple apprehension- is the act of the mind by which we grasp the essence of a thing. It
produces the concept or idea.
Concept- the meaning of a thing mentally evolved and expressed.

2.Judgment- is the act of mind by which we compare two concepts and declare them to be
either in agreement or disagreement with each other. It produces proposition.
Proposition- is a statement/sentence which may true or false.

3.Reasoning- the act of mind by which we derive new truths from whay is previously assumed
to be true. It produces inference.
Inference- drawing a conclusion from something previously known to the thinker.

DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT- an argument in which the truth of the premises absolutely guarantees
the truth of the conclusion.
Ex. All mem are mortal- 1st premise
But Pedro is a man- 2nd premise
Therefore, Pedro is mortal- conclusion

If A is B A here is men
C is A B here is mortal
C is B C here is Pedro

INDUCTUVE ARGUMENT- an argument where the truth of the premises gives good reason to
believe the conclusion, but does not absolutely guarantee the truth of the conclusion.
Ex. I don’t know what my mother is doing right now.
Here, you can make a conclusion however it does guarantee that your conclusion is true. Your
mother here maybe eating, sleeping, cooking etc…

IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING LOGIC


1.It builds self-confidence
2.It provides a feeling of direction
3.It gives the assurance of being in control of one’s situation
4.It guides men in his search for truth
5.It assures better relationship among men
6.It develops our reasoning ability
7.It is also important in the study of other philosophy subjects

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