Activity 22

OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED

To verify that the angle subtended by an Cardboard, coloured drawing
arc of a circle at the centre is double the sheets, scissors, sketch pens,
angle subtended by it at any point on the adhesive, geometry box, transparent
remaining part of the circle. sheet.

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Take a rectangular cardboard of a
convenient size and paste a white paper
on it.
2. Cut out a circle of suitable radius on a
coloured drawing sheet and paste on the
cardboard.
3. Take two points B and C on the circle to
obtain the arc BC [see Fig. 1].
4. Join the points B and C to the centre O to
obtain an angle subtended by the arc BC
at the centre O. Fig. 1

5. Take any point A on the remaining part of

the circle. Join it to B and C to get ∠BAC
subtended by the arc BC on any point A
on the remaining part of the circle
[see Fig. 1].
6. Make a cut-out of ∠BOC and two cut-
outs of angle BAC, using transparent sheet
[see Fig. 2].
Fig. 2

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 Fig. 3

DEMONSTRATION
Place the two cut-outs of ∠BAC on the cut-out of angle BOC, adjacent to each
as shown in the Fig. 3. Clearly, 2 ∠BAC = ∠BOC, i.e., the angle subtended by an
arc at the centre is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining
part of the circle.

OBSERVATION
Measure of ∠BOC = .........................
Measure of ∠BAC = .........................
Therefore, ∠BOC = 2 ........................

APPLICATION
This property is used in proving many other important results such as angles in
the same segment of a circle are equal, opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral
are supplementary, etc.

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 Activity 23
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
To verify that the angles in the same Geometry box, coloured glazed
segment of a circle are equal. papers, scissors, cardboard, white
paper and adhesive.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Take a cardboard of suitable size and paste a white paper on it.
2. Take a sheet of glazed paper and draw a circle of radius a units on it [see Fig. 1].
3. Make a cut-out of the circle and paste it on the cardboard.
4. Take two points A and B on the circle and join them to form chord AB
[see Fig. 2].
5. Now take two points C and D on the circle in the same segment and join AC,
BC, AD and BD [see Fig. 3].
6. Take replicas of the angles ∠ACB and ∠ADB.

Fig. 1 Fig. 2

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 Fig. 3 Fig. 4

DEMONSTRATION
Put the cut-outs of ∠ACB and ∠ADB on each other such that vertex C falls on
vertex D [see Fig. 4]. In Fig. 4, ∠ACB covers ∠ADB completely. So,
∠ACB = ∠ADB.

OBSERVATION
On actual measurement:
∠ACB = ---------------, ∠ADB = ---------------
So, ∠ACB = ∠ADB. Thus, angles in the same segment are ---------.

APPLICATION
This result may be used in proving other theorems/riders of geometry related to
circles.

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 Activity 24
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
To verify that the opposite angles of a Chart paper, geometry box,
cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary. scissors, sketch pens, adhesive,
transparent sheet.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Take a chart paper and draw a circle of
radius on it.
2. In the circle, draw a quadrilateral so that
all the four vertices of the quadrilateral
lie on the circle. Name the angles and
colour them as shown in Fig. 1.
3. Make the cut-outs of the angles as shown
in Fig. 2.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

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 DEMONSTRATION
Paste cut-outs of the opposite angles ∠1 and ∠3, ∠2 and ∠4 to make straight
angles as shown in Fig. 3. Thus ∠1 + ∠3 = 180° and ∠2 + ∠4 = 180°.

OBSERVATION
On actual measurement:
∠1 = ................; ∠2 = ................; ∠3 = ................; ∠4 = .................
So, ∠1 + ∠3 = ..........; ∠2 + ∠4 = ..........;
Therefore, sum of each pair of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is
........................ .

APPLICATION
The concept may be used in solving various problems in geometry.

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 Activity 26
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
To form a cube and find the formula for Cardboard, ruler, cutter, cellotape,
its surface area experimentally. sketch pen/pencil.

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Make six identical squares each of side a units, using cardboard and join
them as shown in Fig. 1 using a cellotape.
2. Fold the squares along the dotted markings to form a cube [see Fig. 2].

Fig. 1

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 Fig. 2

DEMONSTRATION
1. Each face of the cube so obtained is a square of side a units. Therefore, area
of one face of the cube is a2 square units.
2. Thus, the surface area of the cube with side a units = 6a2 square units.

OBSERVATION
On actual measurement:
Length of side a = ..................
Area of one square / one face = a2 = ............... .
So, sum of the areas of all the squares = ..........+............+..........+ ..........+ ..........
+ ............
Therefore, surface area of the cube = 6a2
NOTE
APPLICATION
Instead of making six squares
This result is useful in estimating separately as done in the activity,
materials required for making cubical a net of a cube be directly
boxes needed for packing. prepared on the cardboard itself.

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