28 Quitting CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK
NORWAY
Ex-smokers
28 Quitting ICELAND
FINLAND
Percentage of people who used to smoke
who have quit smoking latest available data
40% or more
SWEDEN
ESTONIA
“Every nicotine patch sold means LATVIA RUSSIAN 30% – 39%
FED.
200 cigarettes not sold.” Clive Bates, UNITED DENMARK LITHUANIA
KINGDOM 20% – 29%
ASH UK, 2002 NRT
GERMANY
NETH. (nicotine
In the UK, NRT is available IRELAND BELGIUM POLAND
UKRAINE 10% – 19%
The main dangers of smoking to all citizens under the CZECH replacement
REP.
National Health Service LUX.
REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA
MOLDOVA therapy) available
decrease when smokers quit, even and is reimbursed HUNGARY fewer than 10%
as any other AUSTRIA over-the-counter
RUSSIAN
in those who have smoked for 30 medicine. FRANCE SLOVENIA
ROMANIA
FEDERATION no data 2002
C A N A D A
or more years. SWITZ. ITALY
YUGOSLAVIA BULGARIA
Smokers move through stages in SPAIN
relation to quitting: of pre- PORTUGAL
GREECE
contemplation, contemplation,
GIBRALTAR
readiness then action, followed by UNITED STATES MALTA
ALGERIA
OF AMERICA JAPAN
maintenance or relapse. Many
TURKEY
move through this cycle several C H I N A
times before they finally quit, CYPRUS
ISRAEL
ISL. REP.
IRAN
while others report they found it BAHAMAS
KUWAIT
ALGERIA
easier to quit than they expected. MEXICO
EGYPT
These stages are influenced by JAMAICA
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC SAUDI ARABIA Hong Kong
SAR
increased costs from tax increases HONDURAS
THAILAND
or reduction of smuggling, illness SUDAN
in the smoker, family or friends available in all parts of the world: VENEZUELA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
GHANA
CÔTE
dying from tobacco, the media, social support, clinics, quitlines, COLOMBIA
D’IVOIRE
health profession, bans on internet sites; skills training;
promotion, creation of smoke- nicotine replacement therapy ECUADOR
SINGAPORE
free areas and, while most (NRT) and other pharmaceutical
smokers still quit on their own, treatments. BRAZIL
availability of support and If interventions only focus on
PERU MALAWI
treatment. prevention of initiation, and do ZAMBIA
There are now techniques to not address cessation, then
assist those who want to quit 160 million additional smokers CHILE
smoking, although these are not will die before 2050 (see below). AUSTRALIA
TUVALU
SOUTH
AFRICA
URUGUAY
Quitting Calendar TONGA
The benefits of stopping smoking Effect of Impact of interventions on
smoking restrictions starting to smoke and quitting NEW
1 day later Heart, blood pressure, and the blood at home and at work ZEALAND
show improvements USA 1992–93 percentages Type of Quitting
intervention
Excess risk of coronary heart attempted quitting
1 year later disease is half that of a continuing still not smoking six months later More than 10% 3% increase in quitting
smoker price increase
Effects of starting and quitting smoking on deaths 72%
5 to 15 years Risk of a stroke is reduced to that Total accumulated tobacco deaths Anti-smoking media Increased number of attempts
later of never-smokers 2000, 2025 and 2050 projected at home at work and success
millions 52% 51%
Risk of lung cancer is reduced to Bans on promotion Complete ban reduces
10 years 45% consumption by 6%
less than half that of continuing if present smoking patterns if youth uptake if adult consumption
later smokers; risks of many other continue… halves… halves… 35%
cancers decrease 520m 500m Restrictions on no evidence
340m youth access
Risk of coronary heart disease is 220m 220m 16% 13%
15 years similar to that of never-smokers, 150m 9% 11% 10% Smoking restrictions Work and household
later and the overall risk of death almost 70m 70m 70m restrictions most effective
the same, especially if the smoker
quits before illness develops no ban partial total ban in ban in NRT Higher number of attempts to quit
82 ban ban work area all areas 83
