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X - Geo - CH - 6 Question & Answers

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13 views2 pages

X - Geo - CH - 6 Question & Answers

Uploaded by

agaaravgoyal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter: - 6 Manufacturing Industries

Question & Answer


Q.1. What is manufacturing industries? Give an example
Ans: Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products
are called manufacturing industries. Example- Iron & steel, textile industries.
Q.2. “Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic
development in particular". Explain.
Ans: Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic
development in particular, because-
• Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture by providing modern tools & technology,
HYV seeds, and other inputs.
• They reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in
secondary and tertiary sectors.
• Helps in eradication of unemployment and poverty by generating more income and work in the
factories and other related areas.
• Helps in bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
• Exports of manufactured goods expand trade and commerce and bring much-needed foreign
exchange.
• Any country that convert its raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods, can prosper more.
Q.3. Name the physical and human factor which affect the location of manufacturing industries.
Ans: Physical factors Human factors

1. Raw material 1. Market


2. Power supply 2. Labour
3. Climate 3. Transport & communication
4. Availability of Land 4. Banking & Insurance companies
Q.4. Which factor is the key for the location of industries? Write any four points to support your answer.

Ans: The least cost factor is the key for the location of industries. Following are the points to support the
answer: -
• The cost of obtaining raw material and power at the factory site should be minimum.
• The cost of manufacturing various products at the factory site should also be very low.
• The factory site should be such from where manufactured products may easily be distributed or
transported to the market at minimum cost.
• Factory site should be in the areas where specialised or skilled labourers are easily and cheaply
available, because it also involves the least cost.

Q.5. Why is the ‘least cost’ known as decision making factor for ideal location of an industry?
Ans: Least cost is the key factor that determines the location of an industry because industry tends to be
located at a place where factors of production are either available or can be arranged at low cost.
Q.6 What is agglomeration economies?
Ans: Many industries that tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres
like markets, infrastructure and other services are known as agglomeration economies.
Q.7. Why has the ‘National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council’ been set up?
Answer:
National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up with the objective of appropriate
policy intervention, by the Government and renewed efforts, by the industry to improve productivity and
achieve its target over the next decade.
Q.7. Write the contribution of industries in national economy.
Ans: - Following are the contribution of industries to national economy:
• The share of industrial sector in the economy is about 27 % out of which manufacturing contribute
around 17 % of GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
• Industries generate large scale employment for the people. (around 12% of labour force)
• Manufactured goods contribute about 72% of the export earnings.
• Export of manufactured goods help the country to earn huge foreign exchange.
• Manufacturing help in the development of other sectors of economy
Classification of Manufacturing Industries:
A] On the basis of Raw Materials:
1. Agro Based: Those industries which depend for raw materials on agriculture, e.g. Cotton, Woollen, Jute,
Silk Textiles, Sugar, Tea, Edible Oil

2. Mineral Based: Those industries where minerals are used as raw materials, e.g. Iron & Steel, Cement,
Aluminium, Machine Tools etc.

B] On the basis of their Main Role:


1. Basic Industries: Those industries which provide raw material to other industries are called basic
industries. These industries help the development of other industries, e.g. Iron and Steel, Copper and
Aluminium Smelting

2. Consumer Industries: Those industries which produce goods which are used directly by consumers are
called consumer industries. Finished goods of these industries are directly sold in the market for consumers,
e.g. Sugar, Toothpaste, Soap, Bread, Paper etc.

C] On the basis of Capital Investment:


1. Small Scale Industries: Those industries where investment of capital is less than Rupees one crore are
called as small-scale industries, e.g. Mat, Furniture, Toys, Bread, Tools etc.

2. Large Scale Industries: Those industries where investment of capital is more than Rupees one crore are
called as large-scale industries, e.g. Iron & Steel, Petrochemicals, Cotton Textiles etc.

D] On the basis of Ownership:


1. Public Sector: These industries are owned, operated and maintained by Govt. e.g. BHEL, SAIL, IISCO

2. Private Sector: These industries are owned, operated and maintained by individual or group of individuals,
e.g. TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd., etc.

3. Joint Sector: These industries are jointly run by Govt. and group of individuals. It is mixture of public and
private sector, e.g. Oil India Ltd. [OIL].

4. Cooperative Sector: These industries are owned, operated and maintained by supplier of raw materials and
workers of the industries, e.g. Sugar industries in Maharashtra, Coir industries in Kerala.

E] On the basis of weight of Finished Goods [Output]:


1. Heavy Industries: Those industries which use heavy and bulky raw materials and produce heavy goods in
large quantity are called heavy industries, e.g. Iron and Steel, Copper Smelting.

2. Light Industries: Those industries which use light and small raw materials and produce light goods are
called light industries, e.g. Electrical, Toys, Tools, Utensils etc.

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