Right Form of Verbs-এর নিয়ম

ইংররজি ভাষায় একটি Sentence এ ব্যব্হূত প্রনতটি word-ই ককারিা িা ককারিা কাি করর থারক। প্রনতটি word-এর মরযয
Verb সব্রেরয় গুরুত্বপূর্।ণ সাযারর্ত কে word দ্বারা ককারিা নকছু করা, হওয়া, থাকা, কব্াঝায় তারক verb ব্রে। Verb is the
heart of Sentence. তাই Verb কক ব্ারকযর প্রার্ ব্ো হরয় থারক। Latin শব্দ verbal কথরক এই শব্দটির উৎপনি। ব্াকয
গঠিশশেীরত Noun-এর পরই Verb এর স্থাি। এই Verb, Noun, Pronoun এব্ং Object কক নব্রশষভারব্ গনতশীে করর
রারে। Verb ছাড়া ককারিা Sentence ততনর করা োয় িা। Verbগুরো সাযারর্ত Voice, Tense, Mood, Narrarion and
Sentence পনরব্তণরি সহায়তা করর থারক। একটি Sentence এ দুই যররির Verb ব্যব্হূত হরত পারর। কেমি, Principal verb
and Auxiliary verb.
Principal Verb: কে Verb-এর নিিস্ব অথ থারক ণ িা, নব্নভন্ন প্রকারশর িিয অরিযর ওপর নিভণর কররত হয় িা, তারক
Principal Verb ব্রে।
Example : Rana writes an application.
Auxiliary Verb : কে verb-এর নিিস্ব অথ থারক ণ িা, নব্নভন্ন প্রকার Sentence অথব্া Tense, Voice ব্া Mood-এর রূপ
গঠরির িিয অিয verb কক সাহােয করর থারক তারক Auxiliary Verb ব্রে।
Example : Rana is writing an application.
মরি রােরত হরব্ কে ককারিা ককারিা সময় একই verb, principle and Auxiliary দুভারব্ই ব্যব্হূত হরত পারর। কেমি, I am
a student. এোরি ‘am’ Principle verb.
আব্ার, I am writing a letter. এোরি ‘am’ Auxiliary verb.
Principle Verb and Auxiliary Verb ছাড়াও Finite Verb, Non-Finite Verb, Transitive Verb and Intransitive Verb ররয়রছ,
এগুরো গঠরির কেরে অগ্রর্ী ভূ নমকা পােি করর থারক।
Rule-1: Sentence েনদ Present Indefinite tense হয় এব্ং Subject Third Person singular number হয়, তরব্ verb-এর সরে
s/es েুক্ত হরব্।
She (write) a letter. Ans : She writes a letter.
The baby (cry). Ans : The baby cries.
The boy (go) — to school regularly. Ans: The boy goes to school regularly.
The boy does not (go) — to school daily. Ans: The boy does not go to school daily.
The boy generally (go) — to college at 8 a.m. Ans: The boy generally goes to college at 8 a.m.
Try yourself : Mr. Smith (go) — abroad every month. His father (come) — home every week.
Rule-2: Present indefinite tense-এ Subject third person singular number হওয়া সরেও can, could, may, might, shall,
should, will, would, must, need, dare, used to, ought to -এর পরর verb-এর সরে s/es কোগ হরব্ িা।
The man can (do) — the work. Ans: The man can do the work.
She must (come) — to her office in time. Ans: She must come to her office in time.
The student should (learn) — his lessons regularly. Ans: The student should learn his lessons regularly.
Try yourself : He can (walk) — five miles at a time. The girl must not (go) — to college on foot.
Rule-3: Sentence েনদ universal truth (নেরন্তি সতয), Habitual fact (অভযাসগত কম)ণ ইতযানদ কব্াঝায় তাহরে sentenceটি
Present Indefinite Tense হয়। এব্ং Subject েনদ Third Person singular number হয়, তরব্ verb-এর সরে s/es েুক্ত হরব্।
কেমি,
The earth (move) — round the sun. Ans: The earth moves round the sun.
The sun (rise) — the east. Ans: The sun rises in the east.
The sun (set) — the west. Ans: The sun sets in the west.
Try yourself : We know that ice (float) — water. The teacher said that the earth (be) — round.
Rule-4: ককারিা Sentence-এ েনদ sometimes, often, always, regularly, daily, everyday, usually, generally, normally,
ordinarily, occasionally ইতযানদ থারক এব্ং নিনদষ্ট ককারিা সমরয়র উরেে িা োরক, তরব্ Sentenceটি Present Indefinite
হরব্। এব্ং Subject েনদ Third Person singular number হয়, তরব্ verb-এর সরে s/es েুক্ত হরব্।
Usually father (walk) in the morning. Ans : Usually father walks in the morning.
He (get) up early in the morning everyday. Ans : He gets up early in the morning everyday.
Anwar sometimes (work) in his flower garden. Ans : Anwar sometimes works in his flower garden.
Sabiha (learn) — her lessons regularly. Ans: Sabiha learns her lessons regularly.
He always (disturb) — the students. Ans: He always disturbs the students.
A good student (learn) — his lessons regularly. Ans: A good student learns his lessons regularly.
Try yourself : Rahman very often (come) — me. Does he (read) — the newspaper daily?
Rule-5: ব্তণমারি েেরছ এমি ককারিা কাি কব্াঝারে present Continuous Tense হয়। (এসব্ কেরে সাযারর্ত Now, at
present, at this moment ইতযানদ ব্যব্হার করা হয়)।
Now the students (sing) — the national anthem. Ans: Now the students are singing the national anthem.
The boys (watch) — the television now. Ans: The boys are watching the television now.
They (enjoy) — a song now. Ans: They are enjoying a song now.
Try yourself : They (watch) — TV at this moment. The farmer (cultivate) — his land now.
Rule-6: ককারিা Sentence-এ েনদ already, yet, ever, just, just now, recently, lately, recently, today, this week/year, in the
mean time, never, ever ইতযানদ েুক্ত থারক, তাহরে Sentenceটি Present perfect tense হরব্।
Have you ever (be) to Cox-Bazar? Ans : Have you ever been to Cox-Bazar?
I (receive) the letter just now. Ans : I have received the letter just now.
He (join) there recently. Ans : He has joined there recently.
I (not see) you this week. Ans : I have not seen you this week.
Rabeya (take) — her dinner just now. Ans: Rabeya has taken her dinner just now.
I (see) — him recently. Ans: I have seen him recently.
He already (reach) — home. Ans: He has already reached home.
Try yourself : Have you ever (be) — to the zoo? Have you not (receive) — my letter yet?
Rule-7: ‘Since’ ব্া ‘for’-এর পরর সময় উরেে থাকরে sentenceটি present perfect Continuous Tense হরব্। কেমি,
It (rain) — for two hours. Ans: It has been raining for two hours.
It (rain) — since the morning. Ans: It has been raining since the morning.
We (live) — in Dhaka since 1986. Ans: We have been living in Dhaka since 1986.
Try yourself : They (live) — Dhaka for 20 years. She (wait) — you for two hours.
Rule- 8: Sentence-এ each, every, everyone, anyone, any, many a, everybody, every thing, anybody, nobody, no one,
nothing, anything, something, someone, one of, either, neither ইতানদ থাকরে verb-এর Singular Number হয়। কেমি,
Every mother (love)__ her child. Ans: Every mother loves her child.
One of the students (be)__ very brilliant. Ans: One of the students is/was very brilliant.
Each of the boys (be)__present yesterday. Ans: Each of the boys was present yesterday.
Try yourself : Many a boy (ruin)__his career through laziness. Neither of the two boys (be) ….. present today.
Rule- 9: একই তদর্ঘযণ পনরমার্ ব্া স্থাি কব্াঝারে Subject কদেরত Plural হরেও verb-এর Singular Number হয়।
Previously fifty miles (be) — a long way. Ans: Previously fifty miles was a long way.
Twenty miles (be) — not a great distance now a days. Ans: Twenty miles is not a great distance now a days.
Sixty cents (be) — was enough for him. Ans: Sixty cents is/was was enough for him.
Try yourself: Twenty dollars (be) — not sufficient in time. Fifty cents (be) — enough at that time.
Rule-10: Yesterday, ago, long since, long before, last night, last weak, last month, day before yesterday ইতযানদ অতীত
সূেক শব্দ ব্া Phrase sentence-এ থাকরে Past Indefinite tense অথাৎ ণ Verb-এর Past form হয়।
I (draw) a picture yesterday. Ans : 1 drew a picture yesterday.
I (get) the parcel last month. Ans : I got the parcel last month.
You (visit) there long before. Ans : You visited there long before.
The boy (go) — home yesterday. Ans: The boy went home yesterday.
She did not (go) — to college yesterday. Ans: She did not go to college yesterday.
Did he (come) — home yesterday? Ans: Did he come home yesterday?
Try yourself : The man (go) — London last week. He (leave) — home last night.
Rule-11: সাযারর্ত tomorrow, the after tomorrow, next, in future, in the time to come ইতযানদ ভনব্ষযৎ নিরদণশক ব্াকয
word/phrase থাকরে verb-এর future indefinite tense হয়। কেমি:
We (not go) there in future. Ans : We shall not go there in future.
Neela (come) from Dhaka the day after tomorrow. Ans : Neela will come from Dhaka the day after tomorrow.
Try yourself: she (go) to London next year. She (get) married next month.
Rule-12: Before দ্বারা দুটি Past tense েুক্ত থাকরে before-এর আরগর অংরশ Past perfect tense-এর পররর অংশ Past
Indefinite tense হয়।
We (reach) our school before the bell rang. Ans : We had reached our school before the bell rang.
The patient had died before the doctor (come). Ans : The patient had died before the doctor came.
The doctor (come) — before the patient came. Ans: The doctor had come before the patient came.
The patient had died — the doctor came. The train (start) — before they reached there.
Try yourself: before I called him, he (arrive). Before she (solve) the math, she had consulted a specialist
Rule-13: After দ্বারা দুটি Past tense েুক্ত থাকরে এর আরগর অংশ Past Indefinite tense এব্ং পররর অংশ Past perfect
tense হয়।
They arrived the station after the train (leave). Ans : They arrived the station after the train had left.
The patient (die) after the doctor had come. Ans : The patient died after the doctor had come.
The doctor came after the patient (die)__. Ans: The doctor came after the patient had died.
The train left — they had reached the station. Ans: The train left after they had reached the station.
Try yourself: after I (eat), I went to sleep. After she had given me money, she (go) away
Rule-14: No sooner had — than, Scarcely had — when, Hardly had — when: প্রথম অংশ Past perfect tense অিুোয়ী
হয় অথাৎ ণ Verb-এর Past participle form হরব্। নদ্বতীয় অংশ Past Indefinite tense অিুোয়ী হয় অথাৎ ণ Verb-এর Past form
হয়।
No sooner had the bell (ring) than the teacher (enter) the classroom. Ans : No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher
entered the classroom.
Scarcely had he (arrive) at the bus stand when the bus (leave). Ans : Scarcely had he arrived at the bus stand when the
bus left.
Hardly had the snatcher (take) the chain when he (run) away. Ans : Hardly had the snatcher taken the chain when he ran
away.
Try yourself: no sooner father (reach) home, baby cried. Hardly he speaks (…..), his wife hit him.
Rule-15: সাযারর্ত Since দ্বারা দুটি Clause েুক্ত থাকরে এব্ং Since-এর আরগর অংশ Present Indefinite/Present perfect
tense হরে পররর অংশ Past Indefinite tense হয়। কেমি:
It is many years since he (give) up smoking. Ans : It is many years since he gave up smoking.
Five years have passed since he (leave) the house. Ans : Five years have passed since he left the house.
Try yourself: three years have passed since he (go) to Dhaka. Ten years (pass) since he died
Rule-16: আব্ার Since দ্বারা Clause েুক্ত থাকরে এব্ং Since-এর আরগ Clause ব্া ব্ারকযর অংশ Past Indefinite tense হরে
পররর অংশ Verb-এর Past perfect tense হয়।
Many years passed since I (meet) him last. Ans : Many years passed since I had met him last.
It was many years since I (visit) there. Ans : It was many years since I had visited there.
Rule-17: Passive voice-এ সব্দা ণ Verb-এর Past participle form হয়। Sentenceটি Passive voice হরে Tense ও Person
অিুোয়ী Auxiliary Verb ও Verb-এর Past participle ব্সারত হরব্ এব্ং gap-এর পরর Subject থাকরে by ব্সারত হরব্।
This work (do) by him. Ans: the wrok was done by him
Rice (eat) by people of Bangladesh. Ans : Rice is eaten by people of Bangladesh
Rice (eat) by people of Bangladesh Ans : Rice is being eaten by people of Bangladesh
Rice (eat) by people of Bangladesh Ans : Rice has been eaten by people of Bangladesh
Rice (eat) by people of Bangladesh Ans : Rice was eaten by people of Bangladesh
Rice (eat) by people of Bangladesh Ans : Rice was being eaten by people of Bangladesh
Rice (eat) by people of Bangladesh Ans : Rice had been eaten by people of Bangladesh
Rice (eat) by people of Bangladesh Ans : Rice will be eaten by people of Bangladesh
Rice (eat) by people of Bangladesh Ans : Rice will be being eaten by people of Bangladesh
Rice (eat) by people of Bangladesh Ans : Rice will have been eaten by people of Bangladesh
Rice (eat) by people of Bangladesh Ans : Rice can be eaten by people of Bangladesh
English (speak) — all over the world. Ans: English is spoken all over the world.
English (speak) — the English. Ans: English is spoken by the English.
He has (expel) — from the examination hall. Ans: He has been expelled from the examination hall.
Try yourself: the problem (solve) by him. The house (build) three years ago. The boys (send) — to school yesterday.
The bird (kill) — on the ship last week. Cricket (play) — all over the world.
Rule-18: Simple Sentence-এ দুটি Verb থাকরে নদ্বতীয় Verb-এর সরে ing কোগ হয় অথব্া নদ্বতীয় Verb টির আরগ to
ব্রস।
He saw the boy (play) in the field. Ans : He saw the boy playing in the field.
I heard him (speak). Ans : I heard him speaking.
He helps me (make) the house. Ans : He helps me making the house.
Note :নদ্বতীয় Verb টি েনদ উরেশয কব্াঝারত ব্যব্হূত হয়, তরব্ নদ্বতীয় Verb-এর আরগ to ব্রস।
I went to the library (read) newspaper. Ans : I went to the library to read newspaper.
He repaired the boat (sell) it. Ans : He repaired the boat to sell it.
Try yourself: my son saw some frogs (jump) in the pond. He visits the mountains (experience) snow
Rule-19: Sentenceটি Active Voice হরে can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need, dare, used to,
ought to প্রভৃ নত Modal Auxiliary Verb-এর পরর present form হয়। কেমি,
He can (do) it easily. Ans : He can do it easily.
Everybody should (respect) his parents. Ans : Everybody should respect his parents.
It may (rain) today. Ans : It may rain today.
The boy can (work out) — the sum. Ans: The boy can work out the sum.
He could not (eat) — all the mangoes. Ans: He could not eat all the mangoes.
You must (do) — your duty properly. Ans: You must do your duty properly.
Try yourself : It may (rain) — today.One should (take) — care of one’s health.
Rule-20: Sentenceটি Passive Voice হরে can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need, dare, used to,
ought to প্রভৃ নত Modal Auxiliary Verb-এর পরর be+ Verb-এর past participle form হয়। কেমি,
The work can (do) — immediately. Ans: The work can be done immediately.
All the mangoes could (eat) — Ans: All the mangoes could be eaten.
Your duty must (perform) — very soon. Ans: Your duty must be performed very soon.
Try yourself : It can not (deny) — The English book will (buy) — tomorrow.
Rule-21: Main Clause-এর Verbটি Past Tense-এর হরে এব্ং পররর অংরশ next day, next week, next month, next year
ইতযানদ উরেে থাকরে Subject-এর পরর would/should ব্রস এব্ং Verb-এর Present Form হয়।
He said that he (go) — home the next day. Ans: He said that he would go home the next day.
He told that he (come) — here the next year. Ans: He told that he would come here the next year.
He said that he (buy) — a new TV the next day. Ans: He said that he would buy a new TV the next day.
Try yourself : She said that she (sell) — her land the next month. The man said that he (go) — to London the next day.
Rule-22: Sentence-এর Subject Singular Number হরে Verb Singular হয় এব্ং Subject Plural হরে Verb plural Number
হয়। নপ্রপজিশি নদরয় দুটি সাব্রিক্ট েুক্ত হরে প্রথম সাব্রিক্ট তথা কহড ওয়াডণ নদরয় ভাব্ নিয ণ ারি
ণ কররত হরব্।
The flowers of the garden (to be) beautiful. Ans : The flowers of the garden are beautiful.
These papers (to be) printed. Ans : These papers are printed.
Try yourself: the water in those ponds (be) polluted. The students in my class (be) smart.
Rule-23: মূে Verb-এর আরগ to be /have/get থাকরে Verb-এর Past participle form হয়।
She has (write) — a letter to her mother. Ans: She has written a letter to her mother.
I have (have) — my meal. Ans: I have had my meal.
She had (have) — her letter. Ans: She had had her letter.
The thief ran away having (see) — the policeman. Ans: The thief ran away having seen the policeman.
The Principal desired the notice to be (hang)—. Ans: The Principal desired the notice to be hung.
The work is to be (do) — immediately. Ans: The work is to be done immediately.
Try yourself : Have you ever (be) — to the zoo? Colombus has (discover) — America. I got the letter (write) — by him.
Having (do) — his duty he went out.
Rule-24: সাযারর্ত It is time, It is high time, wish, fancy ইতযানদর পরর Subject ও bracket এ মূে Verb থাকরে Verb-এর
Past form হয়।
It is time you (finish) a course on English language. Ans : It is time you finished a course on English language.
I wish I (sing). Ans : I wish I sang.
I wish I (win)__ the first prize in the lottery. Ans: I wish I won the first prize in the lottery.
I fancy I (fly)__ among the stars. Ans: I fancy I flew among the stars.
Try yourself : I wish I (be)__a rich man. It is time we (earn)__our livelihood.
আব্ার, It is time, It is high time, এর পর েনদ bracket এ মূে Verb থারক, তরব্ ওই এর আরগ to ব্সরব্ এব্ং ওই
অপনরব্নতণত থাকরব্। কেমি:
It is time (play). Ans: it is time to play
Try yourself: it is right time (stop) writing. It is high time (remove) corruption
Rule-25: ব্রারকরি (be) থাকরে person, number এব্ং tense অিুোয়ী am/is/are/was/were/been হরব্
God (be) — everywhere. Ans: God is everywhere.
It (be) — twenty years ago. Ans: It was twenty years ago.
One of my friends (be) — a good student. Ans: One of my friends is/was a good student.
Try yourself : The tickets of the journey (be) — very costly. The people of this village (be) — very poor ago.
Rule-26: As if, as though, wish ইতযানদ থাকরে Subject-এর পরর be verb-এর পনরব্রতণ were ব্রস।
He behaves as if he (be) a leader. Ans : He behaves as if he were a leader.
I wish I (be) a millionaire. Ans : I wish I were a millionaire.
He speaks as if he (be)__ the owner of the farm. Ans: He speaks as if he were the owner of the farm.
The man speaks as though he (be)__a leader. Ans: The man speaks as though he were a leader.
The man speaks as if he (be) __ a landlord. Ans: The man speaks as if he were a landlord.
Try yourself: The man speaks as though he (be) __a rich man. He speaks as if he (be) __ the President of Bangladesh.
Rule-27: As if, as though দ্বারা দুটি Clause েুক্ত থাকরে প্রথম Clauseটি Present tense হরে পরব্তী Clauseটি Past
Indefinite হয়। প্রথম Clauseটি Past tense হরে পররর Clauseটি Past perfect tense হয়।
He behaves as if he (buy) the car. Ans : He behaves as if he bought the car.
He spoke as though he (do) a great task. Ans : He spoke as though he had done a great task.
Try yourself: he acts as if he (know) me. He behaves as though he (go) to the moon
Rule-28: While েুক্ত Sentence-এ While-এর পরর Verb থাকরে Verb-এর সরে ing কোগ হয়। আব্ার
While-এর পরর Subject থাকরে While-এর অংশটি Past continuous tense হয়।
While (take) dinner, he received the phone. Ans : While taking dinner, he received the phone.
While I (play) in the field, I saw him coming. Ans : While I was playing in the field, I saw him coming.
While (walk) — in the garden, a snake bit him. Ans: While walking in the garden, a snake bit him.
While he (walk) — in the garden, a snake bit him. Ans: While he was walking in the garden, a snake bit him.
While it (rain) — , I was going to college. Ans: While it was raining, I was going to college.
Try yourself:
While (sleep) — in his room, he dreamt a nice dream. My uncle arrived while she (cook) — the dinner.
Rule-29: Lest দ্বারা দুটি Clause েুক্ত থাকরে Lest-এর পরব্তী Subject-এর সরে Auxiliary verb should/might ব্রস।
Read attentively lest you (fail) in the examination. Ans : Read attentively lest you should fail in the examination.
Walk fast lest you (be) late in your class. Ans : Walk fast lest you might be late in your class.
Inform him now lest the bus should be missed by him
Try yourself: go now lest you (miss) the plane. Go now lest the plane (miss).
Rule-30: Would that দ্বারা Sentence শুরু হরে Subject-এর পরর could ব্রস এব্ং মূে Verb-এর Present
form হয়।
Would that I (be) a bird! Ans : Would that I could be a bird!
Would that I (visit) Cox’s Bazar! Ans : Would that I could visit Cox’s Bazar!
Would that I (go) — to the moon! Ans: Would that I could go to the moon!
Would that I (be) — a poet like Nazrul! Ans: Would that I could be a poet like Nazrul!
Would that I (enter) — into the class-room! Ans: Would that I could enter into the class-room!
Try yourself : Would that I (buy) — a latest car! Would that I (see) — Amitabh Bacchan!
Rule-31: সাযারর্ত Each, one of, every, either, neither ইতযানদ দ্বারা ককারিা subject-গটঠত হরে কসটি 3rd person singular
number হয়; তাই এরদর পররর Verbটিও singular number হয়। কেমি,
Each boy (come) here. Ans : Each boy comes here.
One of them (to be) guilty. Ans : One of them is guilty.
Everybody (wish) to be happy. Ans : Everybody wishes to be happy.
Rule-32: Adjective-এর আরগ the ব্সরে subjectটি Plural হয় এব্ং তদিুোয়ী Verb ব্রস।
The virtuous (to be) blessed. Ans : The virtuous are blessed.
The poor (live) from hand to mouth. Ans : The poor live from hand to mouth.
Try yourself: the honest (be) happy. The intelligent (be) the real leaders
Rule-33: Titles, Names, phrase of measurement কদেরত Plural হরে Singular verb হয়।
Thirty miles (to be) a long way. Ans : Thirty miles is a long way.
Star wars (to be) an excellent movie. Ans : Star wars is an excellent movie.
Eight hours (to be) a long time to work. Ans : Eight hours is a long time to work.
Try yourself: the united states (be) a great country. The Gulliver’s travels (be) a great work.
Rule-34: ককারিা Sentence It দ্বারা শুরু হরে পরব্তী Verb singular হয়।
It (to be) difficult to do. Ans : It is difficult to do.
It (to be) you .who have done this. Ans : It is you who have done this.
Try yourself: it (be) done two years ago. It (stand) tall.
Rule-35: ককারিা Sentence েনদ Introductory There or here দ্বারা শুরু হয় এব্ং তারপর Singular number থারক, তরব্
there-এর Singular verb হয়। আর েনদ there-এর পরর Plural Number থারক, তরব্ Plural verb হয়।
There (to be) a big river beside our village. Ans : There was a big river beside our village.
There (to be) a lot of work left for us. Ans : There were a lot of work left for us.
Try yourself: there (stand) a big tree. there (stand) some big trees.
Rule-36: Let, had rather, had better, would better, do not, does not, need not, did not, did never ইতযানদর পরর Verb-এর
present form হয়। কেমি,
I would rather die than (beg) . Ans : I would rather die than beg.
Would you let me (go) there? Ans : Would you let me go there?
I let the other boys (use) — my skates. Ans: I let the other boys use my skates.
I had better (go) — home by this time. Ans: I had better go home by this time.
I need not (do) — the work. Ans: I need not do the work.
Try yourself : He did not (go) — to college yesterday. He does not (like) — student-politics.
Rule-37: If েুক্ত Clause-এর প্রথম অংশ Present Indefinite tense হরে পররর অংশ Future Indefinite হয় অথাৎ ণ
Structureটি হয় অথাৎ ণ [If +Present Indefinite +Future Indefinite]—তরব্ শতণসারপরে প্রযাি ক্লরির সাব্রিরক্টর পরর
can/may ব্সরত পারর। আব্ার নেরন্তি সতয ব্ুঝারে দুটি ক্লসই কপ্ররিক্ট কিরে ব্সরত পারর।
If you work hard, you (prosper) In life. Ans : If you work hard, you will prosper In life.
If he reads more he (pass) In the examination. Ans : If he reads more, he will pass in the examination.
If you walk slowly, you (miss) — the train. Ans: If you walk slowly, you will miss the train.
If you run in the rain, you (catch) — cold. Ans: If you run in the rain, you will catch cold.
If you burn snow, it (turn) to water. Ans: If you burn snow, it turns to water
If you complete the task in time, I (promote) you. Ans: If you complete the task in time, I can/may promote you.
Try yourself: I will not go out, if it (rain) — If he (come) — here, I will go there with him.
Rule-38: If েুক্ত Clause-এর প্রথম অংশ Indefinite tense হরে পররর অংশ Subject-এর পরর Would/could/might ব্রস
এব্ং Verb-এর Present form হয়। অথাৎ, ণ Structureটি হয়—
If + past indefinite + (subject + would/could/might +verb-এর Present form)
If he agreed, I (give) the money. Ans : If he agreed, I would give the money.
If you studied, you (get) a good result. Ans: If you studied, you would get a good result.
If he requested me, I (go) __there. Ans: If he requested me, I would go there.
এব্ং if+subject+be verb থাকরে সব্ সময় were হয়।
If I were a rich man, I (help)__the poor. Ans: If I were a rich man, I would help the poor.
If I were the President, I (remove)__ the terrorism. Ans: If I were the President, I would remove the terrorism.
If I were an artist, I (draw) a nice picture. Ans : If I were a child, I would draw a nice picture.
If I were a billionaire, I (establish) a hospital for the poor. Ans : If I were a billionaire, I would establish a hospital for
the poor.
Try yourself: I he finished the job in time, he (go) home. If she came in time, she (finish) writing. If she(be) a child,
she would study. If she were a child, she (study)
Rule-39: Had েুক্ত clauseটি Past Indefinite Tense হরে অপর clause-এর Subject-এর পরর would/could/might ব্রস এব্ং
Verb-এর main Form ব্রস। কেমি,
Had I a license, I (drive) the car. Ans: had I a license, I would drive the car
Had he much money, he (buy) a car. Ans: had he much money, he would buy a car
Try yourself : Had I much money, I (establish)__a college. Had I the wings of a bird, I (fly)__ like a bird.
Rule-40: If েুক্ত Clause-এর প্রথম অংশ Past perfect tense হরে পররর অংশ Subject-এর পরর Would have/could
have/might have ব্রস এব্ং Verb-এর Past participle form হয়।
If you had finished it sincerely, you (get) a profit. Ans : If you had finished it sincerely, you would have got a profit.
If I had possessed vast wealth, I (help) the poor people. Ans : If I had possessed vast wealth, I would have helped the
poor people.
If he had met his teacher, he (solve) the problems. Ans : If he had met his teacher, he would have solved the problems.
If he had invited, I (go)__. Ans: If he had invited, I would have gone.
If I had been a rich man, I (help)__the poor. Ans: If I had been a rich man, I would have helped the poor.
Try yourself: if I had seen him, I (call) him. I might have met you if I (know) his address.
We would have come, if he (invite)__. If you had stated earlier, you (catch)__the bus.
Rule-41: Sentence-এ Had েুক্ত clauseটি Past perfect Tense হরে অিয অংশটিরত Subject-এর পরর অথরভরদ ণ would
have/could have/might have ব্রস এব্ং verb-এর past participle হয়। অথাৎ ণ Had-এর পরর Subject এব্ং Verb-এর Past
participle থাকরে পরব্তী Clause-এর Subject-এর পরর Would have/could have/might have + verb-এর Past participle
form ব্রস।
Had I been a teacher, I (talk) the real story to my students. Ans : Had I been a teacher, I would have talked the real story
to my students.
Had he been a business, he (have) much money. Ans: had he been a businessman, he would have had much money.
Try yourself: had he obtained a bachelor degree, he (get) a job. Had he(have) a bachelor degree, he (get) a
job.
Rule-42: To-এর পরর Verb-এর main form হয়। কেমি,
She went to New Market to (buy) — a dress. Ans: She went to New Market to buy a dress.
We have come here to (see) — his ailing mother. Ans: We have come here to see his ailing mother.
The man said to the porter to (carry) — the load. Ans: The man said to the porter to carry the load.
Try yourself : You need to (go) — there. We have to (realize) — the importance of English.
Rule-43:To ব্যতীত Preposition-এর পররর Verb-এর সরে ing েুক্ত হয়। সাযারর্ত Preposition (on, in of, for, from, by,
after at, beyond, upon, against, with, without, before ইতযানদ) এর পরর verb-এর সরে ing কোগ হয়। কেমি:
Rina is busy in (do) her home work. Ans : Rina is busy in doing her homework.
Helen is neglected for (speak) foolishly. Ans : Helen is neglected for speaking foolishly.
Keep on (try) hard. Ans : Keep on trying hard.
I don’t believe in (overload) — my stomach. Ans: I don’t believe in overloading my stomach.
I had never thought of (go) — there. Ans: I had never thought of going there.
I could not live without (help) — the poor. Ans: I could not live without helping the poor.
He is now engaged in (read). Ans : He is now engaged in reading.
One can gather knowledge by (travel). Ans : One can gather knowledge by traveling.
He expressed his grief by (say) — that the thief had stolen his watch. Ans: He expressed his grief by saying that the
thief had stolen his watch.
Answer the questions by (write) — one point of information. Ans: Answer the questions by writing one point of
information.
By (dig) — a deeper hole, Jerry planted a tree. Ans: By digging a deeper hole, Jerry planted a tree.
Try yourself: he is now engaged in (travel). She was busy with (work). No student can pass the examination by (adopt)
— unfair means in the examination. By (be) — conscious of a language one can develop his ‘explicit’ learning. After
(do) — the work I will go out. The porter came here for (do) — the work.
Rule-44: Can not help, could not help, look forward to, with a view to, get used to, mind , would you mind, worth, past
ইতযানদর পরর Verb-এর সরে ing েুক্ত হয়।
He came to Dhaka with a view to (find) a job. Ans : He came to Dhaka with a view to finding a job.
I cannot help (laugh). Ans : I cannot help laughing.
I went there with a view to (read) — there. Ans: I went there with a view to reading there.
I am looking forward to (get) — your reply. Ans: I am looking forward to getting your reply.
I looked forward to (stand) — first in the class. Ans: I looked forward to standing first in the class.
Would you mind (give) — me a pen ? Ans: Would you mind giving me a pen ?
I can not help (do) — the work. Ans: I can not help doing the work.
He could not help (help) — the poor. Ans: He could not help helping the poor.
Try yourself : They become addicted to (take) — drugs. We went to Cox’s Bazar with a view to (see) — the sea shore.
She never mind (have) — ice cream. He could not help (sell) — his land.
Rule-45: ককাি Sentence-এর শুরুরত Subject-এর স্থারি Verb থাকরে Verb-এর সরে ing কোগ হয়। আব্ার ইিনিনিটিভ
ব্া ইিনিনিিভ কিি ব্াকযর সাব্রিক্ট হরে উক্ত সাব্রিক্টরক নসেু োর যররত হয়।
(To swim) is a good exercise. Ans : Swimming is a good exercise.
(To speak) is an art. Ans : Speaking is an art.
To speak in public (need) courage. Ans: To speak in public needs courage
try yourself: (run) requires energy. Running (require) energy. To write perfectly (need) a lot of practices.
Rule-46: Verb ‘to be’ নব্হীি Sentenceকক Negative ব্া Interrogative কররত হরে tense ও Subject-এর number ও person
অিুসারর do, does, did ব্যব্হার কররত হরব্।
They are beautiful. Ans: they are not ugly.
He is correct. Ans: isn’t he correct? Or is he not correct?
He has a cow. Ans: he does not have any other than a cow.
We not (play) Ha-du-du. Ans : We do not play Ha-du-du.
She not (play) football. Ans : She does not play football.
He not (come) home yesterday. Ans : He did not come home yesterday.
Try yourself: he (not come) home last night. They (not go) there in future.
Rule-47: Interrogative sentence েনদ who, what, why, which, when, where, whose, how ইতযানদ question word নদরয় শুরু
হয় তাহরে subject-এর আরগ tense ও person অিুোয়ী auxiliary verb ব্যব্হার কররত হরব্।
She was going to college. Ans: was she going to college?
She had done it. Ans: had she done it?
Why he (look) so happy? Ans : Why does he look so happy?
When father (come)? Ans : When will father come?
What you (say)? Ans : What do you say?
Try yourself: when he (go) home last night? How he (solve) it?
Rule-48: সাযারর্ত নিরের verb-গুরোর পরর gerund ব্রস। কেমি: admit, enjoy, report, appreciate, finish, recent, avoid,
mind, resist, miss, resume, consider, postpone, risk, delay, practise, suggest, escape, imagine, save, recall, prevent,
propose, stop, deny, quit ইতযানদ।
We enjoy (watch) TV. Ans: We enjoy watching TV.
I have finished (writing). Ans: I have finished writing.
Students have finished (write) the exam. Ans: Students have finished writing the exam.
Try yourself: the teacher asked the students to stop (write). They postponed (work)

Practice sheet: 50. If he disturbs the girl, he (punish).

1. Ice (float) on water. 51. The people of Bangladesh (be) not poor now.
2. The virtuous (be) blessed. 52. The brave (deserve) the fair.
3. He usually (go) to school by bus, but today he (go) by 53. Every flower and every fruit (be) the gift of God.
train. 54. More than a boy (be) guilty.
4. He not yet (finish) the work. 55. Two- thirds of the players (be) present.
5. I just (have) a snack. 56. I and not my friends (be) to blame.
6. The car needs (repair) soon. 57. Mother’s love (not measure).
7. He (admit) to hospital last night. 58. The rich (to be) not always happy.
8. Sugar (import) from Brazil. 59. Each of the girls (have) got a prize.
9. Mr.X (be) a teacher since 2000. 60. Swimming (make) our body fit.
10. Many a boy (be) present in the function. 61. To tell a lie(be) a great sin.
11. The principal wants the building (paint). 62. There (be) a book on the table.
12. I want him (post) the letter. 63. There (be) a few children in the class.
13. While (play) football, he got injured. 64. English (speak) all over the world.
14. While he (play) football, he got injured. 65. An honest man (respect) everywhere.
15. All of our natural resources not (explore) yet. 66. Slow and steady (win) the race.
16. Yesterday, a boy (run) over by a bus. 67. Bread and butter (be) my favourite breakfast.
17. I will not let you (tell) the matter. 68. The number of boys (be) smaller than usual.
18. The student (rebuke) for his misbehavior yesterday. 69. The colour of the mangoes (look) beautiful.
19. The quality of the mangoes (be) good. 70. Do you know where the clinic (locate)?
20. The leader with his followers (have) chanted slogans. 71. His choice of words (be) excellent.
21. Reading books (be) a good habit. 72. The cuckoo usually (find) in spring.
22. It is you who (be) to blame. 73. Success not (come) easily.
23. The colour of her eyes (be) blue. 74. The MP and Minister of the Samsad (visit) our college
24. He along with his friends (have) visited Cox’s Bazar. now.
25. Forty miles (be) a long way. 75. The MP and the Minister of the Samsad (visit) our
26. The number of people (be) very high. college recently.
27. A number of people (be) present there. 76. Food (cook) now.
28. Three-fourths of the work (have) been finished. 77. Two-thirds of the work already (finished).
29. The thief (catch) red handed. 78. She (join) the post recently.
30. The girl (lie) on the floor last night. 79. Each of the girls (give) a prize.
31. She (lay) some books on the table. 80. I have (have) my breakfast.
32. She feels like (dance). 81. I not (choose) my career yet.
33. He got him (carry) the load. 82. She (be) a lecturer since 1998.
34. The albatross made the wind (blow). 83. He (work) in this farm for three years.
35. He had the boy (clean) the floor. 84. We (wait) for his call since 4.30 pm.
36. He got the car (repair). 85. I (live) here for a long time.
37. The picture (hang) on the wall. 86. Why you (not come) home yesterday?
38. The man (hang) for murder last year. 87. I (see) you long ago.
39. He (reach) Dhaka by 5 p.m. 88. He (lie) down as he was tired.
40. The thief ran fast lest he (catch). 89. I (save) fortunately.
41. Water (boil) if you heat it 100* centigrade. 90. Rome was not (build) in a day.
42. It is time for the govt. (eradicate) poverty. 91. It is high time Rahim (prepare) well for the exam.
43. The work has to (complete). 92. It is time for you ( leave) the room.
44. Our nation needs to (educate). 93. It is five years since he (depart) from earth.
45. The girl gets used to (lie). 94. Twenty years passed since the writer and the lady
46. Bangladesh is a country (lie) in South Asia. (meet) for the second time.
47. The bridge over the river (construct) in 1950. 95. The girl acts as if she (be) an actress.
48. There (be) some rice in the pot. 96. She pretended as though she (not know) anything
49. I read the news (publish) in the Daily Star. about it.
97. He said that he (go) home next day. 125. I want the notice to (hang).
98. Selina said that she already (finish) all her courses. 126. Parents wish their children to (establish) in life.
99. The boy fell down while he (run). 127. I want him (cut) the tree.
100. They (walk) then. 128. If you perform well, you (reward).
101. While he (read) book, a phone call came. 129. They might win the match if they (play) well.
102. He (watch) television before I entered the room. 130. If you had (have) your lunch, you would have felt
103. He left the house after he (get) the news. better.
104. Nila (come) home soon. 131. Had you been serious in your study, you (pass) the
105. The new computer (arrive) next week. examination.
106. I (finish) the work before you will come. 132. Either he or his friends (be) guilty.
107. You had better (go) to a doctor. 133. None of the boys (have) been punished for this.
108. You have to (do) this. 134. Not only he but also his brothers (be) honest.
109. The elders should (treat) well. 135. Nobel prizes (award) for outstanding contribution.
110. The poem can (memorize) easily. 136. The tree (cut) now.
111. The sentences should (write) properly. 137. The MP and Minister of the Samgsad (visit) our
112. The people (live) in the town face many problems. college recently.
113. I saw the farmers (reap) the harvest in the field. 138. Two-thirds of the mango (be) rotten.
114. The cultural programme (arrange) in Dhaka College 139. He said that he (go) home next day.
is really entertaining. 140. It is high time for the students (prepare) their courses
115. The house (build) in 1980 has collapsed. 141. The elders should (treat) well.
116. I look forward to (receive) a letter from you. 142. He is used to (lie).
117. I went there with a view to (meet) her. 143. I wish I (sing) a song.
118. I prefer (dance) to (play). 144. If you wanted, I (help) you.
119. He is used to (swim) in the river. 145. English (speak) all over the world.
120. My friend insisted on my (do) this work. 146. As soon as I saw him, I (meet) him.
121. He made me ( go) there. 147. He (go) home every week?
122. I had my hair (cut). 148. Our parents must (respect).
123. He got the work (do). 149. I (have) my breakfast before I came to college.
124. He never feels (disturb). 150. The thief ran fast lest he (catch).

2(i). Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.
The Liberation of War of Bangladesh inspired many artists, singers and cultural activists. Eminent artiste Shaheen Samad (a)---(join)
Bangladesh Mukti Sangrami Sangstha during the Liberation War. She along with others (b)---(inspire) millions with her voice (c)---(raise)
funds for the refugee camps. The cultural troupe used to (travel) to refugee camps and different areas in Mukta Anchal. They (e)---
(perform) patriotic songs and arranged puppet shows besides (f)---(stage) dramas. Shaheen Samad said, “Liberation War always (g)---(be)
an inspiration for me.” She sang a lot of songs during that time and now (h)---(feel) honoured to have been able to inspire the freedom
fighters. She has the memorable harmonium with which she sang in 1971. Now, she (i)---(wish) to hand it over to Liberation War
Museum. This eminent artiste wants to see live performance of those moving songs on TV channel, at least one song in a week and thus
(j)---(cover) all the year round.
2(ii). Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.
Bangladesh (a)---(rank) 177th out of 190 countries (b)---(survey) by the World Bank in its Ease of Doing Business Index for 2018, (c)---
(set) us a notch down from last year’s ranking. To put that into perspective, our rank is actually worse than the war (d)---(ravage)
countries of Iraq and Syria. It is actually easier to (e)---(do) business in countries that have only recently (f)---(end) civil wars than in a
relatively peaceful Bangladesh! Moreover, while Bangladesh kept going down in ratings, neighbouring India (g)---(achieve) an incredible
feat by going up 30 notches within one year! This (h)---(come) as much of surprise though, since our rating continuously (i)---(go) down
since 2006, from an initial rank of 65. However, this unfavourable score is bound (j)---(discourage) foreign investors from coming to
Bangladesh as it is a clear sign of our nation’s hostility towards business organizations.
2(iii). Read the text and fill in the gaps with the form of verbs as per subject and context.
Bangladesh (a)---(be) a developing country like other third world countries. Her economic development (b)---(depend) firstly on
agriculture and secondly on industry. Though Bangladesh is not (c)---(develop) in industry, it (d)---(enrich) in garment industries in the
recent past years. Now, garment industry (e)---(be) a promising step. It (f)---(give) the opportunity of employment to many people. It (g)--
-(make) great contribution to the development of our country. Bangladesh (h)---(export) forty thousand shirts in Germany and earns 01
million US dollar. The income from garments is (i)---(increase) day by day. Undoubtedly, it (j)---(be) going to be the landmark for the
nation.
2(i). Answer: (a) joined (b) inspired (c) to raise (d) travel (e) performed (f) staging (g) is (h) feels (i) wishes (j) cover
2(ii).Answer: (a) ranked (b) surveyed (c) setting (d) ravaged (e) do (f) ended (g) achieved (h) has come (i) has been going (j) to
discourage
2(iii).Answer: (a) is (b) depends (c) developed (d) is/has been enriched (e) is /has been (f) gives (g)has made/ is making (h) has exported
(i) increasing (j) is
2(i). Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.
It is high time we (a)---(use) our brain about the curse of dowry. The issues of dowry (b)---(have) be considered in view of a country’s
socio-economic, cultural, political circumstances. United efforts (c)---(require) to put an end to violence against women. A specific
framework must (d)---( draw) up to (e)---(implement). Anyway, we can hope that dowry (f)---(come) to end in the time to come. We dare
to (g)---(hope) so because our girls are being (h)---(educate) day by day. Parents’ mentality (i)---(change) gradually. People (i)---(be)
more conscious.
2(ii). Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.
Today, we (a)---(be) a free nation. We (b)---(have) to take great pains to take freedom. Our war of Liberation (e)---(take) place in 1971.
People from all walks of life (d)---(come) forward and got (e)---(involve) in the war directly or indirectly. Many a man (f)---(kill) in the
battlefield. They never (g)---(flee) from the battlefield (h)---(show) their backs. Rather, all of them (i)---(contribute) much to (j)---
(achieve) independence.
2(iii). Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.
Truth always (a)---(succeed) in the world. Falsehood (b)---(win) for the time being. Those who (e)---(live) in the world of truth are (d)---
(respect) by all people. Those who (e)---(get) interest in (f)---(tell) lies in life may prosper seemingly. But they (g)---(succeed) all the
time. Socrates throughout his life would (h)---(preach) the truth. He tried (i)--- (make) people conscious what (j)---( be) good for them.
2(i).Answer: (a) used (b) have to (c) are required (d) be drawn (e) implement (f) will come (g) hope (h) educated (i)is changing (i) are
2(ii).Answer: (a) are (b) had (c) took (c) came (d) involved (e) was killed (f) fled (g) showing (i) contribute (j) achieve/achieving
2(iii).Answer: (a) succeeds (b) wins/may win(c) live (d) respected (e) get (f) telling (g) can/do not succeed (h) preach (i) to
make (j) was

1. A large number of the students in our country (a)---(fail) in English for different reasons. English (b)—(be) a foreign
language, most of the students fear it. They (c)---(interest) in it. They (d)---(find) seeking the way of crossing the barriers of
examination. Then, it becomes very difficult for a teacher (e)---(teach) English unless the students are interested in it. In this
situation, a teacher of English hardly (f)---(find) out any suitable technique. He fails (g)---(motivate) them to master four
skills of language. Again, some teachers (h)—(lack) the ability to make the students (i)---(learn) English. Textbooks are also
defective. It is high time we did something (j)---(save) the students from the disgrace of failure.
2. Statistics (a)—(show) that English (b)—(speak)as both first and second languages. It (c)—(use) widely in more than 60
countries and many international organizations run their activities (d)---(use) it. International meetings (e)—(hold) in English.
English helps business world (f)—(communicate) across national borders. More than 80% information in computers (g)—
(store) in English. So, organizations need employees (h)—(have) good command on English. Besides, most of the official
works (i)—(do) in English. English helps the students (j)--- (get) a good job and better salary.
3. Patriotism is a noble virtue. It (a)---(know) as one’s love for one’s motherland. It is such a quality that (b)---(remove) all
sorts of meanness (c)---(lie) in human mind and (d)---(make) it broad. It inspires a man (e)--- (shed) the last drop of blood for
the independence of his country. A patriot is a man who (f)---(sacrifice) everything (g)--- (think) of the welfare of his country
and countrymen. A true patriot (h)---(respect) by all. He (i)---(live) in the mind of the men even after his death and never (j)--
-(forget).
4. Climate (a)---(change) significantly nowadays. All countries (b)---(affect) seriously by it. Carbon dioxide as well as other
greenhouse gases (c)--- (be) mainly responsible for it. Atmospheric temperature (d)--- (rise) up because of the increased
amount of these gases. Over temperature (e)---(harm) all kinds of species. Ice-caps (f)---(melt) for it and coastal areas (g)---
(flood) because of the rise of the sea-level. It already (h)---(cause) huge loss of life and property. So, necessary steps should
(i)---(take) immediately to reduce the emission of carbon. Thus, all species of the world (j)---(save).
5. Money (a)---(need)for our life but it (a)---(bring) happiness to our life. Happiness (c)--- (means) the contentment of the
mind. It cannot (d)---(purchase) with money. Though money (e)---(hold) importance in man’s life, it (f)---(make) him happy
in a true sense. So, the richest men of the society (g)---(be) not the happiest men. We find them (h)--- (lead) an uneasy life
and (i)---(pass) sleepless nights. Therefore, only moral and spiritual development (J)--- (ensure) happiness.
6. Nowadays, women (a)---(play) an important role in all spheres of life. They are no longer (b)---(confine) within four walls
of the house. Now, they have become competent by (c)---(achieve) higher education. They (d)---(engage) in different
professions now and (e)---(work) hand in hand with men in all development programmes (f)---(run) by the government. They
already (g)---(prove) their worth (h)---(contribute) a lot to the economy of the country. They are (i)---(lag) behind but(j)---
(advance) fast.
7. Communicative competence in English is urgently (a)---(need) in our country. The present world (b)---(run) fast and
developing by leaps and bounds. In order to keep pace with the present world, we cannot help (c)---- (learn) English. But the
present system of teaching and learning is not up to the mark. The textbooks (d)---- (design) for the classes IX-X have to (e)--
- (modify)and made updated. The learners of our schools and colleges (f)--- (speak) and write English fluently. Even, they
(g)---(develop) their listening skill. As a result, they fail (h)---(understand) when the native speakers (i)---(talk) to them in
English. The teachers also (j)---(teach) them methodically.